银行向员工反向“讨薪”！招行追回超5800万元，业内人士称将成常态

已经拿到手的工资又被公司要回去，这样的事情你经历过吗？

红星资本局注意到，近日，多家银行向员工反向“讨薪”，引起广泛关注。其中，招商银行（600036.SH）2022年追索扣回绩效薪酬5824万元，在已披露数据的上市银行中最高；渤海银行（09668.HK）2022年追索扣回370人绩效薪酬1760万元。

这一现象缘起于绩效薪酬追索扣回制度。银保监会3月底表示，95%以上银保机构已制定并实施了绩效薪酬延期支付和追索扣回制度。这也意味着，银行向员工“讨薪”或将成为常态。

资料图 

银行反向“讨薪”

招商银行追回5824万元

招商银行2022年年报披露，为缓释各类经营和管理风险，根据监管要求及经营管理需要，建立了薪酬延期支付和绩效薪酬追索扣回相关机制。

2022年，其执行绩效薪酬追索扣回的员工2876人，追索扣回绩效薪酬总金额5824万元。

截图自招商银行2022年年报

渤海银行2022年年报显示，对发生违规违纪、因存在明显过失或未尽到审慎管理义务，导致职责范围内风险超常暴露等情形的相关责任人，追索扣回其相应期限内的绩效薪酬。

2022年，该行追索扣回370人绩效薪酬1760万元，相当于人均被追回4.76万元。

此外，城农商行中，九江银行（06190.HK）2022年绩效追索扣回总金额163万元。

除上述三家银行外，据南都·湾财社记者不完全统计，工商银行、建设银行、农业银行、中国银行、交通银行、兴业银行、中信银行、民生银行、光大银行、平安银行等多家上市银行，均在2022年度报告中披露了绩效薪酬追索扣回制度的建立和实施情况。

实际上，此前已有银行向高管和员工追索扣回绩效薪酬的先例。例如，山西5家城商行合并重组期间，对61名高管和关键岗位人员追索扣回绩效薪酬3359万元。

“追薪”或将常态化

95%以上银保机构已制定相关制度

所谓绩效薪酬追索扣回制度，是指金融企业的高管和对风险有直接或重要影响岗位的员工，在自身职责内未能勤勉尽责，发生重大违法违规行为或造成重大风险损失的，金融企业不仅可以止付未支付的部分或全部薪酬，并且可以对已经发放的绩效薪酬予以追回。

绩效薪酬追索扣回制度是金融业薪酬调整的重要内容。这一制度要求银行保险机构根据风险暴露情况追回不当发放的绩效薪酬，

强化薪酬与风险承担的一致性。

近些年来，绩效薪酬追索扣回制度，在监管的推动下不断完善。

2010年，原银监会印发的《商业银行稳健薪酬监管指引》首次提及，商业银行应制定绩效薪酬延期追索、扣回规定。2018年，银保监会印发的《银行业金融机构从业人员行为管理指引》要求，银行业金融机构应针对高级管理人员及关键岗位人员制定与其行为挂钩的绩效薪酬延期追索、扣回制度。2020年的《商业银行法》（修改意见稿）中，新增“商业银行应建立与本银行风险水平相适应的薪酬延期支付和追索扣回机制”的规定。2021年，银保监会发布《关于建立完善银行保险机构绩效薪酬追索扣回机制的指导意见》，完善了这一制度的更多细节。2022年8月，财政部下发《关于进一步加强国有金融企业财务管理的通知》，明确金融企业绩效薪酬追索扣回制度也适用于离职和退休人员。

2023年3月24日，银保监会发布《银行业保险业健全公司治理三年行动取得明显成效》一文。其中提到，

截至目前，95%以上银保机构已制定并实施了绩效薪酬延期支付和追索扣回制度。特别是在一些高风险机构，相关制度为追究违规高管责任、挽回资产损失发挥了重要作用。

截图自银保监会官网

据南都·湾财社报道，招联金融首席研究员董希淼认为，

从长远来看，金融机构特别是银行建立薪酬追索扣回机制肯定会成为常态

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#fa9d3b;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: #06ae56;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: #e6e6e6}.wx-root,body{--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BG-COLOR-ACTIVE: #ececec}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .126)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(255, 255, 255, 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.05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--discussInput-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .03)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--nickName-FG: #959595}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}，但要使得银行员工尤其是高管的薪酬体系与其审慎性风险承担行为有效挂钩，仅建立这一机制是不够的。“根本在于要加快推出并运用股权、期权等中长期激励手段，完善银行薪酬结构，避免因短视行为导致银行风险的积累、影响银行的长远利益，增强合规经营、稳健发展的自觉性和主动性。”