GLOBAL TIMES（环球时报）专访中国环境科学研究院院长李海生

01 气候变化是一项全球性挑战，需要各国在共同但有区别原则下共同应对。将气候问题政治化的做法，不利于全球气候合作。

02 任何国家在发展壮大过程中，难免有各种杂音，这个也是“成长”的烦恼。我们只需保持战略定力，踏踏实实做好自己的事情，最终世界各国人民还是会给予公正评价的。

03 OECD国家的现代化过程，是过去一百年大约14亿人口的现代化过程，大多走过了先污染后治理，再转嫁的老路。中国14亿人口的现代化过程，不可能再去重复OECD国家的老路，因为时代不同了！

04 实现碳达峰、碳中和，我国面临的压力比所有OECD38个国家面临的压力总和还要大很多。我国有14亿人口，与OECD38个国家的人口相当；我国目前人均GDP还不到OECD国家总体人均GDP的三分之一。OECD国家是在发达之后开始去实现碳达峰，而我国是在工业化的过程之中刚刚实现“小康”，去实现碳达峰。

05 我国的碳达峰、碳中和需要比发达国家付出更多的努力和代价，更需要科技创新去担当，更需要通过科技创新去推动能源、产业、治理理念的绿色革命。我国的环保策略将由超低排放改造转向开发新能源、采用非化石能源；污染治理更加注重源头控制与全过程治理，更加注重多污染协同治理，更加关注新污染物控制。

06 我国在实现“双碳”目标的过程中，面临着工业化和城镇化持续推进、区域发展不平衡的压力，需要统筹考虑能源安全、粮食安全、生态安全、经济安全以及社会安全等问题。

07 中美应共同打造应对气候危机的“诺亚方舟”。气候变化是人类面临的共同挑战，关系全人类命运和前途，没有哪个国家可以独自解决，必须开展全球行动、全球应对、全球合作。

08 科技无国界，应对全球气候变化科技更不应该有国界。各国应打破技术壁垒，大力加强环境科技领域的国际交流合作。发达国家要彰显绿色低碳技术共建共享的责任和担当，为发展中国家提供资金和技术支持；发展中国家也要以更积极、更开放的态度开展合作。

Climate change is a global challenge that should not be politicized and calls for international collaboration, said the chief at China's top environmental institute, noting that on the way to achieve the country's carbon goals, scientific innovation will face challenges with more efforts and costs.

China's carbon goals have lifted global confidence in confronting climate change, but there are still some Western factions and media outlets that describe China's efforts as a distraction from other issues.

In a recent exclusive interview, Li Haisheng, president of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, told the Global Times that, "The practice of politicizing the climate issue is not conducive to global climate cooperation."

He believes such views do not represent the views of the mainstream of the Western public and governments. "Climate change is a global challenge that requires all countries to work together and cope with it under the common but differentiated principle," Li, also the former director of the Department of International Cooperation in China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) said.

Li believes the voices to be the "growing pains" of China's development. "We need to maintain our strategic determination and focus on our own work steadily. In the end, the world will give us a fair evaluation".

In the process of confronting climate change, developing countries should seek a different way as compared to that taken by developed countries.

Li went further by stating the global greenhouse gas emission in history.

Developed countries first enjoyed the rapid development, and then sought to treatment and transfer pollution after the ecosystem been destructed and the environment been polluted, while developing countries could only take over polluting industries in order to rise from poverty, Li said.

But the whole world has a shared future for all life on earth. He quoted Friedrich Engels as saying, "Let us not, however, flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victories over nature. For each such victory nature takes its revenge on us."

The modernization process of most member states of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) followed the route of "polluting, managing, then transferring." But times have changed. China and other developing countries such as India can no longer follow this model.

Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality are not only issues of emission reduction and the environment. Carbon credits involve a right to development, which contains major opportunities and China's strategic consideration of green development, Li said.

To achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the pressure China faces is much greater than that of the 38 OECD countries combined.

China has a population of 1.4 billion, which is equivalent to the population of 38 OECD countries; however, the current per capita GDP of China is less than one third of the OECD countries, Li said.

The pressure comes from continuous industrialization and urbanization, as well as uneven regional development. Energy safety, food safety, ecology and, economic security, as well as social development should also all be comprehensively considered in the process, he noted.

OECD countries began to achieve carbon peaks once they had achieved development, while China has just achieved a "well-off" status in the process of industrialization and has yet to achieve carbon peaks. Moreover, China has only 30 years between carbon peak to carbon neutrality, the shortest in the world.

China declared at the General Debate during the 75th Session of the UN General Assembly that the country aims to hit CO2 emissions peak before 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.

"In this context, China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality require more effort and cost than developed countries," Li said. "It also requires scientific and technological innovation to promote a 'green revolution' in energy, industry, and governance concepts."

China's environmental protection strategy will shift from ultra-low emission transformation to the development of new energy sources and the use of non-fossil energy; pollution control will pay more attention to source control, whole-process governance, and new pollutants control.

In terms of government management, the legalization work on confronting climate change should be accelerated. Emission reduction should be included into the official assessment system in local regions, along with GDP and other items.

Li also called for exchanges and cooperation in the field of environmental technologies. "Developed countries should show their responsibilities in sharing low-carbon technologies and provide financial and technical supports to developing countries, while developing countries need to embrace the support with a more positive and more open attitude. Science knows no country. Nor does the science and technology that tackle climate change."

China has also helped other developing countries in confronting climate change through the Green Belt and Road Initiative by building up platforms, aiding infrastructural constructions, and maintaining talent.

Talking about the cooperation between China and the US on climate issues, Li urged the two big powers to build a "Noah's Ark" confronting climate change.

China and the United States have carried out fruitful cooperation in response to climate change, of which The US-China Joint Statement Addressing the Climate Crisis released in April is the most recent achievement. "The cooperation in the area will bring more positive signs to China-US relations," Li said.

The Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, established in 1978, conducts scientific and international cooperation activities which support the country's overall environmental protection aims. It has 15 research departments, two state key laboratories and nine ministerial laboratories, focusing on the atmosphere, water, soil, and solid waste, ecology, cleaner production, vehicle emission control, environmental engineering, environmental safety, and environmental standards.

记者：单劼

来源：GLOBAL TIMES