C# Marshal类基本概念和入门示例程序

marshal:直译为“编排”， 在计算机中特 指将数据按某种描述格式编排出来，通常来说一般是从非文本格式到文本格式的数据转化。

unmarshal是指marshal的逆过程。比如在WebService中，我们需要把java对象以xml方式表示并在网络间传输，把java对象转化成xml片段的过程就是marshal.

微软对C#中Marshal类描述的链接在此；

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.runtime.interopservices.marshal?view=net-5.0

Provides a collection of methods for allocating unmanaged memory, copying unmanaged memory blocks, and converting managed to unmanaged types, as well as other miscellaneous methods used when interacting with unmanaged code.

提供一个方法集合，分配非托管内存，拷贝非托管内存块，转换托管和非托管类型，以及一些和非托管代码交互的杂类方法；

    这是Marshal类的基本功能；.net一共包含四个Marshal类，每个都有一些方法；

下面来看一个Marshal类基本程序；程序运行结果如下；

代码如下；

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace marshalDemo1
{
    public struct Point
    {
        public Int32 x, y;
    }

    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {

        [DllImport("Kernel32", ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = true)]
        static extern Boolean CloseHandle(IntPtr h);

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            textBox1.Text = Marshal.SystemDefaultCharSize.ToString();
            textBox2.Text = Marshal.SystemMaxDBCSCharSize.ToString();
            textBox3.Text = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Point)).ToString();
            Point p = new Point(); 
            textBox4.Text = Marshal.SizeOf(p).ToString();
            IntPtr hglobal = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(100);
            textBox5.Text = hglobal.ToString();
            Marshal.FreeHGlobal(hglobal);

            Boolean f = CloseHandle(new IntPtr(-1));
            if (!f)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("CloseHandle call failed with an error code of: {0}",
                    Marshal.GetLastWin32Error());
            }
        }
    }
}