天天看點

“Connection refused” vs “No route to host”

曾經在http://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/42496583這篇博文中提到一個端口連接配接的驗證:

[email protected]$telnet 172.101.19.57 1521

Trying 172.101.19.57...

telnet: connect to address 172.101.19.57: No route to host

如果端口未開,實際報錯:

[email protected]$telnet 172.27.19.56 1521

Trying 172.27.19.56...

telnet: connect to address 172.27.19.56: Connection refused

是不是防火牆的問題???

從資料庫伺服器關閉防火牆:

[root@dcsopen2Node ~]# service iptables stop

iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [  OK  ]

iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: nat mangle filter [  OK  ]

iptables: Unloading modules: [  OK  ]

再從遠端機器執行:

[email protected]$telnet 172.101.19.571521

Connected to 172.101.19.57.

Escape character is '^]'.

說明端口已開,更重要的是,明确了,就是防火牆問題。”

通過實驗再次說明下“Connection refused”和“No route to host”的差別和問題診斷思路。

首先,網上有篇文章說明“Connection refused” vs “No route to host”(http://superuser.com/questions/720851/connection-refused-vs-no-route-to-host):

"Connection refused" means that the target machine actively rejected the connection. With port 80 as the context, one of the following things is likely the reason:

    Nothing is listening on 127.0.0.1:80 and 132.70.6.157:80

    Nothing is listening on *:80

    The firewall is blocking the connection with REJECT

So check your Apache and iptables config.

"No route to host" refers to a network problem. It is not a reply from the target machine.

說的是“Connection refused”是目标主機明确拒絕了這次連接配接,有可能是該端口沒有啟動監聽,或者因為防火牆。“No route to host”則可能是一個網絡問題,不是目标主機的回複。

一個實驗模拟:

用戶端機器ip:172.1.1.1

目标機ip:172.1.2.1

1. 從用戶端telnet目标機的一個已啟動端口1521,但防火牆中未添加例外。

從172.1.1.1 telnet 172.1.2.1 1521,提示no route to host。

Trying 172.1.2.1...

telnet: connect to address 172.1.2.1: No route to host

在防火牆配置中iptables添加1521端口,telnet正常。

2. 從用戶端telnet目标機的一個未啟動監聽的端口

172.1.2.1的10001端口沒有啟用,netstat -an | grep 10001不存在。

從172.1.1.1 telnet 172.1.2.1 10001,提示connection refused。

Trying 172.1.2.1...

telnet: connect to address 172.1.2.1: Connection refused

結論:說明No route to host是防火牆的傳回,先經過防火牆,不管端口有沒有。然後如果通過了防火牆,但監聽未啟動,則提示Connection refused的錯誤。