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JSP編譯成Servlet(五)JDT Compiler編譯器

通過JSP編譯器編譯後生成了對應的java檔案,接下去要把Java檔案編譯成class檔案。對于這部分完全沒有必要重新造輪子,常見的優秀編譯工具有Eclipse JDT Java編譯器和Ant編譯器。Tomcat其實是同時支援兩個編譯器的,通過配置可以選擇,而預設是使用Eclipse JDT編譯器。

通過調用這些現成的編譯器的API就可以友善地實作對java檔案的編譯,由于兩個編譯器功能基本一樣,我們就挑預設編輯器看下它是如何進行編譯的,下面僅看如何用Eclipse JDT編譯器編譯java檔案。

Eclipse JDT提供了Compiler類用于編譯,它的構造函數比較複雜,如下所示,其實就是實作自定義構造函數包含的參數即基本完成了編譯工作。

public Compiler(

  INameEnvironment environment,

  IErrorHandlingPolicy policy,

  CompilerOptions options,

  final ICompilerRequestor requestor,

  IProblemFactory problemFactory) {

}

為了說明友善直接上一個簡單的編譯實作,如下:

public class JDTCompile {

    private static final File WORKDIR = new File("D:\\Program Files\\tomcat7\\work\\Catalina\\localhost\\test");

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        INameEnvironment nameEnvironment = new INameEnvironment() {

            public NameEnvironmentAnswer findType(final char[][] compoundTypeName) {

                return findType(join(compoundTypeName));

            }

            public NameEnvironmentAnswer findType(final char[] typeName, final char[][] packageName) {

                return findType(join(packageName) + "." + new String(typeName));

            private NameEnvironmentAnswer findType(final String name) {

                File file = new File(WORKDIR, name.replace('.', '/') + ".java");

                if (file.isFile()) {

                    return new NameEnvironmentAnswer(new CompilationUnit(file), null);

                }

                try {

                    InputStream input =

                            this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(name.replace(".", "/") + ".class");

                    if (input != null) {

                        byte[] bytes = IOUtils.toByteArray(input);

                        if (bytes != null) {

                            ClassFileReader classFileReader = new ClassFileReader(bytes, name.toCharArray(), true);

                            return new NameEnvironmentAnswer(classFileReader, null);

                        }

                    }

                } catch (ClassFormatException e) {

                    throw new RuntimeException(e);

                } catch (IOException e) {

                return null;

            public boolean isPackage(char[][] parentPackageName, char[] packageName) {

                String name = new String(packageName);

                if (parentPackageName != null) {

                    name = join(parentPackageName) + "." + name;

                File target = new File(WORKDIR, name.replace('.', '/'));

                return !target.isFile();

            public void cleanup() {}

        };

        ICompilerRequestor compilerRequestor = new ICompilerRequestor() {

            public void acceptResult(CompilationResult result) {

                if (result.hasErrors()) {

                    for (IProblem problem : result.getErrors()) {

                        String className = new String(problem.getOriginatingFileName()).replace("/", ".");

                        className = className.substring(0, className.length() - 5);

                        String message = problem.getMessage();

                        if (problem.getID() == IProblem.CannotImportPackage) {

                            message = problem.getArguments()[0] + " cannot be resolved";

                        throw new RuntimeException(className + ":" + message);

                ClassFile[] clazzFiles = result.getClassFiles();

                for (int i = 0; i < clazzFiles.length; i++) {

                    String clazzName = join(clazzFiles[i].getCompoundName());

                    File target = new File(WORKDIR, clazzName.replace(".", "/") + ".class");

                    try {

                        FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(target, clazzFiles[i].getBytes());

                    } catch (IOException e) {

                        throw new RuntimeException(e);

        IProblemFactory problemFactory = new DefaultProblemFactory(Locale.ENGLISH);

        IErrorHandlingPolicy policy = DefaultErrorHandlingPolicies.exitOnFirstError();

        org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.Compiler jdtCompiler =

                new org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.Compiler(nameEnvironment, policy, getCompilerOptions(),

                        compilerRequestor, problemFactory);

        jdtCompiler

                .compile(new ICompilationUnit[] {new CompilationUnit(new File(WORKDIR, "org\\apache\\jsp\\HelloWorld_jsp.java"))});

    }

    public static CompilerOptions getCompilerOptions() {

        Map settings = new HashMap();

        String javaVersion = CompilerOptions.VERSION_1_7;

        settings.put(CompilerOptions.OPTION_Source, javaVersion);

        settings.put(CompilerOptions.OPTION_Compliance, javaVersion);

        return new CompilerOptions(settings);

    private static class CompilationUnit implements ICompilationUnit {

        private File file;

        public CompilationUnit(File file) {

            this.file = file;

        }

        public char[] getContents() {

            try {

                return FileUtils.readFileToString(file).toCharArray();

            } catch (IOException e) {

                throw new RuntimeException(e);

        public char[] getMainTypeName() {

            return file.getName().replace(".java", "").toCharArray();

        public char[][] getPackageName() {

            String fullPkgName = this.file.getParentFile().getAbsolutePath().replace(WORKDIR.getAbsolutePath(), "");

            fullPkgName = fullPkgName.replace("/", ".").replace("\\", ".");

            if (fullPkgName.startsWith("."))

                fullPkgName = fullPkgName.substring(1);

            String[] items = fullPkgName.split("[.]");

            char[][] pkgName = new char[items.length][];

            for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {

                pkgName[i] = items[i].toCharArray();

            return pkgName;

        public boolean ignoreOptionalProblems() {

            return false;

        public char[] getFileName() {

            return this.file.getName().toCharArray();

    private static String join(char[][] chars) {

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        for (char[] item : chars) {

            if (sb.length() > 0) {

                sb.append(".");

            sb.append(item);

        return sb.toString();

為了更好了解,我們根據構造函數的參數分别看看,

①INameEnvironment接口,主要需要實作的方法是findType和isPackage,findType是幫助JDT找到相應的java源檔案或者class位元組碼,根據傳進來的包名和類名去尋找。例如傳入“java.lang.String”或“org.apache.jsp.HelloWorld_jsp”則分别要找到JDK自帶的String位元組碼及tomcat中編譯的HelloWorld_jsp.java檔案。接着按要求封裝這些對象傳回JDT規定的NameEnvironmentAnswer對象。而isPackage則提供是否是包的判斷。

②IErrorHandlingPolicy接口,用于描述錯誤政策,可直接使用DefaultErrorHandlingPolicies.exitOnFirstError(),表示第一個錯誤就退出編譯。

③CompilerOptions對象,指定編譯時的一些參數,例如這裡指定編譯的Java版本為1.7。

④ICompilerRequestor接口,它隻有一個acceptResult方法,這個方法用于處理編譯後的結果,如果包含了錯誤資訊則抛異常,否則則把編譯成功的位元組碼寫到指定路徑的HelloWorld_jsp.class檔案中,即生成位元組碼。

⑤IProblemFactory接口,主要是控制編譯錯誤資訊的格式。

所有Compiler構造函數需要的參數對象都已經具備,傳入這些參數後建立一個Compiler對象,然後調用compile方法即可對指定的java檔案進行編譯。這裡完成了HelloWorld_jsp.java的編譯,結果生成了HelloWorld_jsp.class位元組碼。實際的tomcat中基本也是類似這樣使用JDT實作servlet的編譯,但它使用的某些政策可能不相同,例如使用DefaultErrorHandlingPolicies.proceedWithAllProblems()作為錯誤政策。

通過這兩章節“從JSP到Servlet”及“從Servlet到class位元組碼”,我們已經清楚tomcat對JSP編譯處理的整個過程了,先根據JSP文法解析生成類似xxxx.java的Servlet,然後再通過Eclipse JDT對xxxx.java編譯,最後生成了JVM能識别的class位元組碼。

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