linux修改mysql配置文件_Mysql 三种安装方式

二进制安装

1) 安装依赖包

yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y
           

2)创建用户

groupadd mysql -g 666useradd mysql -u 666 -g 666-s /sbin/nologin -M
           

3)解压

mkdir /application mkdir /server/tools -pcd /server/tools/tar xf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gzmv mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.7.20
           

4)创建日志

mkdir /application/mysql-5.7.20/data  #用于存放数据库数据mkdir /application/mysql-5.7.20/tmp    #用于存放socket文件ln -s /application/mysql-5.7.20/ /application/mysqltouch  /application/mysql-5.7.20/mysql.log
           

5)初始化数据

#初始化数据库命令/application/mysql-5.7.20/bin/mysqld --initialize --initialize  --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql-5.7.20 --datadir=/application/mysql-5.7.20/data#这里会生成MySQL第一次登录使用的临时密码，需要保存下来2019-01-13T16:11:48.234884Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: ,rK+/7/AvOF:参数解释：--initialize #初始化mysql--user=mysql #指定mysql用户--basedir  #指定mysql基础目录--datadir #指定mysql数据存放目录
           

6)授权

chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql-5.7.20
           

7)添加配置文件

#1.修改启动脚本内容中的路径cd /application/mysql/support-files/sed -i 's#/usr/local#/application/mysql#g' mysql.servercp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld#2.配置my.cnf[[email protected] /]# vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]basedir=/application/mysqldatadir=/application/mysql/datasocket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sockcharacter-set-server=utf8port=3306server_id=10log-error=/application/mysql/mysql.loglog-bin=/application/mysql/data/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip_name_resolve[mysql]socket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock[mysqladmin]socket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock#3.启动mysql/etc/init.d/mysqld startnetstat -lntup |grep 3306
           

8)配置环境变量

echo 'export "PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"' >>/etc/profilesource  /etc/profile
           

9)修改密码

[[email protected] /]# mysql -uroot -p,rK+/7/AvOF:[[email protected] /]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password 123456Enter password:  #输入旧密码
           

源码安装

1)依赖包

yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel cmake -y
           

2)创建用户

groupadd mysql -g 666useradd mysql -u 666 -g 666 -s /sbin/nologin -M
           

3)安装目录

mkdir /server/tools -pmkdir /application -p
           

4)编译

cd /server/tools/rz mysql-5.7.20.tar.gz[[email protected] tools]# tar xf mysql-5.7.20.tar.gz[[email protected] tools]# cd mysql-5.7.20/[[email protected] mysql-5.7.20]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.7.20 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.7.20/data \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR==/application/mysql-5.7.20/tmp/mysql.sock \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ -DMYSQL_USER=mysql  \ -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  \ -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1   \ -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1  \ -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost [[email protected] mysql-5.6.36]# make && make install编译参数解释：-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX   #MySQL安装的路径-DMYSQL_DATADIR #存放MySQL数据的路径-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR   #MyQSL启动后的sock存放路径-DDEFAULT_CHARSET #MySQL数据库中的字符集-DWITH_BOOST  #mysql源码中用到了C++的Boost库 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS #例如boost路径填/usr/local/boost，它会在这个目录找，找不到就会自己下载到该目录
           

5)目录介绍

[[email protected] mysql-5.7.20]# tree -L 1 /application/mysql-5.7.20//application/mysql-5.7.20/├── bin   #存放mysql命令├── COPYING├── COPYING-test├── docs    #自带帮助文件├── include├── lib     #lib库├── man├── mysql-test├── README├── README-test├── share└── support-files
           

6)配置文件

#1.创建软连接[[email protected] /]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.7.20/ /application/mysql #2.配置/etc/my.cnf(5.7版本默认不自带my.cnf模板文件)[[email protected] /]#vim /etc/my.cnf[mysqld]basedir=/application/mysqldatadir=/application/mysql/datasocket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sockcharacter-set-server=utf8port=3306server_id=10log-error=/application/mysql/mysql.loglog-bin=/application/mysql/data/mysql-binbinlog_format=rowskip_name_resolve[client]socket=/application/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock #3.创建/application/mysql/tmp目录用于存放mysql sock文件，并设置mysql目录权限[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /application/mysql/tmp -p[[email protected] ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/ #4.创建错误日志文件[[email protected] ~]# touch  /application/mysql-5.7.20/mysql.log #5.初始化数据库(所有的初始化信息都保存在mysql日志文件中，包括初始化的root密码)[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /application/mysql-5.7.20/data[[email protected] ~]# /application/mysql-5.7.20/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql-5.7.20 --datadir=/application/mysql-5.7.20/data #6.复制mysql启动脚本至/etc/init.d/mysqld，该脚本用于mysql启动，重启以及关闭[[email protected] ~]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld #7.启动mysql数据库，mysql默认端口为3306[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start[[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntup |grep 3306 #8.增加mysql环境变量，为了可以直接在命令行执行mysql命令[[email protected] ~]# echo 'export "PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"' >>/etc/profile[roo[email protected] ~]# tail -1 /etc/profile[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile[[email protected] ~]# echo $PATH
           

7)修改密码

[[email protected] /]# grep "temporary password" /application/mysql/mysql.log2019-01-14T03:22:24.841670Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: H#hbzsuPl1/-[[email protected] /]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password "123456"Enter password:  #输入旧密码进行更改[[email protected] /]# mysql -uroot -p123456 #输入新密码进入数据库
           

Yum安装

1)安装目录

mkdir /server/tools -pcd /server/tools/
           

2)下载对应源

wget http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
           

3)安装

yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpmyum -y install mysql-community-server.x86_64
           

4)启动

systemctl start mysqldsystemctl enable mysqldnetstat -lntup |grep 3306
           

5)修改密码

# mysql安装完成后，会在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成一个默认的登录密码[[email protected] /]# grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log2019-01-14T02:04:55.465890Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: al_gF&9eZUjW#进入mysql命令行，修改密码为：MyNewPass4![[email protected] /]# mysql -uroot -p"al_gF&9eZUjW"mysql> set password = password('MyNewPass4!');注意：mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件(validate_password)，默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位
           

6)修改mysql组策略

#1.查看系统密码策略[[email protected] /]# mysql -uroot -pMyNewPass4! -e "show variables like '%password%';" |grep "length"validate_password_length    8#2.在/etc/my.cnf配置文件中添加validate_password_policy配置，指定密码策略[mysqld]#validate_password_policy=0 #指定密码策略 0(LOW)，1(MEDIUM)，2(STRONG)其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件validate_password = off  #禁用密码策略#重新启动mysql服务使配置生效：systemctl restart mysqld#再次修改mysql密码[[email protected] /]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password 123456Enter password:      #输入旧密码MyNewPass4!完成更改
           

默认配置文件

/etc/my.cnf #配置文件/var/log/mysqld.log #日志文件/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid #socket文件
           

忘记密码如何登陆？

#在[mysqld]的段中加上一句：skip-grant-tables 保存并且退出vi。mysql  -u rootupdate mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123qwe') where user='root' and Host = 'localhost';flush privileges