lnmp #lnmp

一、获取相关开源程序：

1、安装基础包

sudo -s

lang=c

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers libevent-devel

2、下载源代码包

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.34.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.13.tar.gz

wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/0.6/php-fpm-0.6~5.2.patch

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.2-m2.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.01.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/pdo_mysql-1.0.2.tgz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagemagick.tar.gz

wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz

二、安装php 5.2.13（fastcgi模式）

1. 编译安装php 5.2.13所需的支持库：

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz

cd libiconv-1.13/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local

make

make install

cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/

./configure

/sbin/ldconfig

cd libltdl/

./configure --enable-ltdl-install

cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz

cd mhash-0.9.9.9/

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

cd mcrypt-2.6.8/

2. 编译安装mysql 5.5.2-m2

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql

/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.2-m2.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.5.2-m2/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg

make && make install

chown -r mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf（优化mysql）

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

mysqladmin -uroot –p password 'password';

delete from user where password=’’;

cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add mysqld

chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on

3. 编译安装php（fastcgi模式）

tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz

cd php-5.2.13/

patch -p1 <../php-fpm-0.6~5.2.patch

./buildconf --force

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --with-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --enable-ftp --with-libevent=shared

make zend_extra_libs='-liconv'

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

4. 编译安装php5扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz

cd memcache-2.2.5/

/usr/local/php/bin/phpize

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2

cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/

./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config

tar zxvf pdo_mysql-1.0.2.tgz

cd pdo_mysql-1.0.2/

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql

tar zxvf imagemagick.tar.gz

cd imagemagick-6.5.1-2/

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz

cd imagick-2.3.0/

5. 修改php.ini文件

手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的 extension_dir = "./"修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"

　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：

extension = "memcache.so"

extension = "pdo_mysql.so"

extension = "imagick.so"

　　再查找 output_buffering = off

　　修改为output_buffering = on

配置eaccelerator加速php：

mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache

vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

　按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

[eaccelerator]

zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"

eaccelerator.shm_size="64"

eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"

eaccelerator.enable="1"

eaccelerator.optimizer="1"

eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"

eaccelerator.debug="0"

eaccelerator.filter=""

eaccelerator.shm_max="0"

eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"

eaccelerator.shm_only="0"

eaccelerator.compress="1"

eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

6. 创建www用户和组，以及供www.carl.com虚拟主机使用的目录：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www

/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog

chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog

chown -r www:www /data0/htdocs/blog

7. 创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为php打的一个fastcgi管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php- cgi）：

在/usr/local/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

输入以下内容（如果您安装 nginx + php 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示php错误信息，否则，nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

<?xml version="1.0" ?>

all relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix

pid file

<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>

error log file

<value name="error_log">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>

log level

<value name="log_level">notice</value>

when this amount of php processes exited with sigsegv or sigbus ...

... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.

useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.

time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master

set to 'no' to debug fpm

</section>

name of pool. used in logs and stats.

<value name="name">default</value>

address to accept fastcgi requests on.

valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'

set listen(2) backlog

set permissions for unix socket, if one used.

in linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.

many bsd-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.

</value>

additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.

<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>

unix user of processes

unix group of processes

process manager settings

sets style of controling worker process count.

valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'

<value name="style">static</value>

sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.

equivalent to apache maxclients directive.

equivalent to php_fcgi_children environment in original php.fcgi

used with any pm_style.

settings group for 'apache-like' pm style

sets the number of server processes created on startup.

used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected

sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.

sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.

</value>

the timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated

should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason

'0s' means 'off'

the timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file

the log file for slow requests

set open file desc rlimit

set max core size rlimit

chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path

chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path

redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.

if not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to fastcgi specs

how much requests each process should execute before respawn.

useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.

for endless request processing please specify 0

equivalent to php_fcgi_max_requests

comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of fastcgi clients that allowed to connect.

equivalent to fcgi_web_server_addrs environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)

makes sense only with af_inet listening socket.

pass environment variables like ld_library_path

all $variables are taken from current environment

<value name="hostname">$hostname</value>

<value name="path">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>

<value name="ostype">$ostype</value>

<value name="machtype">$machtype</value>

</section>

</workers>

</configuration>

8. 启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3gb，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：

ulimit -shn 65535

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

三、安装nginx 0.8.34

1、安装nginx所需的pcre库：

tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz

cd pcre-8.01/

2、安装nginx

tar zxvf nginx-0.8.34.tar.gz

cd nginx-0.8.34/

./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

3、创建nginx配置文件

rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容：

user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;

#specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 65535;

}

http

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server

{

listen 80;

server_name www.carl.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data0/htdocs/blog;

#limit_conn crawler 20;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

{

expires 30d;

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$

expires 1h;

}

log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/carl_access.log access;

}

listen 80;

server_name status.blog.s135.com;

location / {

stub_status on;

access_log off;

}

在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

fastcgi_param gateway_interface cgi/1.1;

fastcgi_param server_software nginx;

fastcgi_param query_string $query_string;

fastcgi_param request_method $request_method;

fastcgi_param content_type $content_type;

fastcgi_param content_length $content_length;

fastcgi_param script_filename $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param script_name $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param request_uri $request_uri;

fastcgi_param document_uri $document_uri;

fastcgi_param document_root $document_root;

fastcgi_param server_protocol $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param remote_addr $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param remote_port $remote_port;

fastcgi_param server_addr $server_addr;

fastcgi_param server_port $server_port;

fastcgi_param server_name $server_name;

# php only, required if php was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param redirect_status 200;

4、启动nginx

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

四、配置开机自动启动nginx + php

vi /etc/rc.local

五、优化linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536

net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768

net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

/sbin/sysctl –p 使新添加的内核参数生效！

六、在不停止nginx服务的情况下平滑变更nginx配置

1、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：

　　the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

　　the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

　　2、平滑重启：

　　①、对于nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

②、对于nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看nginx主进程号：

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -f ' ' '{print $2}'

　　屏幕显示的即为nginx主进程号，例如：

　　6302

　　这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的nginx配置文件生效：

kill -hup 6302

　　或者无需这么麻烦，找到nginx的pid文件：

kill -hup `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`

七、编写每天定时切割nginx日志的脚本

　　1、创建脚本/usr/local/nginx/sbin /cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

　　输入以下内容：

#!/bin/bash

# this script run at 00:00

# the nginx logs path

logs_path="/usr/local/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/

mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%y%m%d").log

kill -usr1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`

　　2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

crontab -e

　输入以下内容：

00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

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