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亲爱的您，这里是LearningYard新学苑。
今天小编带你学习多属性决策知识，
欢迎您的访问！
Share interest, spread happiness,
increase knowledge, and leave beautiful.
Dear, this is the LearingYard Academy!
Today, the editor brings the “Knowledge of multi-attribute decision-making”.
Welcome to visit!
上期小编带大家探讨决策方法应用时决策评价指标的获取。本期小编带大家一起学习一下近年学者的综合决策方法。小编以“零部件供应商选择/决策”作为主题进行相关文献搜索，并筛选出核心级别以上论文进行总结。
In the previous issue, the editor will explore the acquisition of decision evaluation indicators when applying decision-making methods. In this issue, the editor will take you to learn about the comprehensive decision-making methods of scholars in recent years. The editor conducted a literature search on "Selection/Decision of Component Suppliers" and selected papers at or above the core level for summary.
彭建刚等[1]，分别提取专家的偏好信息，将偏好信息转化为犹豫模糊语言术语，引入不确定语言变量进行词计算；运用包络算子融合专家的偏好信息形成犹豫模糊语言术语集，设计集成准则权重的相对贴近度进行产品供应商排序，确定最满意供应商，并引入信息熵求解决策过程无先验知识的多准则权重，验证了所提模型可行性、有效性和稳定性，为汽车零部件供应商的实际评价与选择提供有益借鉴。
作者在本文中所使用的决策方法，有效解决现有方法偏重弱化决策者的主观不确定性与认知模糊性，无法充分反映决策者的风险偏好信息和在复杂词计算环境下，评估准则的重要程度难以量化以及决策方案评估结果一致性不够理想的问题。
Peng Jiangang et al. extracted expert preference information and transformed it into hesitant fuzzy language terms, introducing uncertain language variables for word calculation; Using the envelope operator to fuse expert preference information to form a hesitant fuzzy language terminology set, designing the relative closeness of integrated criterion weights for product supplier ranking, determining the most satisfactory supplier, and introducing information entropy to solve the multi criterion weight without prior knowledge in the decision-making process, the feasibility, effectiveness, and stability of the proposed model were verified, providing useful reference for the actual evaluation and selection of automotive component suppliers.
The decision-making method used by the author in this article effectively solves the problems of existing methods that tend to weaken the subjective uncertainty and cognitive ambiguity of decision-makers, which cannot fully reflect the risk preference information of decision-makers. In complex word computing environments, the importance of evaluation criteria is difficult to quantify, and the consistency of decision scheme evaluation results is not ideal.
戴泉晨等[2]，针对目前供应商评价管理中指标体系建立和最终采购模式难以存在必然关系的现状，结合汽车零部件供应特征，建立了兼顾质量评价、商务评价、开发和综合能力三大维度、10个二级指标的定性、定量结合的汽车零部件供应商评价体系，运用TOPSIS的方法确定案例对象各个指标的权重，并对待分类供应商进行类别归属判断，为整车制造企业对汽车零部件供应商的选择、管理、监督、改善等活动提供更为有利的依据。
作者在本文中所使用的决策方法，有利于解决由于计算方法繁冗复杂，评价指标体系不能满足实际情况。国内对于车企本身如何形成自身具有特点和竞争力的供应链体系是目前汽车制造企业在零部件供应商选择中的瓶颈问题；因此从战略角度对供应商进行分类，作为长期自由的嫡系供应商，形成共进退的一体合作，对于汽车企业的成本管控、供应商管理，构建自有特色的供应商供应体系可以说有事半功倍的作用。
Dai Quanchen et al. established a qualitative and quantitative evaluation system for automotive parts suppliers, which takes into account the three dimensions of quality evaluation, business evaluation, development, and comprehensive capabilities, and 10 secondary indicators, in response to the current situation where it is difficult to establish an inevitable relationship between the indicator system and the final procurement model in supplier evaluation management. They used TOPSIS method to determine the weights of each indicator of the case object and made a classification judgment on the classification of suppliers, providing a more favorable basis for the selection, management, supervision, improvement and other activities of automotive parts suppliers for whole vehicle manufacturing enterprises.
The decision-making method used by the author in this article is conducive to solving the problem that the evaluation index system cannot meet the actual situation due to the cumbersome and complex calculation methods. How to form a unique and competitive supply chain system for domestic automotive companies is currently a bottleneck issue in the selection of component suppliers for automotive manufacturing enterprises; Therefore, from a strategic perspective, classifying suppliers as long-term and free legitimate suppliers, forming an integrated cooperation of mutual advancement and retreat, can play a role in cost control and supplier management for automotive enterprises, and building their own unique supplier supply system, which can be said to be twice the result with half the effort.
陈建清等[3]，构建更新升级产品零部件供应商选择的指标体系，提出了一种改进的指数函数相似度排序的零件实例检索规则算法，建立低碳经济约束下更新升级产品的零部件供应商选择灰靶模型，对灰靶变换和靶心距计算，由靶心距的大小确定供应商的排序，并通过实例验证了所提模型的有效性。
作者在本文中所使用的决策方法，有利于解决已有文献中缺乏在产品更新升级换代和零部件技术市场不断变化的情况下零部件供应商选择指标、权重、供应商选择方法流程相关问题的研究。产品更新升级供应商评价指标有的是定量、有的是定性、有的是模糊性、有的是粗糙性，这使得评价指标的处理存在不确定性。用传统决策理论解决该类问题已不能满足精度要求，灰色系统理论中的灰靶决策是求解多指标决策问题的有效手段。
Chen Jianqing et al. constructed an indicator system for selecting suppliers for updating and upgrading product components, proposed an improved index function similarity ranking algorithm for part instance retrieval, established a gray target model for selecting suppliers for updating and upgrading products under low-carbon economic constraints, and determined the supplier ranking based on the size of the target distance through gray target transformation and target distance calculation. The effectiveness of the proposed model was verified through examples.
The decision-making method used by the author in this article is beneficial for addressing the lack of research on the selection indicators, weights, and supplier selection process of component suppliers in the context of product updates, upgrades, and constantly changing component technology markets in existing literature. The evaluation indicators for product updates and upgrades of suppliers are quantitative, qualitative, fuzzy, and rough, which makes the handling of evaluation indicators uncertain. The traditional decision theory can no longer meet the accuracy requirements for solving such problems. Grey target decision-making in grey system theory is an effective means to solve multi index decision-making problems.
上述作者进行多属性决策的方法都有相应的出发点，可以总结出主要从两个大方向入手，一方面是决策方法的更新，更加简便高效；另一方面是加强了决策对象的适用性。
The above authors have corresponding starting points for their methods of multi-attribute decision-making, which can be summarized as starting from two main directions. On the one hand, the update of decision-making methods is more convenient and efficient; On the other hand, it enhances the applicability of decision-making objects.
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参考资料：百度百科、百度翻译
参考文献：
[1]彭建刚,夏光. 基于犹豫模糊语言术语的供应商多准则群决策研究 [J]. 工业工程, 2018, 21 (01): 73-82.
[2]戴泉晨,朱建军. 基于典型样本集的汽车零部件供应商分类方法研究 [J]. 南京理工大学学报, 2019, 43 (04): 527-534.
[3]陈建清,陈科. 低碳约束下更新升级产品零部件供应商选择研究 [J]. 合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 41 (10): 1336-1342.