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关于C#,ASP.NET 生成Excel表格的两种方式(Datatable转Excel)

目前个人认为比较好用,比较简单的生成Excel表格的方式有两种,一种为直接写方法,一种为引用Excel库

关于引用 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; 出现问题的解决方案

一. 这种方式生成速度比较快,适合大数据量对样式没什么要求的项目,下面上代码

/// <summary>
        /// Datatable生成Excel表格并返回路径
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="m_DataTable">Datatable</param>
        /// <param name="s_FileName">文件名</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string DataToExcel(System.Data.DataTable m_DataTable, string s_FileName)
        {
            string FileName = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + ("/Upload/Excel/") + s_FileName + ".xls";  //文件存放路径
            if (System.IO.File.Exists(FileName))                                //存在则删除
            {
                System.IO.File.Delete(FileName);
            }    
            System.IO.FileStream objFileStream;
            System.IO.StreamWriter objStreamWriter;
            string strLine = "";
            objFileStream = new System.IO.FileStream(FileName, System.IO.FileMode.OpenOrCreate, System.IO.FileAccess.Write);
            objStreamWriter = new System.IO.StreamWriter(objFileStream, Encoding.Unicode);
            for (int i = 0; i < m_DataTable.Columns.Count; i++)
            {
                strLine = strLine + m_DataTable.Columns[i].Caption.ToString() + Convert.ToChar(9);      //写列标题
            }
            objStreamWriter.WriteLine(strLine);
            strLine = "";
            for (int i = 0; i < m_DataTable.Rows.Count; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < m_DataTable.Columns.Count; j++)
                {
                    if (m_DataTable.Rows[i].ItemArray[j] == null)
                        strLine = strLine + " " + Convert.ToChar(9);                                    //写内容
                    else
                    {
                        string rowstr = "";
                        rowstr = m_DataTable.Rows[i].ItemArray[j].ToString();
                        if (rowstr.IndexOf("\r\n") > 0)
                            rowstr = rowstr.Replace("\r\n", " ");
                        if (rowstr.IndexOf("\t") > 0)
                            rowstr = rowstr.Replace("\t", " ");
                        strLine = strLine + rowstr + Convert.ToChar(9);
                    }
                }
                objStreamWriter.WriteLine(strLine);
                strLine = "";
            }
            objStreamWriter.Close();
            objFileStream.Close();
            return FileName;        //返回生成文件的绝对路径
        }
           

二.这种方式速度可能比较慢,但是可以精确定义每行每列数据的样式(在这里行列顺序和Datatable中是相反的,注意一下)

首先要引用命名空间

using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
           
/// <summary>
        /// 将数据表保存到Excel表格中
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="addr">Excel表格存放地址</param>
        /// <param name="dt">要输出的DataTable</param>
        public string SaveToExcel(string addr, System.Data.DataTable dt)
        {
            //0.注意:
            // * Excel中形如Cells[x][y]的写法,前面的数字是列,后面的数字是行!
            // * Excel中的行、列都是从1开始的,而不是0
            //1.制作一个新的Excel文档实例
            Application xlsApp = new Application();
            xlsApp.DisplayAlerts = false;
            xlsApp.Workbooks.Add(true);
            //2.设置Excel分页卡标题
            xlsApp.ActiveSheet.Name = "明细报表";
            //3.合并第一行的单元格
            string temp = "";
            if (dt.Columns.Count < 26)
            {
                temp = ((char)('A' + dt.Columns.Count)).ToString();
            }
            else if (dt.Columns.Count <= 26 + 26 * 26)
            {
                temp = ((char)('A' + (dt.Columns.Count - 26) / 26)).ToString()
                  + ((char)('A' + (dt.Columns.Count - 26) % 26)).ToString();
            }
            else throw new Exception("列数过多");
            Range range = xlsApp.get_Range("A1", temp + "1");
            range.ClearContents(); //清空要合并的区域
            range.MergeCells = true; //合并单元格
            //4.填写第一行:表名,对应DataTable的TableName
            xlsApp.Cells[1][1] = "明细报表";
            xlsApp.Cells[1][1].Font.Name = "黑体";
            xlsApp.Cells[1][1].Font.Size = 25;
            xlsApp.Cells[1][1].Font.Bold = true;
            xlsApp.Cells[1][1].HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;//居中
            xlsApp.Rows[1].RowHeight = 60; //第一行行高为60(单位:磅)
            //5.合并第二行单元格,用于书写表格生成日期
            range = xlsApp.get_Range("A2", temp + "2");
            range.ClearContents(); //清空要合并的区域
            range.MergeCells = true; //合并单元格
            //6.填写第二行:生成时间
            xlsApp.Cells[1][2] = "报表生成于:" + DateTime.Now.ToString();
            xlsApp.Cells[1][2].Font.Name = "宋体";
            xlsApp.Cells[1][2].Font.Size = 15;
            //xlsApp.Cells[1][2].HorizontalAlignment = 4;//右对齐
            xlsApp.Cells[1][2].HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;//居中
            xlsApp.Rows[2].RowHeight = 30; //第一行行高为60(单位:磅)
            //7.填写各列的标题行。从Datatable中拉出来的列标题为数据库中字段,我们把他改成自己的
            xlsApp.Cells[1][3] = "";
            xlsApp.Cells[0 + 2][3] = "序号";
            xlsApp.Cells[1 + 2][3] = "订单号";
            xlsApp.Cells[1 + 2][3].ColumnWidth = 20;
            xlsApp.Cells[2 + 2][3] = "店铺账号";
            xlsApp.Cells[3 + 2][3] = "会员账号";
            xlsApp.Cells[4 + 2][3] = "商品编号";
            xlsApp.Cells[5 + 2][3] = "商品名称";
            xlsApp.Cells[5 + 2][3].ColumnWidth = 20;
            xlsApp.Cells[6 + 2][3] = "商品规格";
            xlsApp.Cells[7 + 2][3] = "型号";
            xlsApp.Cells[7 + 2][3].ColumnWidth = 20;
            xlsApp.Cells[8 + 2][3] = "单价";
            xlsApp.Cells[9 + 2][3] = "数量";
            xlsApp.Cells[10 + 2][3] = "总价";
            xlsApp.Cells[11 + 2][3] = "时间";
            xlsApp.Cells[11 + 2][3].ColumnWidth = 45;
            xlsApp.Rows[3].Font.Name = "宋体";
            xlsApp.Rows[3].Font.Size = 13;      //设置字号
            xlsApp.Rows[3].Font.Bold = true;    //粗体
            xlsApp.Rows[3].HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;//居中
            range = xlsApp.get_Range("A3", temp + "3");
            range.Interior.ColorIndex = 33;//背景颜色
            //8.填写DataTable中的数据
            for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < dt.Columns.Count; j++)
                {
                    switch (j)
                    {
                        case 1: xlsApp.Cells[j + 2][i + 4] = "'" + dt.Rows[i][j]; break;
                        case 2: xlsApp.Cells[j + 2][i + 4] = "'" + dt.Rows[i][j]; break;
                        case 3: xlsApp.Cells[j + 2][i + 4] = "'" + dt.Rows[i][j]; break;
                        case 4: xlsApp.Cells[j + 2][i + 4] = "'" + dt.Rows[i][j]; break;
                        case 7: xlsApp.Cells[j + 2][i + 4] = "'" + dt.Rows[i][j]; break;
                        case 11: xlsApp.Cells[j + 2][i + 4] = "'" + Convert.ToDateTime(dt.Rows[i][j]).ToString("yyyy年MM月dd日 hh时mm分ss秒ffff毫秒"); break;
                        default: xlsApp.Cells[j + 2][i + 4] = dt.Rows[i][j]; break;
                    }
                }
            }
            range = xlsApp.get_Range("A4", temp + (dt.Rows.Count + 3).ToString());
            range.Interior.ColorIndex = 2; //修改颜色
            range.HorizontalAlignment = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
            //9.描绘边框
            range = xlsApp.get_Range("A1", temp + (dt.Rows.Count + 3).ToString());
            range.Borders.LineStyle = 1;
            range.Borders.Weight = 3;
            //10.打开制作完毕的表格
            //xlsApp.Visible = true;
            //11.保存表格到根目录下指定名称的文件中
            string path = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + ("Upload\\Excel\\" + addr + ".xls");
            xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs(path);
            xlsApp.Quit();
            xlsApp = null;
            GC.Collect();
            return path;
        }
           

四.对于Asp.net 服务端生成表格后需要回发送回客户端来下载,那么可能会用到绝对路径转相对路径的方法,下面上代码

/// <summary>
        /// 绝对路径转换为URL相对路径
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="imageurl1"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string UrlConvertToR(string imageurl1)
        {
            string tmpRootDir = Server.MapPath(System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.ApplicationPath.ToString()); //获取程序根目录
            string imageurl2 = imageurl1.Replace(tmpRootDir, "");  //转换成相对路径
            imageurl2 = imageurl2.Replace(@"\", @"/");
            return imageurl2;
        }
           

五.如果Asp.Net 服务器回发的数据为 Json 格式,那么我们可能需要把 Json 数据转换成 Datatable 对象。下面上代码

/// <summary>
        /// 将json转换为DataTable
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strJson">得到的json</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private System.Data.DataTable JsonToDataTable(string strJson)
        {
            //转换json格式
            strJson = strJson.Replace(",\"", "*\"").Replace("\":", "\"#").ToString();
            //取出表名   
            var rg = new Regex(@"(?<={)[^:]+(?=:\[)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
            string strName = rg.Match(strJson).Value;
            System.Data.DataTable tb = null;
            //去除表名   
            strJson = strJson.Substring(strJson.IndexOf("[") + 1);
            strJson = strJson.Substring(0, strJson.IndexOf("]"));
            //获取数据   
            rg = new Regex(@"(?<={)[^}]+(?=})");
            MatchCollection mc = rg.Matches(strJson);
            for (int i = 0; i < mc.Count; i++)
            {
                string strRow = mc[i].Value;
                string[] strRows = strRow.Split('*');
                //创建表   
                if (tb == null)
                {
                    tb = new System.Data.DataTable();
                    tb.TableName = strName;
                    foreach (string str in strRows)
                    {
                        var dc = new DataColumn();
                        string[] strCell = str.Split('#');

                        if (strCell[0].Substring(0, 1) == "\"")
                        {
                            int a = strCell[0].Length;
                            dc.ColumnName = strCell[0].Substring(1, a - 2);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            dc.ColumnName = strCell[0];
                        }
                        tb.Columns.Add(dc);
                    }
                    tb.AcceptChanges();
                }
                //增加内容   
                DataRow dr = tb.NewRow();
                for (int r = 0; r < strRows.Length; r++)
                {
                    dr[r] = strRows[r].Split('#')[1].Trim().Replace(",", ",").Replace(":", ":").Replace("\"", "");
                }
                tb.Rows.Add(dr);
                tb.AcceptChanges();
            }
            return tb;
        }
           

六.如果我们我们要处理的数据中包含Html代码,那么我们可能会用到去除Html标签的方法,下面上代码

/// <summary>
        /// 替换Html标签
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="html"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string ReplaceHtmlTag(string html)
        {
            string strText = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Replace(html, "<[^>]+>", "");
            strText = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Replace(strText, "&[^;]+;", "");
            return strText.Replace("/p>", "").Replace("<", "").Replace("p>", "");
        }