ubuntu notes
1. backup data
2. Basics Ubuntu
3. Install, uninstall packages
4. Basic Unix
5. Glossary
6. FAQ
6.1. sudo: unable to resolve host 127.0.0.1localhost
6.2. check packages installed
6.3. Ubuntu on lenovo ideapad 100s
6.3.1. system does not have any USB boot option, please select other boot option in Boot manager menu
6.4. killing unnecessary processes
6.5. Image Converter
6.6. images to video
7. screen recording on Ubuntu
7.0.1. byzanz
8. Packages
8.1. extract a page from a multiple pages pdf
8.2. Mendeley
8.3. Light Ubuntu OS
8.4. Python
8.5. Octave: matlab alternative
8.6. video Download
8.7. Transmission
8.8. PDF viewer
8.9. Tor Browser on Ubuntu 16.04
8.10. Thunderbird
8.10.1. office 365
8.10.2. add Gmail account to thunderbird
8.11. To set up Thunderbird to sync to your Outlook.com account’s email:
8.12. Outlook 365
9. Update
10. Chinese input
10.1. fcitx
10.2. Sougou input
11. Resilio sync
11.1. installation
11.2. reset my WebUI password
12. Commands
12.1. make
13. Package Manager
13.1. dpkg
14. BEM code
14.1. compiling
15. Introduction
16. update
17. Resilio sync
18. change directory
19. list files
20. copy, delete and remove
21. SSH Shell
22. file format
22.1. Bourne Shell Script
23. Error Log
23.1. -bash: ./foo.sh: Permission denied.
23.2. When adding shared folder with btsync: “Don't have permissions to write to selected folder”
24. FAQ
CHAPTER 32 Backing Up Data, Keir Thomas, Beginning Ubuntu linux
packages:
Simple Backup Suite (SBackup
tar
extract <code>.tar.gz</code> file in Ubuntu
Compress an Entire Directory or a Single File
<code>tar cvzf example.tar.gz /path/to/directory</code> -c: Create an archive -z: Compress the archive with g*z*ip -v: dispaly progress in the terminal -f: specify the *f*ilename of the archive
Extract an Archive
<code>tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz</code>
cutting, copying and pasting in terminal Ubuntu X #cutting C # copying Ctrl+Shift+V #pasting
sudo apt-get install packagename
sudo apt-get remove packagename
sudo apt-get purge packagename #remove package and dependencies
https://www.wikihow.com/Uninstall-Ubuntu-Software
<code>pwd</code> #print Working Directory
<code>ls</code> #prints filenames in a list
ls -a #prints all filenames, including hidden files
ls -l #'long' list, displays info including permissions.
ls -h #prints the sizes of files in units you can read
ls -tr #t for time sorted, r for reverse
cd ~/ # return to <code>home directory</code>
cd ../ # move up one directory
mkdir [foldername] # make directory
<dl></dl>
<dt>PPA</dt>
<dd>personal package archives</dd>
solution:
use dpkg , a package manager for Ubuntu
To check a specified package:
$ dpkg -s [package name]
To list all packages:
$ dpkg-query -l
default windows, UEFI, only allow to disable secure boot,
do not have BIOS compatibility mode
Turn off the machine
Press the recovery button next to the HDD light.
Select BIOS Setup
In configuration, turn off Secure boot, select Reset to Setup Mode.
Press F10 to save and exit.
Turn off the machine again, press the recovery button.
Select Boot Menu
Select Ubuntu under EFI Boot Devices.
keywords: background process, kill
To list all processes:
ps -ef
From the terminal, <code>ps -ef</code> will list all the processes. See man ps. See man kill, man 2 kill, man killall, man nice, man pkill, man renice, man 7 signal, and man skill to mess with processes. However, simply killing a process that you think is useless may be a mistake. The system might restart the process, or something you depend on might depend on the process you killed. Learn what the processes do, and look at etc/init and /etc/init.d, /etc/rc?.d, man service to see how processes are started by the system.
change image format
eps to pdf > epstopdf package > epstopdf [options] [epsfile]
use <code>avconv</code>
syntax:
e.g.
avconv -r 10 -startnumber 8 -i filename_%d.png -b:v 1000k test.mp4
avconv -i v_%d.png -b:v 1000k velocity.mp4
<dt>i</dt>
<dd>input file</dd>
<dt>b</dt>
<dd>bitrate</dd>
https://libav.org/avconv.html https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16315192/avconv-make-a-video-from-a-subset-on-images
byzanz
kazam
-recordmydesktop https://www.ubuntupit.com/15-best-linux-screen-recorder-and-how-to-install-those-on-ubuntu/ https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ScreenCasting
To record full screen on a 24 inch monitor:
<code>$byzanz-record --duration=10 -c --width=1920 --height=1080 test1.gif</code>
1080p=1920*1080
coordinates start from the left corner
<code>byzanz-record -d 20 -c -x 0 -y 0 -w 700 -h 550 -v out.gif</code>
where -d : duration : 20 seconds to be recorded -c : cursor also to be recorded -x : left co-ordinate of the recording rectangle -y : right co-ordinate of the recording rectangle -w : width of the recoding rectangle -h : height of the recording rectangle -v : verbose output out.gif : output file name
To launch a terminal $ byzanz-record –help
which returns:
Three shell scripts:
byzanz-record-window –> to select a window for recording
byzanz-record-region –> to select a part of the screen for recording
a simple GUI front-end for 1, by MHC
https://askubuntu.com/questions/107726/how-to-create-animated-gif-images-of-a-screencast/
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/CreatingScreencasts
To check xxPackage installation path
<code>dpkg -L <packagename></code>
the terminal responding as:
<code>/usr/lib/paraview/</code>
use <code>pdftk</code> package
<code>pdftk full-pages.pdf cat 1 output outfile_1.pdf</code>
in the above command, input file is <code>full-pages.pdf</code>, you extract page 1 and save it as <code>outfile_1.pdf</code>
https://www.mendeley.com/guides/download-mendeley-desktop/ubuntu/instructions
linux lite
Lubuntu
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3.6
https://askubuntu.com/questions/865554/how-do-i-install-python-3-6-using-apt-get
https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/
<code>you-get</code> package To upgrade <code>you-get</code>: > $ pip3 install –upgrade you-get
$ you-get -i 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw'
then you can see all formats and their corresponding tags, download a specified video format.
$ you-get –itag=18 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw'
download a BitTorrent https://help.ubuntu.com/community/TransmissionHowTo#Transmission
Okular set default pdf viewer
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/tor-browser
sudo apt-get install tor-browser https://www.linuxbabe.com/desktop-linux/install-tor-browser-on-ubuntu-16-04-via-ppa
first enable IMAP on your Gmail account. See Gmail's instructions for help. (IMAP is enabled on new Gmail accounts by default.)
On your computer, open Gmail. In the top right, click Settings Settings. Click Settings. Click the Forwarding and POP/IMAP tab. In the "IMAP Access" section, select Enable IMAP. Click Save Changes.
Step 2: Change SMTP & other settings in your email client
<code>File > New > Existing Mail Account</code>
The "Mail Account Setup" dialog is displayed. After you provide your account information (real name, email address and password), Thunderbird will automatically configure your Gmail connection. Click Done, sign in with your Google account if prompted and that's all! Thunderbird will download your existing messages and your Gmail will be ready to use.
Use the table below to update your client with the correct information. For help updating your settings, search your email client's Help Center for instructions on setting up IMAP.
Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server:
imap.gmail.com
Requires SSL: Yes
Port: 993
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server
smtp.gmail.com
Requires TLS: Yes (if available)
Requires Authentication: Yes
Port for SSL: 465
Port for TLS/STARTTLS: 587 Full Name or Display Name Your name Account Name, User name, or Email address Your full email address Password Your Gmail password
https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/thunderbird-and-gmail
Open Thunderbird.
From the Application menu, choose Add Account…
Input your account information, choose Options… then Account Settings…
Click the Account Actions button, then choose Add Mail Account…
Input your account information.
Click Continue.
Click Manual config.
Set the Incoming settings as follows:
a. Server hostname: imap-mail.outlook.com. (smtp.office365.com)
b. Port: 993.
c. SSL: SSL/TLS.
d. Authentication: Normal password.
Set the Outgoing settings as follows:
a. Server hostname: smtp-mail.outlook.com. (smtp.office365.com)
b. Port: 587.
c. SSL: STARTTLS.
Click Done.
For more information on connecting your app to Outlook.com, visit this link: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/outlook/send-receive-from-app.
Start your Thunderbird client.
Go to Tools and then Account Settings…
Select Account Actions and then Add Mail Account…
Enter Your name and your QMUL Email address (eg [email protected]) and QMUL Password.
Don’t forget to tick the Remember password option before clicking Continue.
If successful you will be able to click Done to complete the email set up and start using your account.
Thunderbird may not automatically find the settings and the following error message will appear:
'Thunderbird failed to find the settings for your email account.'
Amend Incoming IMAP server hostname to ‘outlook.office365.com’ and Outgoing SMTP to ‘smtp.office365.com’.
Change the Incoming port to 993 and the Outgoing port to 587.
Change the Incoming SSL to ‘SSL/TLS’ and the Authentication to ‘Normal Password’, and the Outgoing SSL to ‘Autodetect’ and Authentication to ‘Autodetect’.
Amend the entry for Username to your QMUL username including the '@qmul.ac.uk' suffix (eg [email protected]).
Click Re-Test.
13 .Click Done to complete the email set up and start using your account.
http://www.its.qmul.ac.uk/support/self-help/email_setup/settingupemail/thunderbird/
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
install fcitx
<code>sudo apt install fcitx fcitx-googlepinyin</code>
After that, launch Language Support utility and select use Fcitx:
Finally restart your computer and you’ll see a keyboard icon in panel. Go to Configure (see menu in the top picture) and do:
click the bottom left plus icon. uncheck “show current language” scroll down and choose an IM you want finally click OK.
Install fcitx > sudo apt install fcitx fcitx-googlepinyin fcitx-table-wbpy fcitx-pinyin fcitx-sunpinyin
http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2016/07/2-best-chinese-pinyin-im-ubuntu-16-04/
https://www.linuxbabe.com/ubuntu/install-resilio-sync-ubuntu-16-04-16-10
To reset login and password settings, follow these steps:
Quit Sync and close WebUI.
Go to the Sync storage folder Linux packages:
var/lib/resilio-sync if launched as default rslsync user. /home/username.config/resilio-sync/storage if launched as current user.
Locate and remove the following files:
settings.dat settings.dat.old
Once the files are removed, restart Sync, open WebUI and enter your new login and password.
<dt>chmod</dt>
<dd>is the command and system call which may change the access permissions to file system objects.</dd>
<dt>systemctl</dt>
<dd>Control the systemd system and service manager</dd>
<dt>make</dt>
<dd>a build automation tool that automatically builds</dd>
executable programs and libraries from source code
<dt>dpkg</dt>
<dd>a package manager for <code>Debian-based</code> systems.</dd>
It can install, remove, and build packages, but unlike other package management systems, it cannot automatically download and install packages or their dependencies.
<dt>(no term)</dt>
<dd>you can install a local .deb ile by entering:</dd>
sudo dpkg -i example.deb
Change=example.deb=to the actual file name of the local .deb file you wish to install.
2 . Uninstalling a package can be accomplished by:
sudo dpkg -r zip
Uninstalling packages using dpkg, in most cases, is NOT recommended. It is better to use a package manager that handles dependencies to ensure that the system is in a consistent state. For example using dpkg -r zip will remove the zip package, but any packages that depend on it will still be installed and may no longer function correctly.
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/dpkg.html.en
>f95 waketudk.f dynaero.f #compile TUDK model >f95 wakegh.f dynaero.f # GH model
sudo apt-get update # Fetches the list of available updates sudo apt-get upgrade # Strictly upgrades the current packages sudo apt-get dist-upgrade # Installs updates (new ones)
Installing Resilio Sync on Ubuntu 16.04 and Ubuntu 16.10 via Official Repository
Open up a terminal window and edit the sources.list file with nano or your preferred text editor.
>> sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Append the following APT line at the end of this file.
>> deb http://linux-packages.resilio.com/resilio-sync/deb resilio-sync non-free Save and close the file.
In order for APT to authenticate packages from the above repository, we need to import Resilio Sync’s public key. First download the public key with wget.
>> wget https://linux-packages.resilio.com/resilio-sync/key.asc
Then import the public key with apt-key.
>> sudo apt-key add key.asc
update local package index and install Resilio Sync.
>> sudo apt update
>> sudo apt install resilio-sync
Managing Resilio Sync
To start Resilio Sync, use systemctl command.
sudo systemctl start resilio-sync
And enable auto start at boot time using the following command:
sudo systemctl enable resilio-sync
Check its status.
systemctl status resilio-sync
jack Ali
cd #change directory format: cd [option] [directory] cd ./ #current folder cd .. # upper folder cd ~ #home directory pwd #print working directory mkdir #make directory rmdir #remove directory cd - #last directory
ls #list files/folder in the current directory
cp #copy rm #remove mv #move
Working with the Shell
extension: <code>.sh</code>
I have a script called foo.sh in my home folder.
When I navigate to this folder, and enter ./foo.sh, I get
-bash: ./foo.sh: Permission denied.
When I use sudo ./foo.sh, I get
sudo: foo.sh: command not found.
Why does this happen and how I can fix it?
If your btsync is run by the user named btsync, you should actually add your folder's owner to btsync:
chown -R btsync foldername
Or if you're using resilio you should change folder owner to relsync:
chown -R rslsync foldername
Author: kemina
Created: 2019-03-19 Tue 22:26
Emacs 24.5.1 (Org mode 8.2.10)
Validate
![sudo apt-get update 出錯 Updating from such a repository can‘t be done securely, and is therefore[圖]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)