Like的操作,有點像in,但是,方向變了。什麼意思呢。就是你給定一個字元串,去尋找資料中某個字段包含這個字元串。就是給定的字元串是某字段的子集。Sql Script是這麼寫的。
Selec * from table where id like '%AD%'
Selec * from table where id like '%AD'
Selec * from table where id like 'AD%'
上面的%是通配符,表示,該字段含有某個值,不知道的位置使用%代替。第一個是表示中間一段是AD,兩頭不清楚。第二個是結尾是AD,前面的不清楚。第三個相反,開頭是AD,結尾不清楚。其對應的Linq 語句為
var q = (from c in db.Customers
where c.CustomerID.Contains("ROUT")
select c).ToList();
其生成的sql為
SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactT
itle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Coun
try], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE [t0].[CustomerID] LIKE @p0
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 6; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [%ROUT%]
以ISSA結尾,頭部通配:
where c.CustomerID.EndsWith("ISSA")
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 5; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [%ISSA]
以ARO開始,尾部通配:
where c.CustomerID.StartsWith("ARO")
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 4; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [ARO%]
Linq 還提供了一種方法,叫做SqlMethods.Like,需要先添加System.Data.Linq.SqlClient名稱空間。上面的三個可以寫成
where SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "%ROUT%")
這裡,你需要自己填寫通配符,告訴Linq你是如何比對。比如
where SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "%ISSA")
再比如:
where SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "ARO%")
SqlMethods.Like最奇妙的地方,莫過于,自己定義的通配表達式,你可以在任何地方實作通配。比如
where SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "A%O%T")
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 5; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [A%O%T]
就是最标準的知道以A開頭,以T結尾,中間知道一個值O,其他就什麼不知道了。就用這個。
SQL Server 定義了四種通配符,在這裡都可以使用。它們是:
Wildcard character Description Example
% Any string of zero or more characters. WHERE title LIKE '%computer%' finds all book titles with the word 'computer' anywhere in the book title.
_ (underscore) Any single character. WHERE au_fname LIKE '_ean' finds all four-letter first names that end with ean (Dean, Sean, and so on).
[ ] Any single character within the specified range ([a-f]) or set ([abcdef]). WHERE au_lname LIKE '[C-P]arsen' finds author last names ending with arsen and beginning with any single character between C and P, for example Carsen, Larsen, Karsen, and so on.
[^] Any single character not within the specified range ([^a-f]) or set ([^abcdef]). WHERE au_lname LIKE 'de[^l]%' all author last names beginning with de and where the following letter is not l.
%表示零長度或任意長度的字元串。_表示一個字元。[]表示在某範圍區間的一個字元。[^]表示不在某範圍區間的一個字元
比如:
where SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "A_O_T")
就用_代表一個字元。其生成sql為
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 5; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [A_O_T]
對于Not Like,也很簡單,加個取非就是。
where !SqlMethods.Like(c.CustomerID, "A_O_T")
SqlMethods.Like還有一個參數,叫escape Character,其将會被翻譯成類似下面的語句。
SELECT columns FROM table WHERE
column LIKE '%\%%' ESCAPE '\'
escape 是因為某字段中含有特殊字元,比如%,_ [ ]這些被用作通配符的。這時就要用到Escape了。這是sql server的事情了。