【CentOS7】安装Python3

一、完善Linux环境，安装需要的工具

CentOS7默认已经安装了Python2.7，所以如果还需要安装Python3的话需要安装需要的工具以及相关包（这里统一采用Yum命令安装），当然以及安装过的可以跳过

gcc

yum install gcc
           

zlib-devel

yum install zlib-devel
           

openssl-devel

yum install openssl-devel
           

bzip2-devel

yum install bzip2-devel
           

ncurses-devel

yum install ncurses-devel
           

sqlite-devel

yum install sqlite-devel
           

readline-devel

yum install readline-devel
           

tk-devel

yum install tk-devel
           

二、下载安装Python3

1.下载Python3安装包

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tgz
           

2.解压安装包

tar -xzvf Python-3.6.2.tgz
           

3.配置安装

cd Python-3.6.2
           

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-shared --with-ssl

4.安装

make && make install
           

5.清除编译的可执行文件和配置文件以及所有生成的文件

make clean
           

make distclean

三、系统配置

1.新建python3软连接

cd /usr/bin
           

[[email protected] bin]# ls -ltr python*
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7136 Nov 19  2015 python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    9 Sep  4 11:25 python2 -> python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    7 Sep  4 11:25 python -> python2
[[email protected] bin]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
[[email protected] bin]# ls -ltr python*
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 7136 Nov 19  2015 python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    9 Sep  4 11:25 python2 -> python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    7 Sep  4 11:25 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   32 Sep  5 11:24 python3 -> /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6
           

然后就可以直接输入python3来启动python3了

四、错误解决

1、启动python3时的错误

[[email protected] bin]# python3
python3: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.6m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
           

解决办法：

[[email protected] bin]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
[[email protected] ld.so.conf.d]# dir
dyninst-x86_64.conf  kernel-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64.conf	mariadb-x86_64.conf
[[email protected] ld.so.conf.d]# vim python3.conf
           

#在python3.conf文件里面输入 /usr/local/python3/lib 然后保存并退出
           

[[email protected] ld.so.conf.d]# ldconfig
[[email protected] ld.so.conf.d]# python3
Python 3.6.2 (default, Sep  5 2017, 10:47:56)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>