The motives for tomb robbery are various, if the tomb is robbed out of national interests, how to evaluate it?
After the "9.18" incident, the country was in trouble, and it was absolutely not a slave to the country! A Manchu leader pulled up an anti-Japanese team in Beijing, but suffering from lack of guns and funds, decided to dig his ancestral grave, the tomb of the Manchu prince who was buried with the richness. After all, robbing tombs and digging ancestral graves is contrary to traditional ethics, should it be? Right? But for the sake of justice, for the sake of the compatriots, for the sake of the nation, for the sake of the country, should a positive evaluation be given? The matter has been hidden, and seventy years later CCTV finally made it public...
Photo: Old anti-Japanese photographs
The "National Anti-Japanese Army" robbed tombs to resist Japan
The protagonist of the event: Zhao Tong
Biography: Manchu, commander of the "National Anti-Japanese Army" (Anti-Japanese Student Army) operating in the Changping area of Beiping during the Republic of China.
Tomb robbery deeds: During the Republic of China, the tombs of qing princes in the area around Beiping were excavated.
In the case of serious challenges to the dignity of living people, the frequent occurrence of grave robbery is actually very understandable. During the Republic of China period, some soldiers robbed tombs entirely out of greed for money, which was a terrible way to make a fortune in the country and the wealth of dead people; while some went to rob tombs out of helplessness and because they did not have money to pull a team. It is for this reason that the "Xishan Anti-Japanese Guerrillas" (National Anti-Japanese Army) led by Zhao Tong robbed tombs.
Zhao Tong, who was a college student in the northeast at the time, was close to the Kuomintang politically, and his mother, Mrs. Zhao, was received by Song Meiling. After the July 7 Lugou Bridge Incident in the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), he, together with Zheng Zifeng, Bao Xutang, Gao Peng, Wang Zhili and others, pulled up a "National Anti-Japanese Army" in Baiyangcheng Village, Changping District, Beijing. Zhao Tong served as commander, Zheng Zifeng as deputy commander, and Chang Jiwu as chief of staff.
Pictured: The anti-Japanese contingent formed by the people lacks guns and ammunition and equipment
At that time, Zhao Tong excavated the tomb of Wang Ye in the suburbs of Beijing, excavated the buried treasures, and raised funds for the anti-Japanese resistance. This history is relatively secretive. It was not until January 9, 2011, 74 years later, that Zhao Tong's "tomb robbery story" was made public by the state media in a CCTV program called "Looking for a Student Army".
The "National Anti-Japanese Army" was active in the suburbs of Beiping and the Xishan area, because most of the teams were young students, and later generations called it the "student army". Later, when Nie Rongzhen formed the Jin-Cha-Ji Military Region, it was reorganized into the Fifth Jin-Cha-Ji Detachment and became an anti-Japanese force under the leadership of the CPC.
It is not enough to have enthusiasm for the war against Japan, but also to have financial resources. At that time, the student army had no rear and no reliance, the supply of food and medicine had become a big problem, and the student army was unwilling to learn from bandits to rob the people's belongings. In this way, Zhao Dong thought of the tomb of Wang Ye near Baiyang City and decided to borrow money from the dead.
Pictured: The Qingwangye Cemetery of Aries City, which was stolen by the student army, has been abandoned
Baiyang City, located at the foot of Wufeng Mountain, a branch of Yanshan Mountain, is the cemetery of the Qingwangfu, with two tombs, the Nangong and the North Palace (also known as the South Camp and the North Camp). The North Palace is backed by Wufeng Mountain, sitting west to east, and is buried with the seventeenth son of the Qianlong Emperor, Prince Qingxuan, Yongxuan; the Southern Palace is buried with Yongxuan's third son, Mianxuan.
Yong Xuan is a typical prince. According to the Qing Dynasty Zhaozong's "Continuation of the Xiaoting Pavilion" volume 5 "Qing shu wang" article, Yong Xuan "did not read much, liked music, and was good at swimming", and still entertained himself with sound and color when he was old. The Qianlong Emperor was particularly disliked by him, and at one point demoted him to "Baylor". But he has a good one, and does not fight for power. The crown princes all wanted to inherit the throne, but Yong Xuan never wanted to, and once he laughed at himself: "Let the emperor be as many as the rain falls, and he will not be able to drop on top of me." But if the brothers see mercy and give them the residence of he, I wish it is enough! Later, the fifteenth brother Became Emperor (Jiaqing Emperor), punished Hezhen, really gave him the mansion of Hezhen, and named him "King of Qingjun", and walked in the inner court.
In March 1820 (the twenty-fifth year of Jiaqing), Yongxuan became seriously ill and was crowned prince, and died on the thirteenth day of the same month at the age of 55, and was buried in the North Palace of Baiyangcheng.
Photo: The tomb of Prince Yongxuan of Qingxi, who was stolen by the student army (built in recent years)
Pictured: The tomb of Prince Yongxuan of Qingxi, who was stolen by the student army, has been abandoned, the picture shows the back room of the underground palace, and the robbery hole above is not known whether it was dug by the student army, and the soil leaked in from above.
The last prince buried in Aries City was Yi Li. This person was a major minister of the late Qing Dynasty, who served as Guangxu's prime minister for state affairs and xuantong's cabinet chancellor, and participated in many important events in China's modern history. In 1900 (the 26th year of Guangxu), the Eight-Power Alliance invaded Beijing. That unequal treaty, the Treaty of Xinugu, was signed by Yi Xi on behalf of the Qing government.
After the Xinhai Revolution, like Puyi, Yi Li moved to Tianjin. In the first month of 1917 (the sixth year of the Republic of China), Yi Xi fell ill and died at the age of 80, and was buried in a luxurious tomb on the northeast side of the North Palace of Aries City. It is said that Yi Li spent a total of 125,000 taels of silver to build this tomb.
After entering the Republic of China, the warlords were in a scuffle, and the tomb of wang ye in Baiyang City was constantly disturbed by the warlords. Local tomb robbers will not be idle, waiting for the opportunity to excavate them. The first to start the idea of Wang Ye's tomb here was not Zhao Dong's student army, but the local tomb robbers.
Pictured: The tomb of Prince Yongxuan of Qingxi, who was stolen by the student army, has been abandoned, and the door of the underground palace room has been abandoned
Because of the armed care, the local tomb robbers were not successful. Just after the local tomb robbers beat Zhang Houlun, who was in charge of watching the tomb, to death, and the qingwang tomb was taken care of out of control, Zhao Dong's student army took the opportunity to come.
Zhao Tong and Zheng Zifeng did not have the patience to dig up the ground with a Luoyang shovel, and directly used explosives to blow up the tombs of the Qingwangfu Cemetery one by one. According to statistics afterwards, a total of 22 of the tombs of Qingwangfu IV were stolen, and all the buried treasures inside were looted by the student army.
According to Zhou Zhenyu, the former deputy secretary of baiyangcheng village of the CPC, who is more than 70 years old, in a CCTV program, the decision to rob the tomb was discussed, and there were different opinions inside. Zhao Tong was a Manchu, and finally decided to rob the tomb of wang ye - dig his own ancestral grave.
Before the tomb robbery, Zhao Dong and a group of other people arrived at the scene, and at that time, they also carried out a prayer ceremony: they loaded a liter of grain, used this as an incense burner to burn incense, and bought snacks to offer, and everyone prostrated their heads in turn. Zhao Tong took the lead in making a wish——
Pictured: The tomb of Prince Yongxuan of Qingxi, who was stolen by the student army, has been abandoned, and the picture shows the Hall of Enjoyment, three rooms, and the green tile hard mountain top
"Now that the country is in trouble, the three eastern provinces have fallen, and northern China has been occupied by the Japanese, we are determined to resist Japan, we lack money, you are our ancestors, first borrow your gold, money and treasures, buy guns and ammunition to resist Japan, and after the victory of the anti-Japanese war, we will return them as much as possible..."
In addition to the Qingwangfu Cemetery in Changping, the Tomb of the Seven Kings located at Miaofeng Peak in Haidian District was also stolen by Zhao Dong.
This seven kings were named Yi, the seventh son of the Daoguang Emperor, very powerful, commonly known as the "Seven Kings", and his original wife (DafuJin) was Cixi's sister Wanzhen. Because of this relationship, the second son Zai Xiang (Guangxu Emperor) and grandson Puyi (Xuantong Emperor's biological father was Yi's fifth son Zaifeng) successively became emperors.
Pictured: The tomb of Prince Yongxuan of Qingxi, who was stolen by the student army, has been abandoned, and stone components are scattered on the ground
In November 1890 (the sixteenth year of Guangxu), Yi died of illness at the age of 51 and was buried in Miaofeng, near the Bei'an River in Haidian District. It is said that this feng shui treasure land is Yi's own favorite, and after the investigation of the Gongbu Shilang for many years, it is set as the auspicious land in a hundred years. The son is the emperor, and the funeral specifications of Lao Tzu will naturally not be low, and the burial goods will not be less.
At the beginning of Zhao Tong's leading students to go up the mountain to fight guerrilla warfare, they saw the rich burial items in the "Tomb of the Seven Kings" in this area and dug up the grave. After all, Zhao Tong is not a professional tomb robber, and may not have been profitable, and the villagers who took care of the cemetery afterwards also fished some beads from the water and sold them to the drug store.