PostgreSQL递归查询实现树状结构查询

在Postgresql的使用过程中发现了一个很有意思的功能，就是对于需要类似于树状结构的结果可以使用递归查询实现。比如说我们常用的公司部门这种数据结构，一般我们设计表结构的时候都是类似下面的SQL，其中parent_id为NULL时表示顶级节点，否则表示上级节点ID。

CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT (
 ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
 NAME VARCHAR(),
 PARENT_ID INTEGER REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(ID)
);
           

下面我们造几条测试数据

INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(, 'DEPARTMENT_1', NULL);
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(, 'DEPARTMENT_11', );
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(, 'DEPARTMENT_12', );
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(, 'DEPARTMENT_111', );
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(, 'DEPARTMENT_121', );
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT(ID, NAME, PARENT_ID) VALUES(, 'DEPARTMENT_122', );
           

其中

- DEPARTMENT_1是顶级节点，它有两个子节点​DEPARTMENT_11和​DEPARTMENT_12。

- DEPARTMENT_11节点又有一个子节点​DEPARTMENT_111。

​- DEPARTMENT_12节点有两个子节点​DEPARTMENT_121和​DEPARTMENT_122。​

下面是递归查询生成树状结构查询语句

WITH RECURSIVE T (ID, NAME, PARENT_ID, PATH, DEPTH)  AS (
    SELECT ID, NAME, PARENT_ID, ARRAY[ID] AS PATH,  AS DEPTH
    FROM DEPARTMENT
    WHERE PARENT_ID IS NULL

    UNION ALL

    SELECT  D.ID, D.NAME, D.PARENT_ID, T.PATH || D.ID, T.DEPTH +  AS DEPTH
    FROM DEPARTMENT D
    JOIN T ON D.PARENT_ID = T.ID
    )
    SELECT ID, NAME, PARENT_ID, PATH, DEPTH FROM T
ORDER BY PATH;
           

ID  NAME            PARENT_ID   PATH      DEPTH
1   DEPARTMENT_1                1         1
11  DEPARTMENT_11   1           1,11      2
111 DEPARTMENT_111  11          1,11,111  3
12  DEPARTMENT_12   1           1,12      2
121 DEPARTMENT_121  12          1,12,121  3
122 DEPARTMENT_122  12          1,12,122  3
           

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