http协议学习1. 基础概念篇 附录：参考资料2. 协议详解篇附录：参考资料

杞?杞借??锛?http://www.blogjava.net/zjusuyong/articles/304788.html

http??璁?瀛??绯诲??

1.??虹?姒?蹇电??

1.1?浠?缁?

? HTTP??Hyper Text Transfer Protocol锛?瓒?????浼?杈???璁?锛???缂╁????瀹?????灞???涓?缁寸???浼?锛?World Wide Web Consortium锛???Internet宸ヤ?灏?缁?IETF锛?Internet Engineering Task Force锛???浣???缁???锛?锛?浠?浠?锛???缁???甯?浜?涓?绯诲????RFC锛?RFC 1945瀹?涔?浜?HTTP/1.0???????朵腑????????灏辨??RFC 2616??RFC 2616瀹?涔?浜?浠?澶╂????浣跨?ㄧ??涓?涓?????????HTTP 1.1??

HTTP??璁?锛?HyperText Transfer Protocol锛?瓒?????浼?杈???璁?锛????ㄤ?浠?WWW???″?ㄤ?杈?瓒??????版???版?瑙??ㄧ??浼?????璁???瀹???浠ヤ娇娴?瑙??ㄦ?村??楂???锛?浣跨?缁?浼?杈???灏???瀹?涓?浠?淇?璇?璁＄???烘?ｇ‘蹇????颁?杈?瓒???????妗ｏ?杩?纭?瀹?浼?杈???妗ｄ腑????涓??ㄥ??锛?浠ュ?????ㄥ????瀹归????剧ず(濡???????浜??惧舰)绛???

HTTP??涓?涓?搴??ㄥ???璁?锛??辫?锋?????搴?????锛???涓?涓???????瀹㈡?风?????″?ㄦā????HTTP??涓?涓????舵??????璁???

1.2???CP/IP??璁???涓???浣?缃?

HTTP??璁???甯告?胯浇浜?TCP??璁?涔?涓?锛????朵??胯浇浜?TLS??SSL??璁?灞?涔?涓?锛?杩?涓??跺??锛?灏辨??浜???浠?甯歌?寸??HTTPS??濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

????

榛?璁?TTP??绔??ｅ?蜂负80锛?HTTPS??绔??ｅ?蜂负443??

1.3?HTTP??璇锋???搴?妯″??

HTTP??璁?姘歌??芥??瀹㈡?风????璧疯?锋?锛????″?ㄥ??????搴???瑙?涓??撅?

???

杩??峰氨???朵?浣跨??TTP??璁?锛???娉?瀹??板?ㄥ?㈡?风??娌℃????璧疯?锋????跺??锛????″?ㄥ?娑????ㄩ??缁?瀹㈡?风????

HTTP??璁???涓?涓????舵??????璁?锛???涓?涓?瀹㈡?风????杩?娆¤?锋???涓?娆¤?锋???娌℃??瀵瑰??崇郴??

1.4?宸ヤ?娴?绋?

涓?娆?TTP??浣?绉颁负涓?涓?浜??★??跺伐浣?杩?绋?????涓哄??姝ワ?

1锛?棣???瀹㈡?锋?轰????″?ㄩ??瑕?寤虹??杩??ャ????瑕????绘??涓?瓒?绾ч?炬?ワ?HTTP??宸ヤ?寮?濮???

2锛?寤虹??杩??ュ??锛?瀹㈡?锋?哄????涓?涓?璇锋?缁????″???璇锋??瑰????煎?涓猴?缁?涓?璧?婧???璇?绗??URL锛?????璁??????凤???杈规??MIME淇℃??????璇锋?淇?楗扮????瀹㈡?锋?轰俊???????界????瀹广??

3锛????″?ㄦ?ュ?拌?锋???锛?缁?浜??稿?????搴?淇℃??锛??舵?煎?涓轰?涓??舵??琛?锛?????淇℃??????璁??????枫??涓?涓?????????璇???浠ｇ??锛???杈规??MIME淇℃?????????″?ㄤ俊????瀹?浣?淇℃???????界????瀹广??

4锛?瀹㈡?风???ユ?舵???″?ㄦ??杩?????淇℃????杩?娴?瑙??ㄦ?剧ず?ㄧ?ㄦ?风???剧ず灞?涓?锛??跺??瀹㈡?锋?轰????″?ㄦ??寮?杩??ャ??

濡????ㄤ互涓?杩?绋?涓?????涓?姝ュ?虹?伴??璇?锛??ｄ?浜х????璇???淇℃??灏?杩????板?㈡?风??锛????剧ず灞?杈??恒??瀵逛??ㄦ?锋?ヨ?达?杩?浜?杩?绋?????TTP??宸卞??????锛??ㄦ?峰??瑕??ㄩ????瑰?伙?绛?寰?淇℃???剧ず灏卞??浠ヤ???

1.5?浣跨??ireshark??TCP??http??

??寮?Wireshark锛????╁伐?锋??涓?????Capture??->??Options??锛????㈤???╁?????绀猴?

????????????????????????????

?? 璁剧疆Capture??椤?

涓???璇昏??????瑕????╂??涓?杈圭??涓???妗?锛????╁??????Device锛??????瑰?烩??Capture Filter??锛?姝ゅ????╃??????HTTP TCP port锛?80锛???锛????╁???瑰?讳??剧????Start??寮?濮???????

??????????????????????????????????

?? ????apture Filter

渚?濡??ㄦ?瑙??ㄤ腑??寮?http://image.baidu.com/锛?????濡?????绀猴?

??? http://www.blogjava.net/images/blogjava_net/amigoxie/40799/o_http%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0-%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5-3.jpg

??? ?????

?ㄤ??句腑锛???娓??扮?????板?㈡?风??娴?瑙????ip涓?92.168.2.33锛?涓????″?ㄧ??浜や?杩?绋?锛?

1锛?No1锛?娴?瑙????192.168.2.33锛??????″???220.181.50.118锛????鸿??ヨ?锋???姝や负TCP涓?娆℃?℃??绗?涓?姝ワ?姝ゆ?朵??句腑??浠ョ???猴?涓?YN锛?seq:X锛?x=0锛?

2锛?No2锛????″???220.181.50.118锛???搴?浜?娴?瑙????192.168.2.33锛???璇锋?锛?骞惰?姹?纭?璁わ?姝ゆ?朵负锛?SYN锛?ACK锛?姝ゆ??eq锛?y锛?y涓?锛?锛?ACK锛?x+1锛?涓?锛???姝や负涓?娆℃?℃????绗?浜?姝ワ?

3锛?No3锛?娴?瑙????192.168.2.33锛???搴?浜????″???220.181.50.118锛???纭?璁わ?杩??ユ??????涓猴?ACK锛?姝ゆ??eq锛?x+1锛?涓?锛?锛?ACK锛?y+1锛?涓?锛???姝や负涓?娆℃?℃????绗?涓?姝ワ?

4锛?No4锛?娴?瑙????192.168.2.33锛????轰?涓?椤甸??TTP璇锋?锛?

5锛?No5锛????″???220.181.50.118锛?纭?璁わ?

6锛?No6锛????″???220.181.50.118锛??????版??锛?

7锛?No7锛?瀹㈡?风??娴?瑙????192.168.2.33锛?纭?璁わ?

8锛?No14锛?瀹㈡?风??锛?192.168.2.33锛????轰?涓??剧??HTTP璇锋?锛?

9锛?No15锛????″???220.181.50.118锛??????舵????搴???200 OK

????

1.6?澶村??

姣?涓?澶村???变?涓?????锛????凤?:锛??????间??ㄥ??缁???????????澶у??????崇??锛????煎????浠ユ坊??浠讳??伴????绌烘?肩???澶村????浠ヨ??╁?涓哄?琛?锛??ㄦ??琛?寮?濮?澶?锛?浣跨?ㄨ?冲?涓?涓?绌烘?兼???惰〃绗???

?ㄦ???????句腑锛?No14?瑰??????板?????绀猴?

??http://www.blogjava.net/images/blogjava_net/amigoxie/40799/o_http%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0-%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5-4.jpg

?? http璇锋?娑???

?????????搴???娑???濡?????绀猴?

???????????????

?? http?舵????搴?淇℃??

1.6.1?host澶村??

Host澶村????瀹?璇锋?璧?婧???Intenet涓绘?哄??绔??ｅ?凤?蹇?椤昏〃绀鸿?锋?url????濮????″?ㄦ??缃??崇??浣?缃???HTTP/1.1璇锋?蹇?椤诲????涓绘?哄ご??锛?????绯荤?浼?浠?00?舵????杩?????

??涓?host?ｈ?涓猴?

???

1.6.2?Referer澶村??

Referer澶村????璁稿?㈡?风????瀹?璇锋?uri??婧?璧?婧??板??锛?杩???浠ュ??璁告???″?ㄧ?????????捐〃锛????ㄦ?ョ?婚????浼???cache绛???浠?涔???璁稿??ょ??????璇???杩??ョ?变?缁存?ょ??????琚?杩借釜??濡???璇锋???uri娌℃????宸辩??uri?板??锛?Referer涓??借???????濡?????瀹??????ㄥ??uri?板??锛???姝ゅ?板??搴?璇ユ??涓?涓??稿?瑰?板????

?ㄥ??涓?锛?Referer琛?????瀹逛负锛?

???

1.6.3?User-Agent澶村??

User-Agent澶村??????瀹瑰???????鸿?锋????ㄦ?蜂俊????

?ㄥ??涓?锛?User-Agent琛?????瀹逛负锛?

??http://www.blogjava.net/images/blogjava_net/amigoxie/40799/o_http%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0-%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5-8.jpg

1.6.4?Cache-Control澶村??

Cache-Control??瀹?璇锋?????搴??靛惊??缂?瀛??哄?躲???ㄨ?锋?娑???????搴?娑???涓?璁剧疆Cache-Control骞朵?浼?淇??瑰???涓?娑???澶???杩?绋?涓???缂?瀛?澶???杩?绋???璇锋??剁??缂?瀛???浠ゅ????no-cache??no-store??max-age??max-stale??min-fresh??only-if-cached锛???搴?娑???涓?????浠ゅ????public??private??no-cache??no-store??no-transform??must-revalidate??proxy-revalidate??max-age??

?ㄥ??涓???璇ュご??涓猴?

???

1.6.5?Date澶村??

Date澶村??琛ㄧず娑??????????堕?达??堕?寸????杩版?煎???fc822瀹?涔???渚?濡?锛?Date:Mon,31Dec200104:25:57GMT??Date??杩扮???堕?磋〃绀轰????????讹??㈢???????版?堕?达???瑕??ラ???ㄦ?锋???ㄧ???跺?恒??

??涓?锛?璇ュご??濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

???

?

1.7?HTTP????涓???瑕?姒?蹇?/h2>

1.7.1杩??ワ?Connection

涓?涓?浼?杈?灞???瀹?????娴?锛?瀹???寤虹???ㄤ袱涓??镐???璁???搴??ㄧ?搴?涔??淬??

??ttp1.1锛?request??reponse澶翠腑?芥?????藉?虹?颁?涓?connection??澶达?姝?eader????涔???褰?client??server??淇℃?跺?逛??块?炬?ュ?浣?杩?琛?澶?????

??ttp1.1涓?锛?client??server?芥??榛?璁ゅ?规?规?????块?炬?ョ??锛??濡???client浣跨??ttp1.1??璁?锛?浣???涓?甯???浣跨?ㄩ?块?炬?ワ?????瑕???eader涓?????connection???间负close锛?濡???server?逛?涓??虫?????块?炬?ワ?????esponse涓?涔???瑕???纭?璇存??connection???间负close??涓?璁?equest杩???response??header涓?????浜??间负close??connection锛??借〃??褰???姝ｅ?ㄤ娇?ㄧ??tcp?炬?ュ?ㄥ?澶╄?锋?澶???瀹?姣???浼?琚???????浠ュ??client??杩?琛??扮??璇锋??跺氨蹇?椤诲??寤烘?扮??tcp?炬?ヤ???

1.7.2娑???锛?Message

HTTP??璁????烘????浣?锛?????涓?涓?缁???????????缁?搴???骞堕??杩?杩??ヤ?杈???

1.7.3璇锋?锛?Request

涓?涓?浠?瀹㈡?风???版???″?ㄧ??璇锋?淇℃??????搴??ㄤ?璧?婧????规???璧?婧?????璇?绗?????璁????????枫??

1.7.4??搴?锛?Response

涓?涓?浠????″?ㄨ?????淇℃??????HTTP??璁????????枫??璇锋????舵??(渚?濡?????????????娌℃?惧?扳??)????妗ｇ??MIME绫诲????

1.7.5璧?婧?锛?Resource

??RI??璇???缃?缁??版??瀵硅薄?????°??

1.7.6瀹?浣?锛?Entity

?版??璧?婧????ヨ?????¤?婧?????????涓?绉??规??琛ㄧず?规?锛?瀹????借????村?ㄤ?涓?璇锋?????搴?淇℃??涓???涓?涓?瀹?浣?????瀹?浣?澶翠俊????瀹?浣?????韬???瀹广??

1.7.7瀹㈡?锋?猴?Client

涓?涓?涓哄????璇锋???????寤虹??杩??ョ??搴??ㄧ?搴???

1.7.8?ㄦ?蜂唬??锛?UserAgent

??濮???涓?涓?璇锋???瀹㈡?锋?恒??瀹?浠???娴?瑙??ㄣ??缂?杈??ㄦ???跺???ㄦ?峰伐?枫??

1.7.9???″???Server

涓?涓??ュ??杩??ュ苟瀵硅?锋?杩???淇℃????搴??ㄧ?搴???

1.7.10婧????″???Originserver

??涓?涓?缁?瀹?璧?婧???浠ュ?ㄥ?朵?椹荤????琚???寤虹?????″?ㄣ??

1.7.11浠ｇ??锛?Proxy

涓?涓?涓??寸?搴?锛?瀹???浠ュ??褰?涓?涓????″???涔???浠ュ??褰?涓?涓?瀹㈡?锋?猴?涓哄?跺??瀹㈡?锋?哄缓绔?璇锋???璇锋?????杩????界??缈昏???ㄥ???ㄦ??缁?杩?浼????板?跺???????″?ㄤ腑??涓?涓?浠ｇ???ㄥ????璇锋?淇℃??涔???锛?蹇?椤昏В??骞朵?濡??????介????瀹???

浠ｇ??缁?甯镐?涓洪??杩??茬??澧???瀹㈡?锋?虹?????ㄦ?凤?浠ｇ??杩???浠ヤ?涓轰?涓?甯??╁??ㄦ?ラ??杩???璁?澶???娌℃??琚??ㄦ?蜂唬??瀹?????璇锋???

1.7.12缃??筹?Gateway

涓?涓?浣?涓哄?跺?????″?ㄤ腑?村??浠??????″?ㄣ??涓?浠ｇ??涓???????锛?缃??虫?ュ??璇锋?灏卞ソ璞″?硅?璇锋???璧?婧??ヨ?村??灏辨??婧????″??????鸿?锋???瀹㈡?锋?哄苟娌℃????璇??板???ㄥ??缃??虫??浜ら????

缃??崇?甯镐?涓洪??杩??茬??澧??????″?ㄧ?????ㄦ?凤?缃??宠???浠ヤ?涓轰?涓???璁?缈昏???ㄤ互渚垮?????ｄ?瀛??ㄥ?ㄩ??HTTP绯荤?涓???璧?婧???

1.7.13????锛?Tunnel

??浣?涓轰袱涓?杩??ヤ腑缁х??涓?浠?绋?搴???涓????娲伙?????渚胯?璁や负涓?灞?浜?HTTP??璁?锛?灏界?￠???????芥??琚?涓?涓?HTTP璇锋???濮???????褰?琚?涓?缁х??杩??ヤ袱绔??抽???讹?????渚挎?澶便??褰?涓?涓??ㄦ??Portal)蹇?椤诲???ㄦ??涓?浠?(Intermediary)涓??借В??涓?缁х????璁??堕????琚?缁?甯镐娇?ㄣ??

1.7.14缂?瀛?锛?Cache

??搴?淇℃????灞???瀛??ㄣ??

??? ??褰?锛?????璧???

??http_?惧害?剧???锛?http://baike.baidu.com/view/9472.htm

??缁???缂?????http?舵????搴?????锛?http://blog.tieniu1980.cn/archives/377

??????TCP??涓?娆℃?℃????锛?

http://cache.baidu.com/c?m=9f65cb4a8c8507ed4fece763104c8c711923d030678197027fa3c215cc7905141130a8e5747e0d548d98297a5ae91e03f7f63772315477e3cacdd94cdbbdc42225d82c36734f844315c419d891007a9f34d507a9f916a2e1b065d2f48193864353bb15543897f1fb4d711edd1b86033093b1e94e022e67adec40728e2e605f983431c5508fe4&p=c6769a46c5820efd08e2973b42&user=baidu

??浣跨??ireshark?ユ?娴?涓?娆?TTP杩??ヨ?绋???锛?

http://blog.163.com/wangbo_tester/blog/static/12806792120098174162288/

??http??璁?????涓???瑕?姒?蹇点??锛?http://nc.mofcom.gov.cn/news/10819972.html

??http??璁?涓?connection澶寸??浣??ㄣ??锛?

??????? http://blog.csdn.net/barfoo/archive/2008/06/05/2514667.aspx?

2.???璁?璇?В绡?

2.1?HTTP/1.0??HTTP/1.1??姣?杈?

RFC 1945瀹?涔?浜?HTTP/1.0????锛?RFC 2616瀹?涔?浜?HTTP/1.1??????

绗?????log涓???渚?浜?杩?涓や釜RFC涓???????涓?杞藉?板????

RFC1945涓?杞藉?板??锛?

http://www.blogjava.net/Files/amigoxie/RFC1945锛?HTTP锛?涓?????.rar

RFC2616涓?杞藉?板??锛?

http://www.blogjava.net/Files/amigoxie/RFC2616锛?HTTP锛?涓?????.rar

2.1.1寤虹??杩??ユ?归??/h3>

HTTP/1.0?姣?娆¤?锋??介??瑕?寤虹???扮??TCP杩??ワ?杩??ヤ??藉??ㄣ??HTTP/1.1?扮??璇锋???浠ュ?ㄤ?娆¤?锋?寤虹????TCP杩??ヤ?涓?????锛?杩??ュ??浠ュ??ㄣ??浼??规????灏???澶?杩?琛?TCP涓?娆℃?℃????寮???锛???楂???????

娉ㄦ??锛??ㄥ??涓?涓?TCP杩??ヤ腑锛??扮??璇锋???瑕?绛?涓?娆¤?锋??跺?板??搴???锛????藉??????

2.1.2?Host??

HTTP1.1??equest娑???澶撮??澶村?浜?涓?涓?Host??, HTTP1.0??娌℃??杩?涓?????

Eg锛?

????GET?/pub/WWW/TheProject.html?HTTP/1.1

????Host:?www.w3.org

????????TTP1.0???跺??璁や负锛?寤虹??TCP杩??ョ???跺??宸茬???瀹?浜?IP?板??锛?杩?涓?IP?板??涓?????涓?涓?host??

2.1.3?ユ???堕?存??/h3>

(?ユ?舵?瑰??)

??璁烘??HTTP1.0杩???HTTP1.1锛??借??借В??涓????绉?date/time stamp锛?

Sun,?06?Nov?1994?08:49:37?GMT?;?RFC?822,?updated?by?RFC?1123

Sunday,?06-Nov-94?08:49:37?GMT?;?RFC?850,?obsoleted?by?RFC?1036

Sun?Nov?6?08:49:37?1994???????;?ANSI?C's?asctime()?format

?????? (?????瑰??)

HTTP1.0瑕?姹?涓??界????绗?涓?绉?asctime?煎???date/time stamp锛?

HTTP1.1??瑕?姹???????RFC 1123(绗?涓?绉?)?煎???date/time stamp??

2.1.4?舵????搴???

?舵????搴???100 (Continue)??舵??浠ｇ????浣跨?????璁稿?㈡?风???ㄥ??request娑???body涔???????equest header璇????涓?server锛???server瑕?涓?瑕??ユ??equest body锛????冲??瑕?涓?瑕???request body??

瀹㈡?风????equest澶撮?ㄤ腑????

Expect:?100-continue

?????? Server???颁????㈠?????100 (Continue)?杩?涓??舵??浠ｇ??锛?瀹㈡?风??灏辩户缁???request body??杩?涓???HTTP1.1????????

?????TTP/1.1涓?杩?澧???浜?101??203??205绛?绛??х?舵????搴???

2.1.5璇锋??瑰?

HTTP1.1澧???浜?OPTIONS, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, CONNECT杩?浜?Request?规?.

?????? Method???????? = "OPTIONS"??????????????? ; Section 9.2

????????????????????? | "GET"??????????????????? ; Section 9.3

????????????????????? | "HEAD"?????????????????? ; Section 9.4

????????????????????? | "POST"?????????????????? ; Section 9.5

????????????????????? | "PUT"??????????????????? ; Section 9.6

????????????????????? | "DELETE"???????????????? ; Section 9.7

????????????????????? | "TRACE"????????????????? ; Section 9.8

????????????????????? | "CONNECT"??????????????? ; Section 9.9

????????????????????? | extension-method

?????? extension-method = token

2.2?HTTP璇锋?娑???

2.2.1璇锋?娑????煎?

璇锋?娑????煎?濡?涓???绀猴?

璇锋?琛?

???ㄤ俊??澶?璇锋?澶?瀹?浣?澶?

CRLF(??杞??㈣?)

瀹?浣???瀹?

?朵腑??璇锋?琛???涓猴?璇锋?琛??=??规??[绌烘???璇锋?URI [绌烘????????仿?[??杞??㈣?]

璇锋?琛?瀹?渚?锛?

Eg1锛?

GET?/index.html?HTTP/1.1

?????? Eg2锛?

POST?http://192.168.2.217:8080/index.jsp HTTP/1.1

HTTP璇锋?娑???瀹?渚?锛?

GET?/hello.htm?HTTP/1.1

Accept:?*/*

Accept-Language:?zh-cn

Accept-Encoding:?gzip,?deflate

If-Modified-Since:?Wed,?17?Oct?2007?02:15:55?GMT

If-None-Match:?W/"158-1192587355000"

User-Agent:?Mozilla/4.0?(compatible;?MSIE?6.0;?Windows?NT?5.1;?SV1)

Host:?192.168.2.162:8080

Connection:?Keep-Alive

2.2.2璇锋??规?

?????? HTTP??璇锋??规?????濡?涓???绉?锛?

q??????GET

q??????POST

q??????HEAD

q??????PUT

q??????DELETE

q??????OPTIONS

q??????TRACE

q??????CONNECT

2.3 HTTP??搴?娑???

2.3.1??搴?娑????煎?

HTTP??搴?娑??????煎?濡?涓???绀猴?

?舵??琛?

???ㄤ俊??澶???搴?澶?瀹?浣?澶?

CRLF

瀹?浣???瀹?

?朵腑锛??舵??琛??=??????仿?[绌烘????舵?????[绌烘????????[??杞??㈣?]

?舵??琛?涓句?锛?

Eg1锛?

HTTP/1.0?200?OK?

????? Eg2锛?

HTTP/1.1?400?Bad?Request

???? HTTP??搴?娑???瀹?渚?濡?涓???绀猴?

HTTP/1.1?200?OK

ETag:?W/"158-1192590101000"

Last-Modified:?Wed,?17?Oct?2007?03:01:41?GMT

Content-Type:?text/html

Content-Length:?158

Date:?Wed,?17?Oct?2007?03:01:59?GMT

Server:?Apache-Coyote/1.1

2.3.2?http???舵????搴???

2.3.2.1 ?1**锛?璇锋??跺?帮?缁х画澶???

100????瀹㈡?峰?椤荤户缁????鸿?锋?

101????瀹㈡?疯?姹????″?ㄦ?规??璇锋?杞???TTP??璁?????

2.3.2.2 ?2**锛???浣??????跺?帮????????ュ??

200????浜ゆ??????

201??????绀虹?ラ???版??浠剁??URL

202?????ュ????澶?????浣?澶?????瀹???

203????杩???淇℃??涓?纭?瀹???涓?瀹???

204????璇锋??跺?帮?浣?杩???淇℃??涓虹┖

205???????″?ㄥ????浜?璇锋?锛??ㄦ?蜂唬??蹇?椤诲?浣?褰???宸茬?娴?瑙?杩?????浠?

206???????″?ㄥ凡缁?瀹???浜??ㄥ???ㄦ?风??GET璇锋?

2.3.2.3 ?3**锛?瀹???姝よ?锋?蹇?椤昏?涓?姝ュ???

300????璇锋???璧?婧????ㄥ?澶?寰???

301???????よ?锋??版??

302?????ㄥ?朵??板?????颁?璇锋??版??

303????寤鸿??瀹㈡?疯?块???朵?URL??璁块???瑰?

304????瀹㈡?风??宸茬??ц?浜?GET锛?浣???浠舵??????

305????璇锋???璧?婧?蹇?椤讳????″?ㄦ??瀹????板??寰???

306??????涓?????HTTP涓?浣跨?ㄧ??浠ｇ??锛??拌?????涓?涓???浣跨??

307?????虫??璇锋???璧?婧?涓存?舵?у????

2.3.2.4 ?4**锛?璇锋?????涓?涓???璇?璇?娉???涓??藉????

400??????璇?璇锋?锛?濡?璇?娉???璇?

401??????????

HTTP 401.1 -???????锛??诲?澶辫触

????HTTP 401.2 -???????锛????″?ㄩ??缃???棰?瀵艰?寸?诲?澶辫触

????HTTP 401.3 - ACL?绂?姝㈣?块??璧?婧?

????HTTP 401.4 -???????锛?????琚?绛????ㄦ??缁?

HTTP 401.5 -???????锛?ISAPI????CGI?????澶辫触

402????淇???????ChargeTo澶村??搴?

403????绂?姝㈣?块??

HTTP 403.1?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?绂?姝㈠???ц?璁块??

????HTTP 403.2 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?绂?姝㈣?昏?块??

????HTTP 403.3 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?绂?姝㈠??璁块??

????HTTP 403.4 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?瑕?姹??SSL

????HTTP 403.5 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?瑕?姹??SSL 128

????HTTP 403.6 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?IP??板??琚???缁?

????HTTP 403.7 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?瑕?姹?瀹㈡?疯??涔?

????HTTP 403.8 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?绂?姝㈢???硅?块??

????HTTP 403.9 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?杩??ョ???ㄦ?疯?澶?

????HTTP 403.10 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛???缃?????

????HTTP 403.11 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?瀵????存??

????HTTP 403.12 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛???灏??ㄦ??缁?璁块??

????HTTP 403.13 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?瀹㈡?疯??涔?凡琚?????

????HTTP 403.15 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?瀹㈡?疯?块??璁稿??杩?澶?

????HTTP 403.16 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?瀹㈡?疯??涔????淇℃????????

HTTP 403.17 -?绂?姝㈣?块??锛?瀹㈡?疯??涔?凡缁??版??????灏???????

404????娌℃?????版??浠躲???ヨ?㈡??URl

405?????ㄦ?峰??equest-Line瀛?娈靛??涔????规?涓???璁?

406?????规???ㄦ?峰??????Accept??锛?璇锋?璧?婧?涓???璁块??

407????绫讳技401锛??ㄦ?峰?椤婚????ㄤ唬?????″?ㄤ?寰??版????

408????瀹㈡?风??娌℃???ㄧ?ㄦ?锋??瀹???楗挎?堕?村??瀹???璇锋?

409????瀵瑰???璧?婧??舵??锛?璇锋?涓??藉????

410???????″?ㄤ?涓?????姝よ?婧?涓???杩?涓?姝ョ???????板??

411???????″?ㄦ??缁??ㄦ?峰??涔???Content-Length灞??ц?锋?

412????涓?涓???澶?涓?璇锋?澶村??娈靛?ㄥ???璇锋?涓???璇?

413????璇锋???璧?婧?澶т????″?ㄥ??璁哥??澶у?

414????璇锋???璧?婧?URL?夸????″?ㄥ??璁哥???垮害

415????璇锋?璧?婧?涓?????璇锋?椤圭???煎?

416????璇锋?涓?????Range璇锋?澶村??娈碉??ㄥ???璇锋?璧?婧????村??娌℃??range??绀哄?硷?璇锋?涔?涓?????If-Range璇锋?澶村??娈?

417???????″?ㄤ?婊¤冻璇锋?Expect澶村??娈垫??瀹????????硷?濡?????浠ｇ?????″??????芥??涓?涓?绾ф???″?ㄤ??芥弧瓒宠?锋??裤??

2.3.2.5 ?5**锛????″?ㄦ?ц?涓?涓?瀹??ㄦ????璇锋?澶辫触

????HTTP 500 -????ㄦ???″?ㄩ??璇?

????HTTP 500.100 -????ㄦ???″?ㄩ??璇??- ASP???璇?

????HTTP 500-11????″?ㄥ?抽??

????HTTP 500-12?搴??ㄧ?搴????板????

????HTTP 500-13 -????″?ㄥお蹇?

????HTTP 500-14 -?搴??ㄧ?搴?????

????HTTP 500-15 -?涓???璁歌?锋??global.asa

????Error 501 -???瀹???

HTTP 502 -?缃??抽??璇?

2.4?浣跨??elnet杩?琛?http娴?璇?

?????????indows涓?锛???浣跨?ㄥ?戒护绐??ｈ?琛?http绠???娴?璇???

???????杈???md杩??ュ?戒护绐??ｏ??ㄥ?戒护琛????ュ?涓??戒护??????杞??

telnet?www.baidu.com?80

????????????ㄧ???ｄ腑??涓???Ctrl+]????????杞???璁╄???缁??????俱??

?ョ??寮?濮???璇锋?娑???锛?渚?濡?????濡?涓?璇锋?娑???璇锋?baidu??棣?椤垫???锛?浣跨?ㄧ??HTTP??璁?涓?TTP/1.1锛?

GET?/index.html?HTTP/1.1

???娉ㄦ??锛?copy濡?涓???娑????板?戒护绐??ｅ????瑕???涓や釜??杞??㈣????藉??板??搴???娑???锛?绗?涓?涓???杞??㈣????ㄥ?戒护?????ュ??杞??㈣?锛???HTTP??璁?瑕?姹?????绗?浜?涓???纭?璁よ??ワ?????璇锋???

?????拌???浜?200 OK??娑???锛?濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

????????????帮?褰?????TTP/1.1?讹?杩??ヤ????ㄨ?锋?缁?????灏辨??寮??????ラ????TTP1.0锛??ㄥ?戒护绐??ｉ???ワ?

GET?/index.html?HTTP/1.0

??????姝ゆ?跺??浠ョ???拌?锋?缁???涔???椹?涓???寮???

???????璇昏??杩???浠ュ?璇??ㄤ娇??ET??POST绛??讹?甯??澶村??淇℃??锛?渚?濡????ュ?涓?淇℃??锛?

GET?/index.html?HTTP/1.1

connection:?close

Host:?www.baidu.com

2.5?甯哥?ㄧ??璇锋??瑰?

???????甯哥?ㄧ??璇锋??瑰???GET??POST.

l?????????GET?瑰?锛???浠ュ??浣????瑰?寰??扮?辫?锋?URI????瀹?璧?婧???淇℃??锛?濡???璇锋?URI????涓?涓??版??浜х??杩?绋?锛??ｄ???缁?瑕??ㄥ??搴?瀹?浣?涓?杩???????澶???杩?绋???缁???????????璧?婧?锛???涓???澶???杩?绋?????杩般??

l?????????POST?瑰?锛??ㄦ?ュ?????????″?ㄥ???鸿?锋?锛?瑕?姹?瀹??ュ??琚????ㄨ?锋?????瀹?浣?锛?骞舵??瀹?褰?浣?璇锋?????涓?璇锋?URI????瀹?璧?婧????????板??椤癸?Post琚?璁捐?℃???ㄧ?涓????规?瀹??颁??????斤?

1锛?瀵圭?版??璧?婧???瑙ｉ??锛?

2锛????靛???????????伴?荤?????浠跺??琛ㄦ??绫讳技璁ㄨ?虹???淇℃??锛?

3锛???浜ゆ?版????锛?

4锛???杩???????浣??ユ?╁??版??搴????

浠?涓??㈡??杩板??浠ョ???猴?Get???????″?ㄥ??绱㈠???版????涓?绉?璇锋?锛???Post???????″?ㄦ??浜ゆ?版????涓?绉?璇锋?锛?瑕???浜ょ???版??浣?浜?淇℃??澶村???㈢??瀹?浣?涓???

GET涓?POST?规???浠ヤ??哄??锛?

锛?1锛?????ㄥ?㈡?风??锛?Get?瑰??ㄩ??杩?URL??浜ゆ?版??锛??版????RL涓???浠ョ???帮?POST?瑰?锛??版???剧疆??TML HEADER????浜ゃ??

锛?2锛??? GET?瑰???浜ょ???版????澶????芥??1024瀛???锛???POST??娌℃??姝ら???躲??

锛?3锛????瀹??ㄦ?ч??棰???姝ｅ????1锛?涓????帮?浣跨???Get????跺??锛????颁??剧ず?ㄥ?板????涓?锛????Post?涓?浼?????浠ワ?濡???杩?浜??版????涓????版????涓??????????版??锛??ｄ?浣跨???get锛?濡????ㄦ?疯??ョ???版??涓???涓???瀛?绗???涓??????????版??锛??ｄ?杩???浣跨???post涓哄ソ??

锛?4锛????瀹??ㄧ????骞?绛???????璋?瀹??ㄧ?????崇??璇ユ??浣??ㄤ??峰??淇℃??????淇??逛俊????骞?绛??????崇??瀵瑰??涓??URL???澶?涓?璇锋?搴?璇ヨ??????风??缁?????瀹??寸??瀹?涔?骞朵?????璧锋?ラ?ｆ?蜂弗?笺???㈠?ヨ??璇达?GET?璇锋?涓???涓?搴?浜х????浣??ㄣ??浠??规??涓?璁诧??剁??????褰??ㄦ?锋??寮?涓?涓??炬?ユ?讹?濂瑰??浠ョ‘淇′???韬???瑙?搴??ョ??娌℃???瑰??璧?婧???姣?濡?锛??伴?荤???圭??澶寸??涓????存?般???界?剁??浜?娆¤?锋?浼?杩???涓?????涓??规?伴?伙?璇ユ??浣?浠??惰?璁や负??瀹??ㄧ????骞?绛???锛???涓哄???绘??杩???褰??????伴?汇????涔?浜??躲??POST?璇锋?灏变??ｄ?杞绘?句???POST?琛ㄧず???芥?瑰?????″?ㄤ???璧?婧???璇锋???浠??朵互?伴?荤???逛负渚?锛?璇昏??瀵规??绔???娉ㄨВ搴?璇ラ??杩??POST璇锋?瀹??帮???涓哄?ㄦ敞瑙ｆ??浜や???绔??瑰凡缁?涓???浜?锛?姣??硅?存??绔?涓??㈠?虹?颁??℃敞瑙ｏ???

?

2.6?璇锋?澶?/h2>

HTTP??甯歌???璇锋?澶村?涓?锛?

l?????????Accept锛?娴?瑙??ㄥ???ュ????MIME绫诲??锛?

l?????????Accept-Charset锛?娴?瑙??ㄥ???ュ????瀛?绗???锛?

l?????????Accept-Encoding锛?娴?瑙??ㄨ?藉?杩?琛?瑙ｇ?????版??缂????瑰?锛?姣?濡?gzip??Servlet?藉???????gzip??娴?瑙??ㄨ???缁?gzip缂?????HTML椤甸????璁稿???褰??杩???浠ュ??灏?5??0????涓?杞芥?堕?达?

l?????????Accept-Language锛?娴?瑙??ㄦ??甯?????璇?瑷?绉?绫伙?褰????″?ㄨ?藉???渚?涓?绉?浠ヤ???璇?瑷??????惰??ㄥ?帮?

l?????????Authorization锛?????淇℃??锛???甯稿?虹?板?ㄥ?规???″?ㄥ??????WWW-Authenticate澶寸??搴?绛?涓?锛?

l?????????Connection锛?琛ㄧず??????瑕???涔?杩??ャ??濡???Servlet???拌??????间负??Keep-Alive??锛????????拌?锋?浣跨?ㄧ????HTTP 1.1锛?HTTP 1.1榛?璁よ?琛???涔?杩??ワ?锛?瀹?灏卞??浠ュ?╃?ㄦ??涔?杩??ョ??浼??癸?褰?椤甸?㈠????澶?涓???绱??讹?渚?濡?Applet锛??剧??锛?锛??捐???板??灏?涓?杞芥????瑕????堕?淬??瑕?瀹??拌?涓??癸?Servlet??瑕??ㄥ?绛?涓?????涓?涓?Content-Length澶达???绠?????瀹??版?规???锛???????瀹瑰????yteArrayOutputStream锛??跺???ㄦ?ｅ????哄??瀹逛???璁＄??瀹???澶у?锛?

l?????????Content-Length锛?琛ㄧず璇锋?娑???姝ｆ?????垮害锛?

l?????????Cookie锛?杩???????瑕???璇锋?澶翠俊??涔?涓?锛?

l?????????From锛?璇锋?????????email?板??锛??变?浜??规????Web瀹㈡?风?搴?浣跨???娴?瑙??ㄤ?浼??ㄥ?板??锛?

l?????????Host锛???濮?URL涓???涓绘?哄??绔??ｏ?

l?????????If-Modified-Since锛?????褰???璇锋?????瀹瑰?ㄦ??瀹????ユ??涔?????缁?杩?淇??规??杩???瀹?锛?????杩???304??Not Modified??搴?绛?锛?

l?????????Pragma锛???瀹???no-cache???艰〃绀烘???″?ㄥ?椤昏???涓?涓??锋?板??????妗ｏ??充娇瀹???浠ｇ?????″?ㄨ??涓?宸茬???浜?椤甸?㈢?????版?疯?锛?

l?????????Referer锛?????涓?涓?URL锛??ㄦ?蜂?璇?RL浠ｈ〃??椤甸?㈠?哄??璁块??褰???璇锋???椤甸????

l?????????User-Agent锛?娴?瑙??ㄧ被??锛?濡???Servlet杩???????瀹逛?娴?瑙??ㄧ被?????冲??璇ュ?奸??甯告?????

l?????????UA-Pixels锛?UA-Color锛?UA-OS锛?UA-CPU锛??辨??浜???????IE娴?瑙??ㄦ????????????????璇锋?澶达?琛ㄧず灞?骞?澶у???棰??叉繁搴?????浣?绯荤???CPU绫诲????

2.7???搴?澶?/h2>

HTTP??甯歌?????搴?澶村?涓???绀猴?

l?????????Allow锛????″?ㄦ??????浜?璇锋??规?锛?濡?GET??POST绛?锛?锛?

l?????????Content-Encoding锛???妗ｇ??缂???锛?Encode锛??规????????ㄨВ??涔???????浠ュ???ontent-Type澶存??瀹?????瀹圭被?????╃??zip??缂╂??妗ｈ?藉??捐???板??灏?HTML??妗ｇ??涓?杞芥?堕?淬??Java??GZIPOutputStream??浠ュ??逛究?拌?琛?gzip??缂╋?浣?????Unix涓???Netscape??Windows涓???IE 4??IE 5??????瀹?????姝わ?Servlet搴?璇ラ??杩??ョ??Accept-Encoding澶达???equest.getHeader("Accept-Encoding")锛?妫??ユ?瑙??ㄦ????????gzip锛?涓烘????gzip??娴?瑙??ㄨ???缁?gzip??缂╃??HTML椤甸???涓哄?朵?娴?瑙??ㄨ???????椤甸???

l?????????Content-Length锛?琛ㄧず??瀹归?垮害??????褰?娴?瑙??ㄤ娇?ㄦ??涔?HTTP杩??ユ?舵????瑕?杩?涓??版????濡???浣??宠??╃?ㄦ??涔?杩??ョ??浼??匡???浠ユ??杈??烘??妗ｅ????yteArrayOutputStram锛?瀹??????ョ???跺ぇ灏?锛??跺????璇ュ?兼?惧??ontent-Length澶达???????杩?byteArrayStream.writeTo(response.getOutputStream()??????瀹癸?

l?????????Content-Type锛??琛ㄧず???㈢????妗ｅ?浜?浠?涔?MIME绫诲????Servlet榛?璁や负text/plain锛?浣???甯搁??瑕??惧??版??瀹?涓?ext/html???变?缁?甯歌?璁剧疆Content-Type锛???姝?ttpServletResponse??渚?浜?涓?涓?涓??ㄧ???规?setContentTyep???????eb.xml??浠朵腑??缃??╁?????MIME绫诲????瀵瑰??崇郴锛?

l?????????Date锛?褰?????GMT?堕?淬??浣???浠ョ??etDateHeader?ヨ?剧疆杩?涓?澶翠互?垮??杞??㈡?堕?存?煎???楹荤???

l?????????Expires锛?????搴?璇ュ?ㄤ?涔??跺??璁や负??妗ｅ凡缁?杩???锛?浠???涓???缂?瀛?瀹???

l?????????Last-Modified锛???妗ｇ???????瑰?ㄦ?堕?淬??瀹㈡?峰??浠ラ??杩?If-Modified-Since璇锋?澶存??渚?涓?涓??ユ??锛?璇ヨ?锋?灏?琚?瑙?涓轰?涓??′欢GET锛??????瑰?ㄦ?堕?磋?浜???瀹??堕?寸????妗ｆ??浼?杩???锛?????杩???涓?涓?304锛?Not Modified锛??舵????Last-Modified涔?????etDateHeader?规??ヨ?剧疆锛?

l?????????Location锛?琛ㄧず瀹㈡?峰?褰??板?????绘??????妗ｃ??Location??甯镐????存?ヨ?剧疆??锛???????杩?HttpServletResponse??sendRedirect?规?锛?璇ユ?规????惰?剧疆?舵??浠ｇ??涓?02锛?

l?????????Refresh锛?琛ㄧず娴?瑙??ㄥ?璇ュ?ㄥ?灏??堕?翠????锋?版??妗ｏ?浠ョ?璁°???や??锋?板?????妗ｄ?澶?锛?浣?杩???浠ラ??杩?setHeader("Refresh", "5; URL=http://host/path")璁╂?瑙??ㄨ?诲????瀹???椤甸????娉ㄦ??杩?绉????介??甯告????杩?璁剧疆HTML椤甸??EAD?虹??<META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="5;URL=http://host/path">瀹??帮?杩?????涓猴????ㄥ?锋?版????瀹???瀵逛??ｄ?涓??戒娇??GI??Servlet??HTML缂???????????瑕???浣???锛?瀵逛?Servlet?ヨ?达??存?ヨ?剧疆Refresh澶存?村???逛究??娉ㄦ??Refresh????涔?????N绉?涔????锋?版??椤甸?㈡??璁块????瀹?椤甸?⑩??锛???涓?????姣???N绉??锋?版??椤甸?㈡??璁块????瀹?椤甸?⑩??????姝わ?杩?缁??锋?拌?姹?姣?娆￠?藉????涓?涓?Refresh澶达???????204?舵??浠ｇ??????浠ラ?绘?㈡?瑙??ㄧ户缁??锋?帮?涓?绠℃??浣跨??efresh澶磋???<META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" ...>??娉ㄦ??Refresh澶翠?灞?浜?HTTP 1.1姝ｅ?瑙?????涓??ㄥ??锛?????涓?涓??╁?锛?浣?Netscape??IE?芥????瀹???

2.8瀹?浣?澶?/h2>

瀹?浣?澶寸?ㄥ??瀹?浣???瀹圭????淇℃??锛???杩颁?瀹?浣???瀹圭??灞??э?????瀹?浣?淇℃??绫诲??锛??垮害锛???缂╂?规?锛?????涓?娆′慨?规?堕?达??版???????х????

l?????????Allow锛?GET,POST

l?????????Content-Encoding锛???妗ｇ??缂???锛?Encode锛??规?锛?渚?濡?锛?gzip锛?瑙???2.5???搴?澶粹??锛?

l?????????Content-Language锛???瀹圭??璇?瑷?绫诲??锛?渚?濡?锛?zh-cn锛?

l?????????Content-Length锛?琛ㄧず??瀹归?垮害锛?eg锛?80锛?????????2.5??搴?澶粹??锛?

l?????????Content-Location锛?琛ㄧず瀹㈡?峰?褰??板?????绘??????妗ｏ?渚?濡?锛?http://www.dfdf.org/dfdf.html锛?????????2.5??搴?澶粹??锛?

l?????????Content-MD5锛?MD5?瀹?浣???涓?绉?MD5??瑕?锛??ㄤ??￠???????????瑰???ュ???归?借?＄??MD5??瑕?锛??ュ???瑰??惰?＄?????间?姝ゅご??涓?浼??????艰?琛?姣?杈???Eg1锛?Content-MD5: <base64 of 128 MD5 digest>??Eg2锛?dfdfdfdfdfdfdff==锛?

l?????????Content-Range锛????ㄥ??瀹?浣?涓???????锛?????琚????ュ??????浣?浣?涓?楂?浣?瀛?????绉伙?涔?????姝ゅ??浣????婚?垮害??Eg1锛?Content-Range: 1001-2000/5000锛?eg2锛?bytes 2543-4532/7898

l?????????Content-Type锛??????????????ユ?剁??瀹?浣???MIME绫诲????Eg锛?text/html; charset=GB2312???????涓荤被??/瀛?绫诲??锛?

l?????????Expires锛?涓?璇???涓?缂?瀛?锛?

l?????????Last-Modified锛?WEB????″?ㄨ?や负瀵硅薄??????淇??规?堕?达?姣?濡???浠剁??????淇??规?堕?达??ㄦ??椤甸?㈢??????浜х???堕?寸??绛???渚?濡?锛?Last-Modified锛?Tue, 06 May 2008 02:42:43 GMT.

2.8?╁?澶?/h2>

??TTP娑???涓?锛?涔???浠ヤ娇?ㄤ?浜???HTTP1.1姝ｅ?瑙?????娌℃??瀹?涔???澶村??娈碉?杩?浜?澶村??娈电?绉颁负??瀹?涔???HTTP澶存?????╁?澶达?浠?浠???甯歌?褰?浣???涓?绉?瀹?浣?澶村?????

?板?ㄦ?琛???娴?瑙??ㄥ????涓??芥????Cookie,Set-Cookie,Refresh??Content-Disposition绛???涓?甯哥?ㄧ???╁?澶村??娈点??

l?????????Refresh锛?1;url=http://www.dfdf.org? //杩?1绉?璺宠浆?版??瀹?浣?缃?锛?

l?????????Content-Disposition锛?澶村??娈?????????2.5??搴?澶粹??锛?

l?????????Content-Type锛?WEB????″?ㄥ??璇?娴?瑙??ㄨ??宸卞??搴???瀵硅薄??绫诲????

eg1锛?Content-Type锛?application/xml?锛?

eg2锛?applicaiton/octet-stream锛?

Content-Disposition锛?attachment; filename=aaa.zip??

????褰?锛?????璧???

??HTTP1.1??HTTP1.0???哄????锛?

http://blog.csdn.net/yanghehong/archive/2009/05/28/4222594.aspx

??HTTP璇锋?锛?GET??POST?哄??锛?????搴???锛?

http://www.blogjava.net/honeybee/articles/164008.html

?

??HTTP璇锋?澶存?杩??惧害?ラ????锛?

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/32517427.html

??瀹?浣?澶村???╁?澶淬??锛?

http://www.cnblogs.com/tongzhiyong/archive/2008/03/16/1108776.html

3.?娣卞?ヤ?瑙ｇ??

3.1 Cookie??Session

Cookie??Session?戒负浜??ㄦ?ヤ?瀛??舵??淇℃??锛??芥??淇?瀛?瀹㈡?风???舵?????哄?讹?瀹?浠??芥??涓轰?瑙ｅ??TTP???舵??????棰???????????????

Session??浠ョ??ookie?ュ???帮?涔???浠ョ??RL???????哄?舵?ュ???般????ookie?ュ???扮??Session??浠ヨ?や负??瀵?ookie?撮??绾х??搴??ㄣ??

3.1.1涓よ??姣?杈?

Cookie??Session??浠ヤ????剧??涓????癸?

1锛?Cookie灏??舵??淇?瀛??ㄥ?㈡?风??锛?Session灏??舵??淇?瀛??ㄦ???″?ㄧ??锛?

2锛?Cookies?????″?ㄥ?ㄦ???版?哄?ㄤ?瀛??ㄧ??灏?娈垫????骞堕??姣?涓?涓?璇锋??????冲??涓?涓????″?ㄣ??Cookie???╁??FC2109涓?瀹??帮???缁?RFC2965??浜?澧?寮恒??缃?缁????″?ㄧ??TTP澶村??瀹㈡?风??????cookies锛??ㄥ?㈡?风?绔?锛?娴?瑙??ㄨВ??杩?浜?cookies骞跺?瀹?浠?淇?瀛?涓轰?涓????版??浠讹?瀹?浼????ㄥ???涓????″?ㄧ??浠讳?璇锋?缂?涓?杩?浜?cookies??Session骞舵病????TTP????璁?涓?瀹?涔?锛?

3锛?Session????瀵规??涓?涓??ㄦ?风??锛????????间?瀛??ㄦ???″?ㄤ?锛??ㄤ?涓?sessionID?ュ?哄??????涓??ㄦ??ession????,杩?涓??兼????杩??ㄦ?风??娴?瑙??ㄥ?ㄨ?块?????跺??杩???缁????″???褰?瀹㈡?风???ookie?讹?杩?涓??间????借?剧疆涓虹??et?ヨ???缁????″???

4锛?灏卞???ㄦ?ф?ヨ?达?褰?浣?璁块??涓?涓?浣跨??ession???绔??癸????跺?ㄨ??宸辨?哄??涓?寤虹??涓?涓?cookie锛?寤鸿???ㄦ???″?ㄧ????SESSION?哄?舵?村???ㄤ?.??涓哄??涓?浼?浠绘??璇诲??瀹㈡?峰???ㄧ??淇℃????

3.1.2?Session?哄??/h3>

Session?哄?舵??涓?绉????″?ㄧ?????哄?讹????″?ㄤ娇?ㄤ?绉?绫讳技浜??ｅ??琛ㄧ??缁???锛?涔????藉氨??浣跨?ㄦ?ｅ??琛???ヤ?瀛?淇℃????

褰?绋?搴???瑕?涓烘??涓?瀹㈡?风????璇锋???寤轰?涓?session???跺??锛????″?ㄩ???妫??ヨ?涓?瀹㈡?风????璇锋???????凡????浜?涓?涓?session??璇??-?绉颁负session?id锛?濡???宸插????涓?涓?session?id??璇存??浠ュ??宸茬?涓烘?ゅ?㈡?风????寤鸿?session锛????″?ㄥ氨????ession?id??杩?涓??session妫?绱㈠?烘?ヤ娇???濡???妫?绱???帮????戒??板缓涓?涓?锛?锛?濡???瀹㈡?风??璇锋?涓?????session?id锛???涓烘?ゅ?㈡?风????寤轰?涓?session骞朵?????涓?涓?涓?姝?ession?稿?宠????session?id锛?session?id???煎?璇ユ??涓?涓????浼???澶?锛???涓?瀹规??琚??惧?拌?寰?浠ヤ豢????瀛?绗?覆锛?杩?涓??session?id灏?琚??ㄦ??娆″??搴?涓?杩???缁?瀹㈡?风??淇?瀛???

3.1.6?Session??瀹??版?瑰?

3.1.6.1 ?浣跨??ookie?ュ????/h4>

???″?ㄧ?姣?涓?Session????涓?涓???涓???JSESSIONID锛?骞堕??杩?Cookie????缁?瀹㈡?风????

褰?瀹㈡?风????璧锋?扮??璇锋????跺??锛?灏???ookie澶翠腑?哄甫杩?涓?JSESSIONID??杩??锋???″?ㄨ?藉??惧?拌?涓?瀹㈡?风??瀵瑰???Session??

娴?绋?濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

????

3.1.6.2 ?浣跨??RL???炬?ュ????/h4>

URL???????????″?ㄥ?ㄥ????缁?娴?瑙??ㄩ〉?㈢???????炬?ヤ腑?芥?哄甫JSESSIONID?????帮?杩??峰?㈡?风???瑰?讳换浣?涓?涓??炬?ラ?戒???JSESSIONID甯?????″?ㄣ??

濡????存?ュ?ㄦ?瑙??ㄨ??ユ???＄??璧?婧???url?ヨ?锋?璇ヨ?婧?锛??ｄ?Session???归??涓??扮????

Tomcat瀵?ession??瀹??帮???涓?寮?濮????朵娇??ookie??URL?????哄?讹?濡??????板?㈡?风??????Cookie锛?灏辩户缁?浣跨??ookie锛???姝?娇??RL??????濡???????ookie琚?绂????灏变??翠娇??RL??????jsp寮???澶?????ession???跺??锛?瀵归〉??腑???炬?ヨ?板?浣跨??esponse.encodeURL()???

3.1.3??2EE椤圭??涓?Session澶辨??????绉?????/h3>

1锛?Session瓒??讹?Session?ㄦ??瀹??堕?村??澶辨??锛?渚?濡?30????锛??ュ??0??????娌℃????浣?锛???Session浼?澶辨??锛?渚?濡???eb.xml涓?杩?琛?浜?濡?涓?璁剧疆锛?

<session-config>?

? ?? ???<session-timeout>30</session-timeout> //??浣?锛?????

? ? </session-config>

2锛?浣跨??ession.invalidate()??纭????绘??Session??

3.1.4涓?Cookie?稿?崇??HTTP?╁?澶?/h3>

1锛?Cookie锛?瀹㈡?风??灏????″?ㄨ?剧疆??Cookie杩????版???″???

2锛?Set-Cookie锛????″?ㄥ??瀹㈡?风??璁剧疆Cookie锛?

3锛?Cookie2?(RFC2965)锛?锛?瀹㈡?风????绀烘???″?ㄦ????Cookie??????锛?

4锛?Set-Cookie2?(RFC2965)锛????″?ㄥ??瀹㈡?风??璁剧疆Cookie??

3.1.5Cookie??娴?绋?

???″?ㄥ?ㄥ??搴?娑???涓???et-Cookie澶村?Cookie????瀹瑰????缁?瀹㈡?风??锛?瀹㈡?风???ㄦ?扮??璇锋?涓?灏??稿??????瀹规?哄甫??ookie澶翠腑????缁????″?ㄣ??浠???瀹??颁?璇???淇?????

娴?绋?濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

3.2?缂?瀛???瀹??板????

3.2.1浠?涔???Web缂?瀛?

WEB缂?瀛?(cache)浣?浜?Web???″?ㄥ??瀹㈡?风??涔??淬??

缂?瀛?浼??规??璇锋?淇?瀛?杈??哄??瀹圭??????锛?渚?濡?html椤甸????剧??锛???浠讹?褰?涓?涓?涓?璇锋??ュ?扮???跺??锛?濡??????稿????URL锛?缂?瀛??存?ヤ娇?ㄥ??????搴?璁块??璇锋?锛???涓?????婧????″?ㄥ??娆″????璇锋???

HTTP??璁?瀹?涔?浜??稿?崇??娑???澶存?ヤ娇WEB缂?瀛?灏藉???藉ソ??宸ヤ???

3.2.2缂?瀛???浼???/h3>

q????????灏??稿?寤惰?锛???涓鸿?锋?浠?缂?瀛????″???绂诲?㈡?风???磋?锛???涓???婧????″?ㄨ??稿?锛?杩?涓?杩?绋????舵?村?锛?璁?eb???″?ㄧ??涓??荤?稿??村揩??

q????????灏?缃?缁?甯??芥???锛?褰?????琚????ㄦ?朵???浣?瀹㈡?风????甯??芥???锛?瀹㈡?峰??浠ヨ????甯??借垂????у?跺甫瀹界????姹???澧??垮苟?存??浜?绠＄????

3.2.3涓?缂?瀛??稿?崇??HTTP?╁?娑???澶?/h3>

q??????Expires锛???绀哄??搴???瀹硅??????堕?达??兼??濞?娌绘?堕??MT

q??????Cache-Control锛??寸??寸???у?剁?瀛?????瀹?

q??????Last-Modified锛???搴?涓?璧?婧?????涓?娆′慨?圭???堕??

q??????ETag锛???搴?涓?璧?婧????￠???硷??ㄦ???″?ㄤ???涓??舵?垫????涓???璇?????

q??????Date锛????″?ㄧ???堕??

q??????If-Modified-Since锛?瀹㈡?风??瀛?????璇ヨ?婧?????涓?娆′慨?圭???堕?达???Last-Modified??

q??????If-None-Match锛?瀹㈡?风??瀛?????璇ヨ?婧???妫?楠??硷???ETag??

3.2.4瀹㈡?风??缂?瀛???????甯歌?娴?绋?

???″?ㄦ?跺?拌?锋??讹?浼???00OK涓?????璇ヨ?婧???Last-Modified??ETag澶达?瀹㈡?风??灏?璇ヨ?婧?淇?瀛???ache涓?锛?骞惰?板?杩?涓や釜灞??с??褰?瀹㈡?风????瑕??????稿????璇锋??讹?浼??ㄨ?锋?涓??哄甫If-Modified-Since??If-None-Match涓や釜澶淬??涓や釜澶寸???煎????????搴?涓?Last-Modified??ETag澶寸???笺?????″?ㄩ??杩?杩?涓や釜澶村?ゆ?????拌?婧???????????锛?瀹㈡?风??涓???瑕????颁?杞斤?杩???304??搴???甯歌?娴?绋?濡?涓??炬??绀猴?

3.2.5?Web缂?瀛??哄??/h3>

HTTP/1.1涓?缂?瀛?????????涓轰??ㄥ?澶????典???灏?????璇锋?锛????跺?ㄨ?稿????典???浠ヤ???瑕?????瀹??村??搴?????????灏?浜?缃?缁???璺????伴??锛?HTTP?╃?ㄤ?涓???杩???锛?expiration锛????哄?舵?ヤ负姝ょ????????????灏?浜?缃?缁?搴??ㄧ??甯??斤?HTTP?ㄢ??楠?璇?锛?validation锛????哄?舵?ヤ负姝ょ??????

HTTP瀹?涔?浜?3绉?缂?瀛??哄?讹?

1锛?Freshness锛???璁镐?涓???搴?娑?????浠ュ?ㄦ????″?ㄤ?琚????版??ワ?骞朵???浠ョ?辨???″?ㄥ??瀹㈡?风???ユ?у?躲??渚?濡?锛?Expires??搴?澶寸?浜?涓?涓???妗ｄ????ㄧ???堕?淬??Cache-Control涓???max-age??璇?????浜?缂?瀛??????挎?堕?达?

2锛?Validation锛??ㄦ?ユ??ヤ互涓?涓?缂?瀛?????搴???????跺???ㄣ??渚?濡?锛?濡???涓?涓???搴???涓?涓?Last-Modified??搴?澶达?缂?瀛??藉?浣跨??f-Modified-Since?ュ?ゆ??????凡?瑰??锛?浠ヤ究?ゆ???规?????靛????璇锋?锛?

3锛?Invalidation锛???ㄥ???涓?璇锋???杩?缂?瀛????跺??锛?甯稿父??涓?涓???浣??ㄣ??渚?濡?锛?濡???涓?涓?URL?宠???颁?涓?缂?瀛???搴?锛?浣????跺??璺???POST??PUT??DELETE??璇锋???璇?锛?缂?瀛?灏变?杩?????

3.3????圭画浼???澶?绾跨?涓?杞界??瀹??板????

q??????HTTP??璁???GET?规?锛???????璇锋???涓?璧?婧?????涓??ㄥ??锛?

q??????206 Partial Content??ㄥ????瀹瑰??搴?锛?

q??????Range?璇锋???璧?婧????达?

q??????Content-Range???搴???璧?婧????达?

q???????ㄨ??ユ??寮???杩??讹?瀹㈡?风????璇锋?璇ヨ?婧???涓?杞界???ㄥ??锛???涓??????拌?锋??翠釜璧?婧?锛??ュ???版???圭画浼???

????璇锋?璧?婧?瀹?渚?锛?

Eg1锛?Range: bytes=306302-?锛?璇锋?杩?涓?璧?婧?浠?306302涓?瀛????版??灏剧???ㄥ??锛?

Eg2锛?Content-Range: bytes 306302-604047/604048锛???搴?涓???绀烘?哄甫????璇ヨ?婧???绗?306302-604047??瀛???锛?璇ヨ?婧???04048涓?瀛???锛?

瀹㈡?风????杩?骞跺????璇锋??稿??璧?婧???涓?????娈碉??ュ???板?规??涓?璧?婧???骞跺??????涓?杞姐??浠???杈惧?板揩??涓?杞界????????????娴?琛???FlashGet??杩??峰?烘???芥??杩?涓???????

澶?绾跨?涓?杞界??????锛?

q??????涓?杞藉伐?峰???澶?涓?????TTP璇锋???绾跨?锛?

q??????姣?涓?http璇锋???璇锋?璧?婧???浠剁??涓??ㄥ??锛?Content-Range: bytes 20000-40000/47000锛?

q????????骞舵??涓?绾跨?涓?杞界????浠躲??

3.4 https??淇¤?绋?

3.4.1浠?涔???https

HTTPS锛??ㄧО锛?Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer锛?锛???浠ュ???ㄤ负??????HTTP????锛?绠???璁叉??HTTP??瀹??ㄧ??????TTP涓?????SL灞?锛?HTTPS??瀹??ㄥ?虹???SSL锛???姝ゅ??瀵???璇????瀹硅?风??SSL??

瑙?涓??撅?

???

https???ㄧ??绔??ｅ?锋??443??

3.4.2?https??瀹??板????

??涓ょ??烘??????瑙ｅ??绠?娉?绫诲??锛?

1锛?瀵圭О??瀵?锛?瀵??ュ????涓?涓?锛???瀵?瑙ｅ??涓哄??涓?涓?瀵???锛?涓???瑙ｅ????搴?揩锛??稿????瀵圭О??瀵?绠?娉???DES??AES绛?锛?

2锛???瀵圭О??瀵?锛?瀵??ユ??瀵瑰?虹?帮?涓??规?????ユ??娉??ㄧ?ョ??ワ??规??绉??ヤ???娉??ㄧ?ュ???ワ?锛???瀵?瑙ｅ??浣跨?ㄤ???瀵??ワ????ュ??瀵???瑕?绉??ヨВ瀵?锛?绉??ュ??瀵???瑕????ヨВ瀵?锛?锛??稿?瑰?圭О??瀵???搴??????稿??????瀵圭О??瀵?绠?娉???RSA??DSA绛???

涓??㈢??涓?涓?https????淇¤?绋?锛?

???

https??淇＄??浼??癸?

1锛?瀹㈡?风??浜х????瀵??ュ????瀹㈡?风???????″?ㄧ???藉??帮?

2锛???瀵????版??????瀹㈡?风???????″?ㄧ?????藉??版????锛?

3锛?瀹㈡?风???版???＄??????淇℃??瀹??ㄧ????

3.5 http浠ｇ??

3.5.1?http浠ｇ?????″??/h3>

浠ｇ?????″?ㄨ?辨???ㄧО??Proxy Server锛??跺???藉氨??浠ｇ??缃?缁??ㄦ?峰?诲??寰?缃?缁?淇℃????褰㈣薄??璇达?瀹???缃?缁?淇℃????涓?杞?绔???

浠ｇ?????″?ㄦ??浠?浜?娴?瑙??ㄥ??Web???″?ㄤ??寸??涓??版???″?????浜?瀹?涔???锛?娴?瑙??ㄤ????存?ュ??eb???″?ㄥ?诲????缃?椤佃??????浠ｇ?????″?ㄥ???鸿?锋?锛?Request淇″?蜂??????颁唬?????″????变唬?????″?ㄦ?ュ????娴?瑙??ㄦ????瑕???淇℃??骞朵???缁?浣???娴?瑙??ㄣ??

??涓?锛?澶ч?ㄥ??浠ｇ?????″?ㄩ?藉?锋??缂??茬?????斤?灏卞ソ璞′?涓?澶х??Cache锛?瀹???寰?澶х??瀛??ㄧ┖?达?瀹?涓???灏??板??寰??版???ㄥ???板?????虹??瀛??ㄥ?ㄤ?锛?濡???娴?瑙??ㄦ??璇锋????版???ㄥ?????虹??瀛??ㄥ?ㄤ?宸茬?瀛??ㄨ??涓??????扮??锛??ｄ?瀹?灏变????颁?Web???″?ㄥ???版??锛????存?ュ?瀛??ㄥ?ㄤ????版??浼???缁??ㄦ?风??娴?瑙????杩??峰氨?芥?捐????楂?娴?瑙???搴?????????

?撮??瑕?????锛?Proxy Server(浠ｇ?????″????Internet?捐矾绾х??虫????渚???涓?绉???瑕???瀹??ㄥ???斤?瀹???宸ヤ?涓昏??ㄥ??剧郴缁?浜???(OSI)妯″????瀵硅??灞???

3.5.2?http浠ｇ?????″?ㄧ??涓昏?????/h3>

涓昏????藉?涓?锛?

1锛?绐??磋??韬?IP璁块?????讹?璁块???藉?绔??广??濡?锛????茬???169缃?绛?缃?缁??ㄦ?峰??浠ラ??杩?浠ｇ??璁块???藉?缃?绔?锛?

2锛?璁块??涓?浜???浣?????????ㄨ?婧?锛?濡???澶у??TP(??????璇ヤ唬???板???ㄨ?ヨ?婧?????璁歌?块?????翠???)锛?浣跨?ㄦ???茬????板??娈靛??璐逛唬?????″???灏卞??浠ョ?ㄤ?瀵规???猜?缃?寮??剧????绫?TP涓?杞戒?浼?锛?浠ュ????绫昏????ヨ?㈠?变韩绛????★?

3锛?绐??翠腑?界?典俊??IP灏???锛?涓??界?典俊?ㄦ?锋??寰?澶?缃?绔???琚????惰?块????锛?杩?绉????舵??浜轰负??锛?涓???Serve瀵瑰?板????灏?????涓?????????浠ヤ??借?块???跺??浠ユ???涓??铰?澶???浠ｇ?????″?ㄨ??璇?锛?

4锛???楂?璁块????搴????甯镐唬?????″?ㄩ?借?剧疆涓?涓?杈?澶х??纭???缂??插?猴?褰???澶?????淇℃????杩??讹????朵?灏??朵?瀛??扮??插?轰腑锛?褰??朵??ㄦ?峰??璁块???稿????淇℃???讹?????存?ョ?辩??插?轰腑???轰俊??锛?浼?缁??ㄦ?凤?浠ユ??楂?璁块????搴??

5锛???????瀹?IP锛?涓?缃???涔???浠ラ??杩?杩?绉??规???????宸辩??IP锛??????诲?汇??

3.5.3?http浠ｇ???剧ず

http浠ｇ?????剧ず瑙?涓??撅?

??

瀵逛?瀹㈡?风??娴?瑙??ㄨ??瑷?锛?http浠ｇ?????″?ㄧ?稿?浜????″?ㄣ??

??瀵逛?Web???″?ㄨ??瑷?锛?http浠ｇ?????″?ㄥ????褰?浜?瀹㈡?风????瑙??层??

3.6?????涓绘?虹??瀹???/h2>

3.6.1浠?涔???????涓绘??/h3>

????涓绘?猴????ㄧ?缁????″?ㄤ??????轰?瀹???纾???绌洪?翠??ㄦ?锋?剧疆绔??广??搴??ㄧ?浠剁??锛???渚?蹇?瑕???绔??瑰???戒??版??瀛??俱??浼?杈????姐????

??璋?????涓绘?猴?涔?????缃?绔?绌洪?粹??灏辨????涓??拌?琛??ㄤ???缃?涓??????″?ㄥ??????澶?涓??????????????″???姣?涓?涓?????涓绘?洪?藉?锋????绔?????????瀹??寸??Internet???″???????WWW??FTP??E-mail绛?锛????姐??涓??版???″?ㄤ???涓???????涓绘?烘????????绔???锛?骞剁?辩?ㄦ?疯??琛?绠＄????浣?涓??版???″?ㄤ富?哄???藉?????涓?瀹??伴????????涓绘?猴?褰?瓒?杩?杩?涓??伴???讹??ㄦ?峰?浼????版?ц?芥?ュ?т?????

3.6.2????涓绘?虹??瀹??板????

????涓绘?烘???ㄥ??涓?涓?WEB???″???涓轰???????缃?绔???渚????＄????????Apache??Tomcat绛???????杩???缃?瀹??拌?涓????姐??

?稿?崇??HTTP娑???澶达?Host??

渚?濡?锛?Host:?www.baidu.com

瀹㈡?风??????HTTP璇锋????跺??锛?浼??哄甫Host澶达?Host澶磋?板?????瀹㈡?风??杈??ョ????????杩??锋???″?ㄥ??浠ユ?规??Host澶寸‘璁ゅ?㈡?疯?璁块????????涓?涓???????

??褰?锛?????璧???

????瑙?ookie??Session?哄?躲??锛?

http://sumongh.javaeye.com/blog/82498

??娴???HTTP??璁???锛?

http://203.208.39.132/search?q=cache:CdXly_88gjIJ:www.cnblogs.com/gpcuster/archive/2009/05/25/1488749.html+http%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE+web%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98&cd=27&hl=zh-CN&ct=clnk&gl=cn&st_usg=ALhdy2-vzOcP8XTG1h7lcRr2GJrkTbH2Cg

??http浠ｇ??_?惧害?剧???锛?

http://baike.baidu.com/view/1159398.htm

??????涓绘???惧害?剧???锛?

http://baike.baidu.com/view/7383.htm

??https_?惧害?剧???锛?

http://baike.baidu.com/view/14121.htm