Introduction: The State of Qin and the State of Wei are adjacent, why have they always been enemies; the State of Wei is powerful and the first to fight the State of Qin, and the rise of the State of Qin and the opening of the Sword of the State of Wei, what is the vendetta, what resentment? Starting from the neighboring countries and the Bashu region, we analyzed the reasons for the deep resentment between Qin and Wei, and the interests determined everything
In the film and television drama "The Fission of the Great Qin Empire", the first thing that appears in front of the audience is that Qin Mugong led the Qin army to fight with the State of Wei, and finally was wounded by an arrow, and the Xiangguo Gong uncle of the State of Wei was captured by the State of Qin; but this war was only a war in many wars between Qin and Wei; it can be seen that the Warring States Era is the synonym of the war.
In the warring states era of great chaos, there was no fixed friendly relationship between the princely states and the princely states, there was no eternal friend, only eternal interests, and when faced with the choice of interests, your allies may also become enemies; therefore, in the Warring States era, the relationship between the seven princely states was good and bad, these are ordinary things, there will be no two countries will always be allies, and there will not be two countries that will always be enemies.
The State of Wei was the first powerful state in the Warring States period, and also the first hegemon of the Warring States, but after the State of Wei became strong, it stubbornly bit the State of Qin, the reason is that the two countries of Qin and Wei are feuds, from the three families to the Jin, the relationship between the State of Wei and the State of Qin is not very relaxed; in the process of development, these two countries are also constantly fighting, and even regard each other as the primary target of annexation in the process of their own strength and development.
So why did the two countries of Wei and Qin have such a tense relationship? Why have they almost always emerged in the midst of the competition for development? Today, we have analyzed this problem in a key way, and to see why the Qin and Wei states have accumulated deep grievances.
In order to maintain its hegemonic position, the State of Wei needed to expand its territory and compete for population
In fact, the enmity between the two countries also needs to start from the State of Wei, which became the hegemon in the early warring states of the princes, at that time, it urgently needed to expand its territory, needed to consolidate its own national strength, and at the same time carried out the Li Wu Transformation Law, the domestic economy suddenly became strong, it needed to have enough permanent population to carry out a virtuous circle of economic development, so annexing the land of other countries and accommodating the population of other countries became its primary choice.
The State of Wei had just become strong, and naturally needed to choose a country that was sure to deal with, and just at that time, the State of Qin was the weakest of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, and the strength of the State of Qin was huge compared with that of the State of Wei, and naturally it became the first target on the road to the prosperity of the State of Wei; after all, at that time, the State of Wei was only the most sure to attack the State of Qin.
The State of Qi was economically rich, the Land of Chu was vast, and the two countries of Han and Zhao were of the same origin as the State of Wei (the State of Wei did not dare to move)
In addition to the State of Qin, the strength of other countries is very strong, for example, the State of Qi is a big country on the coast of the East China Sea, has a natural advantage in economic development, at the same time the State of Qi is a country with a very deep foundation, the Spring and Autumn Three Small Hegemons, the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons have the figure of the State of Qi, its national strength is strong, attacking such a big country, the State of Wei has no certainty of victory.
The state of Chu in the south is also a large and vast princely country, the state of Chu has a vast territory, has a strategic depth, a large population, and has always been regarded as a princely power, the State of Wei does not have a 100% certainty that it can be an enemy of the State of Chu; and the State of Yan is remote, and the State of Wei is far away, and it is not suitable as the object of attack of the State of Wei.
Although the Zhao Kingdom and the Republic of Korea are three countries after the Jin Dynasty, it is also because the establishment of the first time to flourish, not only that, there is another reason, the Zhao State and the South Korean and Wei State are all from the same Jin State, they are actually the same family in the origin, the Wei State in the stage of its establishment with its own zhao state and South Korea is not a good choice.
The state of Qin was weak and close to the state of Wei, and became the first target to be attacked
Therefore, the State of Qin became the primary target of attack of the State of Wei, from the rise of the State of Wei at the time of The Marquis of Wei Wu to the emergence of Wei Wu after the implementation of the Law of Li Wu, in this process, the State of Qin can be said to have suffered greatly; not only suffered huge losses on the land, but also lost a large number of people because of the inability of the state to do anything, making this already poor and weak country even worse, and its economic development was even more seriously hindered; in this way, the State of Wei had a more advantageous advantage in fighting against the State of Qin.
Therefore, the weakness of the Qin state and the inevitable needs of the development of the Wei state are all one of the reasons why the State of Wei first chose the State of Qin as the target of attack, and it was also the first factor in the deep hatred between the State of Qin and the State of Wei; in fact, the reason why Qin Xiaogong endured humiliation and burden and exchanged land for peace to prepare for the subsequent changes was also so that the State of Qin could have a great day in the world and overthrow the State of Wei, in order to comfort the spirit of the ancestors of the Qin State in the past.
The State of Wei was a land of four wars, with a harsh geopolitical environment and nowhere to escape
At that time, the State of Wei was located in the core area of the Central Plains, such a geographical location was very strategic, the State of Wei had the advantage of geography and geopolitics, but at the same time it was located in the core area of the Central Plains, known as the hinterland of the world; it meant that it was a country wrapped in major princely states, and it was a typical place of four wars.
If the State of Wei becomes strong, it will certainly arouse the envy of the major surrounding princely states, and if the major princely states unite to attack it, or if the State of Wei is poor and weak and bullied by the strong powers, then it will not even have a way to escape.
Therefore, at that time, the State of Wei actually urgently needed to fight a way to survive in the encirclement of the major princely states; among the enemies of these four sides, the state strength of the State of Qin was the weakest, so the State of Qin must be the first to bear the brunt of it; this was actually a reason for the enmity between the State of Qin and the State of Wei, and if the State of Wei wanted to break the geographical restraint and improve the defects of geographical location, it was inevitable to choose the weakest country of the State of Qin to attack.
In this way, the two countries will inevitably have conflicts of interest, and hatred will also arise; in fact, at that time, the Qin state was almost opened up by the State of Wei, and the capital of the State of Qin was also moved again and again, almost moving to the minority areas in the west at that time, and even the Hangu Pass, which was easy to defend and difficult to attack, was snatched away by the Wei people, so the Qin people must be resentful.
The State of Wei wanted to seize the Agricultural Region of Bashu, and crossing the State of Qin was the best choice
Another point is that there was a Bashu region behind the Qin state at that time, and the Bashu region was a region with very rich agricultural economic development, although the transportation between the Bashu region and the Central Plains had not yet been opened up at that time, but the major princely states in the Central Plains did not stop coveting the Bashu region for a moment.
Every princely state is very clear that in such a time period, the agricultural economy means the lifeblood of the country's economic development, and if the agricultural economy can be developed, then the country's economic income will be guaranteed, and the people's lives will be guaranteed, not only to support the improvement of military strength, but also to help the people live and work in peace and contentment, thus contributing to the stability of the country and society.
Therefore, the Bashu region, which has a natural advantage in the development of agricultural economy, was once regarded as a bag by the major princely states in the Central Plains, especially the neighboring Chu, Qin and Zhao states, but because of geographical factors, these countries have insurmountable geographical obstacles with the Bashu region, so in the Warring States period, the Bashu region can still be safe and sound.
However, such a natural granary will naturally not be abandoned by such a superpower as the State of Wei, but the State of Wei and the Bashu region do not have adjacent places, and if you want to conquer the Bashu region, you will have to cross other princely states; in this way, it must be more difficult, and perhaps it will encounter a joint crusade of other princely states, and finally let yourself lose more than you lose.
Therefore, it is necessary to first eliminate a country that is between its own Bashu region, and the Zhao state has the same source as itself, and it is naturally difficult to do anything; the State of Chu is a country with a very historical background; the State of Wei is not completely sure that it can fight with the State of Chu, so it naturally aimed its spearhead at the relatively weak Qin State at that time, and the Qin State was the closest connection with the Bashu region, and if it occupied the Qin State, it would be better able to send troops to the Bashu region, so countless wars broke out between the State of Wei and the Qin State because of this purpose The State of Qin was also hit hard, and the enmity between the two countries became even deeper.
During the reign of Duke Xiao of Qin, shang changed the law, and after the qin state became strong, it began to retaliate against the state of Wei
Before Qin Xiaogong, the State of Qin had been suppressed by the State of Wei, and Qin Mugong desperately threw a battle with the State of Wei, and as a result, he was killed by an arrow; as the saying goes, where there was oppression, there would be resistance, and there would be anti-oppression after becoming strong; after The Duke of Qin Xiaogong, the State of Qin experienced the Transformation of the Shang Martingale and quickly became stronger, and like the previous State of Wei, the State of Qin also pointed the spearhead at the State of Wei.
In one of the wars, Shang Martin used ruse to deceive the Gongzi Jie at that time, causing the Wei army to suffer huge losses, this time the people of the Qin state were naturally overjoyed, but the people of the Wei state were not in such a good mood, naturally they regarded the Qin people as their enemies, and the hatred between the two countries was further deepened.
The scramble for natural dangers was also the reason for the outbreak of war and resentment between Qin and Wei
In fact, the reason why these two countries have so many wars is because they have the most conflicts of interest, whether it is Hangu Pass or Kunshan, it is a natural danger between these two countries, and it is also a weapon used by these two countries to restrain each other, so no matter who it is, they do not want to give up such a tool.
Therefore, since the founding of the State of Wei, there have been countless wars with the State of Qin in the Hexi region such as Hanguguan, and there will be casualties in wars, and naturally the relationship between the two countries will become rigid.
Wei Guoqiang wanted to take the Qin state to open the knife, and the rise of the Qin state saw the Wei state as a springboard for entering the Central Plains
In fact, these two countries have always been relatively hostile in the process of development, because in the early warring states period, the State of Wei prided itself on its own strength, did not take the State of Qin in its eyes, and regarded it as its primary target of attack; and in the middle and late period of the Warring States, the State of Qin became strong, and for the shame of being bullied by the State of Wei before Yixue, it was even more incompatible with the State of Wei.
At the same time, after the Qin state became strong, it also regarded the state of Wei as a springboard on its way to the east, and only by removing the dagger inserted in the heart of the state of Wei could the state of Qin unscrupulously go out of the world and better suppress the six kingdoms of Shandong. Therefore, whether it is the State of Qin or the State of Wei, they regard each other as objects that must be annexed on their own development path. Therefore, at any time, neither country can become an ally.
discuss
The only time qin and Wei united was during the Le Yi Dynasty, taking into account the face of the Yan state
And the real history is also the same, the only union between the two countries was when the King of Yan zhao, Le Yi, was in qi, but that time was only to take into account the face of the Yan kingdom and form an alliance with the Yan country, these two countries are symbolic troops, but each other is not a well water that does not violate the river water, and it cannot be said to be a real union.
Seeing the relationship between the two countries, it is not difficult to understand why when the State of Wei lost the Battle of Maling and the Battle of Guiling, the Qin people were even happier than the Qi people, and it is impossible to understand why the later Xinling Jun stole the charm to save Zhao.
Interests determine everything, and there are no friends forever
In fact, whether it is the excessive excitement shown by the Qin people, or the Xin Lingjun later in order to resist the Qin army's stealing charm to save Zhao, it can show the intolerable relationship between the two countries, and this relationship is not accidental, after all, the Warring States era is an era of seeking benefits for their own country, it is an era of the weak and the strong, which country can have better development opportunities, which country can have more powerful strength. Then which country can occupy a dominant position in the relationship between the state for a period of time.
In the early warring states period, the Wei state was strong and powerful, and whether to fight or decide with the Qin state, but in the late Warring States period, the Qin state rose rapidly and became the most powerful princely state among the seven warring states. This can also see the influence of the country's strength on the country's movements.
Review
The author thinks
The tense relationship between the State of Wei and the State of Qin was not formed overnight, but was inevitably determined by the walking route that the two countries had chosen all along; after all, there were so many resources that the Central Plains could provide for development, and if a country wanted to develop, it was far from enough to rely on its own domestic land and population, and it had to squeeze the development resources of other princely states to achieve its goal of becoming strong, and to become the object of the final sweep of the Six Kingdoms to unify the Central Plains.
Therefore, whether the Qin state develops and grows, or the Wei state develops and grows, these two countries cannot find eternal allies; just like the Qin state and the Qi state, the attitude of the Qin state to the State of Qi in the Warring States era has always been relatively friendly, and basically there has been no frontal war with the State of Qi, because the State of Qi and the State of Qin do not have land directly connected to it, and it cannot obtain any direct benefits from the State of Qi, so its attitude towards the State of Qi has always been relatively friendly.
However, the State of Wei was involved in the vital interests of the State of Qin, and at the same time it was a barrier for the State of Qin to go out of the world in the east, and the State of Qin naturally would not have any friendly relations with the State of Wei, after all, the State of Wei was an important factor that could affect the development of the strength of the State of Qin; for the State of Wei, the country that could not resist that was oppressed by itself in the early period of the Warring States suddenly became a country that could defeat itself in one fell swoop, and naturally it was unwilling.
At the same time, the State of Wei also knew very well that if the State of Qin became strong, then its own national development and Zongmiao Sheji would be seriously threatened, so it was impossible for it to reach friendly relations with the State of Qin and allow the State of Qin to develop and grow. In short, the state-to-state relationship between the two countries is determined by many factors, which is the same as some of our current international relations, no matter what kind of two countries do not have a permanent fixed relationship, and the relationship between the two countries is often determined not by the attitude of the leader, but by the vital interests between the two countries.
Therefore, whoever can control the lifeblood of interests can grasp the leading power in a relationship; this is actually a reflection given to us by history, how to control interests, how to control their own destiny, how to dominate a period of state-to-state relations, this will be the answer we can find in history, and it is also the answer that we must go to history to get.
References: Warring States Policy, Zuo Zhuan, Shi Ji, Zizhi Tongjian, Chinese, etc