什么是网络地址转换 nat
In corporate networks or internet works on dominantly on IP protocol. IP protocols have two versions. Most popular default one is IPv4 and other next-generation by not so widespread version are IPv6. IPv6 have a lot of advantages against IPv4 but as you know changing and infrastructure through world wide is not so easy job. Now our question is what is Network Address Translation simply NAT.
在公司网络或Internet中，主要使用IP协议。 IP协议有两个版本。 最流行的默认版本是IPv4，其他不太流行的下一代版本是IPv6。 IPv6相对于IPv4具有很多优势，但是众所周知，通过全球范围内的变化和基础架构并不是一件容易的事。 现在我们的问题是什么是网络地址转换(简称NAT)。
NAT示例 (NAT Example)
In Local Area Networks (LAN) IP range of 192.168.0.0/24, 172.16.0.0/20 and 10.0.0.0/8 are used. These IP ranges are dedicated from IANA and do not use on the internet. Other IP addresses are used by the Internet. So the problem is what will happen when a host in the LAN wants to access the internet because LAN IP range cannot be used for internet? There must be an IP address used and reserved for the internet. The address will be used for internet-related network traffic. We will continue with the following IP address.
在局域网(LAN)中，IP范围为192.168.0.0/24、172.16.0.0/20和10.0.0.0/8。 这些IP范围专用于IANA，不在Internet上使用。 Internet使用其他IP地址。 所以问题是当LAN中的主机由于LAN IP范围不能用于Internet而想要访问Internet时会发生什么？ 必须有一个用于Internet并保留的IP地址。 该地址将用于与Internet相关的网络流量。 我们将继续以下IP地址。
Host LAN IP Address: 192.168.1.10
Source Internet Address: 1.1.1.1
Destination Internet Address: 2.2.2.2 NAT拓扑 (NAT Topology)
To access destination IP address 2.2.2.2 LAN host 192.168.1.10 goes through firewall 1.1.1.1. The IP address 1.1.1.1 is used by 192.168.1.10 on the internet to identify itself. Packets arriving at the 2.2.2.2 have source address 1.1.1.1. We call this source address translation operation as NAT simply. Actually there is a different type of mechanisms in NAT.
要访问目标IP地址2.2.2.2，LAN主机192.168.1.10穿过防火墙1.1.1.1。 IP地址1.1.1.1被Internet上的192.168.1.10用于标识自己。 到达2.2.2.2的数据包的源地址为1.1.1.1。 我们将此源地址转换操作简称为NAT。 实际上，NAT中有不同类型的机制。
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翻译自: https://www.poftut.com/network-address-translation-nat/
什么是网络地址转换 nat