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JNDI全攻略之(二)

关键字:JNDI,J2EE,Java,命名和目录接口,Java Naming and Directory Interface

摘要:本文详细介绍了JNDI的目录相关内容,并以DNS Service Provider为例进行了示例代码的演示.本文为系列文章的第二篇,JNDI的基础内容请见本系列的第一篇

总述:

目录(Directory)可看作是对命名(Naming)的一个扩充,一个目录对象不仅像命名一样,而且还提供的对属性(Attributes)的操作.由API文档可知,javax.naming.directory.DirContext 类扩展自Context接口,同样,javax.naming.directory.InitialDirContext也扩展自 javax.naming.InitialContext,由此也可看出目录操作完全支持命名操作。下面给出一个DNS Service Provider例子以演示有关目录的一些操作:

<!-- Code creation by HtmlSave Eclipse Plug-in (C) 2005 Morten Moeller / eclipse.moelleryoung.com -->  * Created on 2005-11-17

package com.sily.jndi;

import java.util.Properties;

public class TestDNSJndi {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Properties env = new Properties();

        env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,

                "com.sun.jndi.dns.DnsContextFactory");

         //此IP一定要为要访问的DNS服务器的IP,可通过网络设置查看

        env.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, "dns://10.17.45.239");

        DirContext ctx = new InitialDirContext(env);

        System.out.println("a:" + ctx);

        DirContext ctx1 = (DirContext) ctx.lookup("www.sina.com");

        System.out.println("b:" + ctx1);

        printAttributes("c:", ctx1.getAttributes(""));

         //从ctx.getAttributes("www.sina.com")与ctx1.getAttributes("")结果一样

        printAttributes("d:", ctx.getAttributes("www.sina.com"));

        Attributes attrs1 = ctx.getAttributes("www.sina.com",

                new String[] { "a" });

        Attributes attrs2 = ctx.getAttributes("www.163.com",

                new String[] { "a" });

        Attributes attrs3 = ctx1.getAttributes("", new String[] { "a" });

        Attributes attrs4 = ctx.getAttributes("www.baidu.com",

                new String[] { "a" });

        printAttributes("e:", attrs1);

        printAttributes("f:", attrs2);

        printAttributes("g:", attrs3);

        printAttributes("attrs4:", attrs4);

        System.out.println("nameParse:"+ctx1.getNameInNamespace());

         //list,此方法会导致程序lock

         //listEnumation("list:",ctx.list(""));

         //----------------------search

        Attributes matchAttrs = new BasicAttributes(true);

        matchAttrs.put(new BasicAttribute("a", "61.172.201.13"));

        NamingEnumeration answer = ctx1.search("www.sina.com", matchAttrs);

        printNamingEnumeration("search :", answer);

    }

    public static void printAttributes(String tag, Attributes attres)

            throws Exception {

        for (NamingEnumeration ae = attres.getAll(); ae.hasMore();) {

            Attribute attr = (Attribute) ae.next();

            System.out

                    .println(tag

                            + "-----------------------------------------------\nattribute: "

                            + attr.getID());

            for (NamingEnumeration e = attr.getAll(); e.hasMore(); System.out

                    .println("value: " + e.next()))

                ;

        }

    }

    public static void listEnumation(String tag, NamingEnumeration name)

            throws Exception {

        for (; name.hasMore();) {

            NameClassPair nameClass = (NameClassPair) name.next();

            System.out

                    .println(tag

                            + "-----------------------------------------------\nattribute: "

                            + nameClass.getName() + ":"

                            + nameClass.getClassName());

        }

    }

    public static void printNamingEnumeration(String tag, NamingEnumeration e)

            throws Exception {

        for (; e.hasMore();) {

            Attribute attr = (Attribute) e.next();

            System.out

                    .println(tag

                            + "-----------------------------------------------\nattribute: "

                            + attr.getID());

            for (NamingEnumeration ve = attr.getAll(); ve.hasMore(); System.out

                    .println("value: " + ve.next()))

                ;

        }

    }

}

上例中,在jdk1.4中可运行通过。对于DNS Service Provider更详细的文档,大家可通过此URL下载:http://java.sun.com/products/jndi/downloads/index.html

上例一个可能运行结果如下:

a:[email protected]

b:[email protected]

c:-----------------------------------------------

attribute: CNAME

value: us.sina.com.cn.

d:-----------------------------------------------

attribute: CNAME

value: us.sina.com.cn.

e:-----------------------------------------------

attribute: A

value: 218.30.66.67

value: 218.30.66.68

value: 218.30.66.69

value: 218.30.66.70

value: 218.30.66.71

value: 218.30.66.56

value: 218.30.66.57

value: 218.30.66.58

value: 218.30.66.59

value: 218.30.66.60

value: 218.30.66.61

value: 218.30.66.62

value: 218.30.66.63

value: 218.30.66.64

value: 218.30.66.65

value: 218.30.66.66

f:-----------------------------------------------

attribute: A

value: 220.181.28.42

g:-----------------------------------------------

attribute: A

value: 218.30.66.68

value: 218.30.66.69

value: 218.30.66.70

value: 218.30.66.71

value: 218.30.66.56

value: 218.30.66.57

value: 218.30.66.58

value: 218.30.66.59

value: 218.30.66.60

value: 218.30.66.61

value: 218.30.66.62

value: 218.30.66.63

value: 218.30.66.64

value: 218.30.66.65

value: 218.30.66.66

value: 218.30.66.67

attrs4:-----------------------------------------------

attribute: A

value: 220.181.27.5

nameParse:www.sina.com.

Exception in thread "main" javax.naming.OperationNotSupportedException

at com.sun.jndi.dns.DnsContext.c_search(Unknown Source)

at com.sun.jndi.toolkit.ctx.ComponentDirContext.p_search(Unknown Source)

at com.sun.jndi.toolkit.ctx.PartialCompositeDirContext.search(Unknown Source)

at com.sun.jndi.toolkit.ctx.PartialCompositeDirContext.search(Unknown Source)

at com.sun.jndi.toolkit.ctx.PartialCompositeDirContext.search(Unknown Source)

at com.sily.jndi.TestDNSJndi.main(TestDNSJndi.java:57)

示例分析:

通过分析代码,我们可以看出我们从DNS服务器获取了指定域名的IP地址,而且可以看出www.sina.com有多个IP.

另外,可以看出从ctx.getAttributes("www.sina.com")得到的结果与ctx1.getAttributes("")结果一样,这便是目录操作的两种模式,这两种模式取得的结果是一样的,这点可以参考API文档(http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/javax/naming/directory/DirContext.html):

There are two basic models of what attributes should be associated with. First, attributes may be directly associated with a DirContext object. In this model, an attribute operation on the named object is roughly...

另外,还有一点需要注意,从ctx.getAttributes()方法返回的Attributes中包含多个Attribute,每个Attribute包含多个values,其它详细内容请参考API文档

最后,代码NamingEnumeration answer = ctx1.search("www.sina.com", matchAttrs);试图对ctx1进行属性查找,但是抛出了异常,查看 DNS Service Provider 的文档可知,DNS Service Provider 没有提供对search方法的支持,大家可用其它的SP来测试此方法,如LDAP SP

总结:

此例只是简单地演示的JNDI的目录操作,对于目录操作的其它高级主题如Search,Search Scope,Count Limit,Composite Names 等没有详细介绍,请参考其它相关文档.