20200325
参考：
《Deepin Linux v15.11显卡驱动安装Bumblebee》
《Bumblebee》
案例：
微星GT60(4600集显、770M独显)在安装Deepin后，默认使用的是开源驱动。
lspci|grep VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 06)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK106M [GeForce GTX 770M] (rev ff)
lspci -v -s 01:00.0
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK106M [GeForce GTX 770M] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] GK106M [GeForce GTX 770M]
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 38
Memory at f6000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
I/O ports at e000 [size=128]
Expansion ROM at f7000000 [disabled] [size=512K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: nouveau
Kernel modules: nvidia
optirun glxinfo | egrep "OpenGL vendor|OpenGL render"
primus: fatal: failed to load any of the libraries: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1:/usr/lib/nvidia/libGL.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
/usr/lib/nvidia/libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
nvidia-smi
无法获得独显信息
如果想在集显和独显之间自由切换，就要用显卡驱动管理器选择大黄蜂方案。但问题是，选择大黄蜂方案后，依然无法通过optirun命令让独显工作。
optirun ./heaven
Loading "/home/wdhuag/.Heaven/heaven_4.0.cfg"...
Loading "libGPUMonitor_x64.so"...
Loading "libGL.so.1"...
primus: fatal: failed to load any of the libraries: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1:/usr/lib/nvidia/libGL.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
/usr/lib/nvidia/libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Loading "/home/wdhuag/.Heaven/heaven_4.0.cfg"...
Loading "libGPUMonitor_x64.so"...
Loading "libGL.so.1"...
primus: fatal: failed to load any of the libraries: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1:/usr/lib/nvidia/libGL.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/nvidia/libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
/usr/lib/nvidia/libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
正确的安装步骤（关键）：
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install bumblebee-nvidia primus primus-libs:i386 libgl1-nvidia-glx:i386 nvidia-settings
sudo apt-get install plymouth-themes
以下是验证：
optirun glxinfo | egrep "OpenGL vendor|OpenGL render"
OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation
OpenGL renderer string: GeForce GTX 770M/PCIe/SSE2
lspci | grep -i nvidia
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK106M [GeForce GTX 770M] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GK106 HDMI Audio Controller (rev ff)
lspci -v -s 01:00.0
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK106M [GeForce GTX 770M] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] GK106M [GeForce GTX 770M]
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 38
Memory at f6000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M]
I/O ports at e000 [size=128]
[virtual] Expansion ROM at f7000000 [disabled] [size=512K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: nvidia
Kernel modules: nvidia
optirun glxinfo|grep NVIDIA
server glx vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation
OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.5.0 NVIDIA 390.87
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.50 NVIDIA
OpenGL version string: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 390.87
OpenGL shading language version string: 4.60 NVIDIA
bumblebeed --version
bumblebeed (Bumblebee) 3.2.1
Copyright (C) 2011 The Bumblebee Project
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
optirun --status
Bumblebee status: Ready (3.2.1). X inactive. Discrete video card is off.
optirun glxgears -info
GL_RENDERER = GeForce GTX 770M/PCIe/SSE2
GL_VERSION = 4.6.0 NVIDIA 390.87
GL_VENDOR = NVIDIA Corporation
GL_EXTENSIONS = GL_AMD_multi_draw_indirect GL_AMD_seamless_cubemap_per_texture GL_ARB_arrays_of_arrays GL_ARB_base_instance GL_ARB_bindless_texture GL_ARB_blend_func_extended GL_ARB_buffer_storage GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object GL_ARB_clear_texture GL_ARB_clip_control GL_ARB_color_buffer_float GL_ARB_compatibility GL_ARB_compressed_texture_pixel_storage GL_ARB_conservative_depth GL_ARB_compute_shader GL_ARB_compute_variable_group_size GL_ARB_conditional_render_inverted GL_ARB_copy_buffer GL_ARB_copy_image GL_ARB_cull_distance GL_ARB_debug_output GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float GL_ARB_depth_clamp GL_ARB_depth_texture GL_ARB_derivative_control GL_ARB_direct_state_access GL_ARB_draw_buffers GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend GL_ARB_draw_indirect GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex GL_ARB_draw_instanced GL_ARB_enhanced_layouts GL_ARB_ES2_compatibility GL_ARB_ES3_compatibility GL_ARB_ES3_1_compatibility GL_ARB_ES3_2_compatibility GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location GL_ARB_explicit_uniform_location GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions GL_ARB_fragment_layer_viewport GL_ARB_fragment_program GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow GL_ARB_fragment_shader GL_ARB_framebuffer_no_attachments GL_ARB_framebuffer_object GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB GL_ARB_geometry_shader4 GL_ARB_get_program_binary GL_ARB_get_texture_sub_image GL_ARB_gl_spirv GL_ARB_gpu_shader5 GL_ARB_gpu_shader_fp64 GL_ARB_gpu_shader_int64 GL_ARB_half_float_pixel GL_ARB_half_float_vertex GL_ARB_imaging GL_ARB_indirect_parameters GL_ARB_instanced_arrays GL_ARB_internalformat_query GL_ARB_internalformat_query2 GL_ARB_invalidate_subdata GL_ARB_map_buffer_alignment GL_ARB_map_buffer_range GL_ARB_multi_bind GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect GL_ARB_multisample GL_ARB_multitexture GL_ARB_occlusion_query GL_ARB_occlusion_query2 GL_ARB_parallel_shader_compile GL_ARB_pipeline_statistics_query GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object GL_ARB_point_parameters GL_ARB_point_sprite GL_ARB_polygon_offset_clamp GL_ARB_program_interface_query GL_ARB_provoking_vertex GL_ARB_query_buffer_object GL_ARB_robust_buffer_access_behavior GL_ARB_robustness GL_ARB_sample_shading GL_ARB_sampler_objects GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map GL_ARB_seamless_cubemap_per_texture GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects GL_ARB_shader_atomic_counter_ops GL_ARB_shader_atomic_counters GL_ARB_shader_ballot GL_ARB_shader_bit_encoding GL_ARB_shader_clock GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters GL_ARB_shader_group_vote GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store GL_ARB_shader_image_size GL_ARB_shader_objects GL_ARB_shader_precision GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object GL_ARB_shader_subroutine GL_ARB_shader_texture_image_samples GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod GL_ARB_shading_language_100 GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack GL_ARB_shading_language_include GL_ARB_shading_language_packing GL_ARB_shadow GL_ARB_sparse_buffer GL_ARB_sparse_texture GL_ARB_spirv_extensions GL_ARB_stencil_texturing GL_ARB_sync GL_ARB_tessellation_shader GL_ARB_texture_barrier GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object_rgb32 GL_ARB_texture_buffer_range GL_ARB_texture_compression GL_ARB_texture_compression_bptc GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc GL_ARB_texture_cube_map GL_ARB_texture_cube_map_array GL_ARB_texture_env_add GL_ARB_texture_env_combine GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3 GL_ARB_texture_filter_anisotropic GL_ARB_texture_float GL_ARB_texture_gather GL_ARB_texture_mirror_clamp_to_edge GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat GL_ARB_texture_multisample GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two GL_ARB_texture_query_levels GL_ARB_texture_query_lod GL_ARB_texture_rectangle GL_ARB_texture_rg GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui GL_ARB_texture_stencil8 GL_ARB_texture_storage GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample GL_ARB_texture_swizzle GL_ARB_texture_view GL_ARB_timer_query GL_ARB_transform_feedback2 GL_ARB_transform_feedback3 GL_ARB_transform_feedback_instanced GL_ARB_transform_feedback_overflow_query GL_ARB_transpose_matrix GL_ARB_uniform_buffer_object GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra GL_ARB_vertex_array_object GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_64bit GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object GL_ARB_vertex_program GL_ARB_vertex_shader GL_ARB_vertex_type_10f_11f_11f_rev GL_ARB_vertex_type_2_10_10_10_rev GL_ARB_viewport_array GL_ARB_window_pos GL_ATI_draw_buffers GL_ATI_texture_float GL_ATI_texture_mirror_once GL_S3_s3tc GL_EXT_texture_env_add GL_EXT_abgr GL_EXT_bgra GL_EXT_bindable_uniform GL_EXT_blend_color GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate GL_EXT_blend_func_separate GL_EXT_blend_minmax GL_EXT_blend_subtract GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array GL_EXT_Cg_shader GL_EXT_depth_bounds_test GL_EXT_direct_state_access GL_EXT_draw_buffers2 GL_EXT_draw_instanced GL_EXT_draw_range_elements GL_EXT_fog_coord GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample GL_EXTX_framebuffer_mixed_formats GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample_blit_scaled GL_EXT_framebuffer_object GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB GL_EXT_geometry_shader4 GL_EXT_gpu_program_parameters GL_EXT_gpu_shader4 GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil GL_EXT_packed_float GL_EXT_packed_pixels GL_EXT_pixel_buffer_object GL_EXT_point_parameters GL_EXT_polygon_offset_clamp GL_EXT_provoking_vertex GL_EXT_rescale_normal GL_EXT_secondary_color GL_EXT_separate_shader_objects GL_EXT_separate_specular_color GL_EXT_shader_image_load_store GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix GL_EXT_shadow_funcs GL_EXT_stencil_two_side GL_EXT_stencil_wrap GL_EXT_texture3D GL_EXT_texture_array GL_EXT_texture_buffer_object GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1 GL_EXT_texture_compression_latc GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc GL_EXT_texture_cube_map GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp GL_EXT_texture_env_combine GL_EXT_texture_env_dot3 GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic GL_EXT_texture_integer GL_EXT_texture_lod GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias GL_EXT_texture_mirror_clamp GL_EXT_texture_object GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent GL_EXT_texture_sRGB GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode GL_EXT_texture_storage GL_EXT_texture_swizzle GL_EXT_timer_query GL_EXT_transform_feedback2 GL_EXT_vertex_array GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra GL_EXT_vertex_attrib_64bit GL_EXT_window_rectangles GL_EXT_x11_sync_object GL_EXT_import_sync_object GL_NV_robustness_video_memory_purge GL_IBM_rasterpos_clip GL_IBM_texture_mirrored_repeat GL_KHR_context_flush_control GL_KHR_debug GL_EXT_memory_object GL_EXT_memory_object_fd GL_KHR_parallel_shader_compile GL_KHR_no_error GL_KHR_robust_buffer_access_behavior GL_KHR_robustness GL_EXT_semaphore GL_EXT_semaphore_fd GL_KTX_buffer_region GL_NV_alpha_to_coverage_dither_control GL_NV_bindless_multi_draw_indirect GL_NV_bindless_multi_draw_indirect_count GL_NV_bindless_texture GL_NV_blend_equation_advanced GL_NV_blend_square GL_NV_command_list GL_NV_compute_program5 GL_NV_conditional_render GL_NV_copy_depth_to_color GL_NV_copy_image GL_NV_depth_buffer_float GL_NV_depth_clamp GL_NV_draw_texture GL_NV_draw_vulkan_image GL_NV_ES1_1_compatibility GL_NV_ES3_1_compatibility GL_NV_explicit_multisample GL_NV_fence GL_NV_float_buffer GL_NV_fog_distance GL_NV_fragment_program GL_NV_fragment_program_option GL_NV_fragment_program2 GL_NV_framebuffer_multisample_coverage GL_NV_geometry_shader4 GL_NV_gpu_program4 GL_NV_internalformat_sample_query GL_NV_gpu_program4_1 GL_NV_gpu_program5 GL_NV_gpu_program5_mem_extended GL_NV_gpu_program_fp64 GL_NV_gpu_shader5 GL_NV_half_float GL_NV_light_max_exponent GL_NV_multisample_coverage GL_NV_multisample_filter_hint GL_NV_occlusion_query GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil GL_NV_parameter_buffer_object GL_NV_parameter_buffer_object2 GL_NV_path_rendering GL_NV_pixel_data_range GL_NV_point_sprite GL_NV_primitive_restart GL_NV_query_resource GL_NV_query_resource_tag GL_NV_register_combiners GL_NV_register_combiners2 GL_NV_shader_atomic_counters GL_NV_shader_atomic_float GL_NV_shader_buffer_load GL_NV_shader_storage_buffer_object GL_NV_texgen_reflection GL_NV_texture_barrier GL_NV_texture_compression_vtc GL_NV_texture_env_combine4 GL_NV_texture_multisample GL_NV_texture_rectangle GL_NV_texture_rectangle_compressed GL_NV_texture_shader GL_NV_texture_shader2 GL_NV_texture_shader3 GL_NV_transform_feedback GL_NV_transform_feedback2 GL_NV_uniform_buffer_unified_memory GL_NV_vdpau_interop GL_NV_vertex_array_range GL_NV_vertex_array_range2 GL_NV_vertex_attrib_integer_64bit GL_NV_vertex_buffer_unified_memory GL_NV_vertex_program GL_NV_vertex_program1_1 GL_NV_vertex_program2 GL_NV_vertex_program2_option GL_NV_vertex_program3 GL_NVX_conditional_render GL_NVX_gpu_memory_info GL_NVX_nvenc_interop GL_NV_shader_thread_group GL_NV_shader_thread_shuffle GL_KHR_blend_equation_advanced GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap GL_SGIS_texture_lod GL_SGIX_depth_texture GL_SGIX_shadow GL_SUN_slice_accum
VisualID 224, 0xe0
305 frames in 5.0 seconds = 60.846 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.939 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.935 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.937 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.935 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.937 FPS
300 frames in 5.0 seconds = 59.934 FPS
primus: warning: dropping a frame to avoid deadlock
XIO: fatal IO error 11 (Resource temporarily unavailable) on X server ":0"
after 38 requests (38 known processed) with 0 events remaining.
primus: warning: dropping a frame to avoid deadlock
primus: warning: timeout waiting for display worker
optirun --status
Bumblebee status: Ready (3.2.1). X is PID 7780, 2 applications using bumblebeed.
nvidia-smi
Wed Mar 25 20:27:42 2020
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 390.87 Driver Version: 390.87 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 GeForce GTX 770M Off | 00000000:01:00.0 N/A | N/A |
| 0% 64C P8 N/A / N/A | 896MiB / 3018MiB | N/A Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: GPU Memory |
| GPU PID Type Process name Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 0 Not Supported |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1秒刷新
watch -n 1 -d nvidia-smi
optirun nvidia-settings -c :8
使用独显运行命令：
optirun command
primusrun command
举例：
cd /home/用户名/.steam/steam/steamapps/common/Unturned
optirun ./Unturned.x86_64
PS：
optirun --h
Usage: optirun [OPTION]... command [command options...]
Run an application using the discrete video card.
--failsafe run a program even if the nvidia card is unavailable
--no-failsafe do not run a program if the nvidia card is unavailable
--no-xorg do not start secondary X server (implies -b none)
-b, --bridge METHOD acceleration/displaying bridge to use. Valid values
are auto, virtualgl and primus. The --vgl-* options
only make sense when using the virtualgl bridge,
while the --primus-* options apply only when using
the primus bridge.
Additionally, value none is recognized, and its effect
is to add paths to driver libraries to LD_LIBRARY_PATH
(useful for nvidia-settings and CUDA applications)
-c, --vgl-compress METHOD image compression or transport to use with
VirtualGL. Valid values for METHOD are proxy,
jpeg, rgb, xv and yuv. Changing this setting
may affect performance, CPU usage and image
quality
--vgl-options OPTS a space-separated list of command options to be
passed to vglrun. Useful for debugging virtualgl
by passing options to it like +tr. These OPTS
override the settings from optirun so be careful
with setting it
--primus-ldpath PATH a colon-separated list of paths which are searched
for the primus libGL.so.1
-q, --quiet, --silent suppresses all logging messages
-v, --verbose increase the verbosity level of log messages. It
can be specified up to two times (or five if
--quiet is used)
--debug show all logging messages by setting the verbosity
level to the maximum
-C, --config FILE retrieve settings for Bumblebee from FILE
-d, --display VDISPLAY find the Bumblebee X server on VDISPLAY. Do not
confuse this option with the DISPLAY environment
variable. By default, PATH is queried from the
daemon
-l, --ldpath PATH libraries like libGL.so are searched in PATH
(useful for the nvidia driver). By default, PATH
is queried from the
-s, --socket FILENAME use FILENAME for communication with the daemon
-h, --help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Examples:
optirun glxspheres Runs the graphics demo supplied with Virtual GL.
optirun -c yuv glxspheres Runs a program with the yuv transport method for
better performance.
optirun firefox http://example.com Run a program with arguments.
Report bugs on <http://Bumblebee-Project.org/issues>
Bumblebee homepage: <http://Bumblebee-Project.org/>