锘匡豢
01.鏌ョ湅缃戠粶娴侀噺
a.systat -if 1 锛?琛ㄧず1s鍒锋柊灞忓箷涓€娆★級
b.netstat 1
# Traffic 娴侀噺 peak 宄板€?average 骞冲潎鍊? 02.鏌ョ湅纭洏淇℃伅
diskinfo -vt /dev/ad0
disklable /dev/ad0 (鍒嗗尯淇℃伅)
disklable /dev/ad0s2
03.鏌ョ湅鏍稿績淇℃伅
vmstat 1
04.鏌ョ湅杩涚▼
top ps auxww聽 聽ps -ef |grep xxx
05.鏌ョ湅纭洏璇︾粏鍒嗗尯淇℃伅锛嗚鍐欑姸鍐? gstat
06.sysctl sysctl -a 鏌ョ湅鎵€鏈夊彉閲忥紙/etc/sysctl.conf锛? sysctl kern.maxproc 鏌ョ湅鐗瑰畾鍙橀噺
sysctl kern.maxfiles=5000 璁剧疆鍙橀噺
07.鏌ョ湅纾佺洏绌洪棿浣跨敤鎯呭舰 df 鍜?du
鎸囦护df鐢ㄦ潵鏌ョ湅鏁翠釜妗ｆ绯荤粺鐨勪娇鐢ㄦ儏褰紝
濡傛灉鎮ㄩ渶瑕佺煡閬撴煇涓洰褰曠殑浣跨敤鎯呭舰鐢ㄦ寚浠u銆? df -h
du -h /etc
du -sh /etc
-s 鍙傛暟鏉ョ渷鐣ユ寚瀹氱洰褰曚笅鐨勫瓙鐩綍
-h 琛ㄧず浣跨敤GB銆丮B绛夋槗璇荤殑鏍煎紡
08.鏂數鍚庣郴缁熸棤娉曞惎鍔? a.鍚姩鍒皊ing user妯″紡
b.fsck
c.reboot
09.鍗囩骇鍐呮牳鍚庢棤娉曞惎鍔? a.閲嶅惎鏈哄櫒鍒?0绉掕绉掓椂鎸塭nter浠ュ鐨勪换鎰忛敭(鏂扮増bsd鎸?)
b.unload
c.boot kernel.old 鎴栧叾浠栧彲浠ュ惎鍔ㄧ殑鍐呮牳
鍙﹀涓€绉嶆柟娉? a.浣跨敤cd1鍚姩锛岄€夋嫨Fixit-->CDROM/DVD
b.Fixit#mount /dev/ad0s2a /mnt mount纭洏涓婄殑鏂囦欢绯荤粺
c.cd /mnt/boot
d.rm -rf kernel
e.cp -R kernel.old kernel
f.reboot
淇敼浜?boot/loader.conf浠ュ悗涓嶈兘姝ｅ父寮曞绯荤粺浜嗭紝褰撴満鍣ㄥ紑濮嬪姞杞? /boot/defaults/loader.conf鐨勬椂鍊?鏈姞杞藉畬)鏈哄櫒鍋滄鍝嶅簲锛屾垜搴旇鎬庝箞鍔烇紵
a.浣跨敤cd1鍚姩锛岄€夋嫨Fixit-->CDROM/DVD
b.Fixit#mount /dev/ad0s2a /mnt mount纭洏涓婄殑鏂囦欢绯荤粺
c.cd /mnt/boot
d.vi loader.conf 鍘绘帀閿欒鐨勫姞杞介」
e.reboot
10.涓㈠けroot瀵嗙爜
鍚姩鍒板崟鐢ㄦ埛妯″紡,鎵ц/sbin/mount -a, 鐒跺悗鐢╬asswd鏇存敼瀵嗙爜
/sbin/mount -a=鎸傛帴/etc/fstab閲屾墍鏈夊垪鍑虹殑鏂囦欢绯荤粺
濡傛灉鍗曠敤鎴风櫥褰曚篃闇€瑕佸瘑鐮? a.浣跨敤cd1鍚姩锛岄€夋嫨Fixit-->CDROM/DVD
b.Fixit#mount /dev/ad0s2a /mnt mount纭洏涓婄殑鏂囦欢绯荤粺
c.cd /mnt/etc
d.vi /ttys 鎵惧埌when going to single-user mode,鏇存敼
console none unknow off insecure涓簊ecure
e.reboot,鍚姩鍒板崟鐢ㄦ埛妯″紡/sbin/mount -a,passwd
鍚姩鍒板崟鐢ㄦ埛妯″紡鍚庯紝ctrl+d杩涘叆澶氱敤鎴锋ā寮? ####璁╁崟鐢ㄦ埛鐧诲綍涔熼渶瑕佸瘑鐮? a.cd /etc
b.vi /ttys 鎵惧埌when going to single-user mode,鏇存敼
console none unknow off secure涓篿nsecure
11.鐢╳in2000鐨勫紩瀵煎櫒鍚姩FreeBSD
鎴戝湪绗旇鏈笂瑁呬簡鍙岀郴缁燂紝win2000 鍜宖reebsd锛岃瀹?freebsd鍚?绯荤粺鑷姩璁剧疆濡備笅锛? f1 dos
f2 freebsd
鍏堣捣鍔ㄥ埌dos涓嬶紝fdisk /mbr锛屽啀鎶奆reeBSD鍏夌洏涓婄殑boot\boot1澶嶅埗鍒癱:\,
鍐嶇紪杈慶:\boot.ini 鍔犱竴琛宑:\boot1="FreeBsd"
12.纭洏鍒嗗尯鏃秙hift+F -->NO鍙互浣跨敤鍏ㄩ儴绌洪棿
13.ctrl+alt+backspace 鏉€鎺墄windows
14.alt+F1...F8 鎴?printscreensysr寰幆鍒囨崲鎺у埗鍙? 15.shutdown now 鍒囨崲鍒板崟鐢ㄦ埛妯″紡
shutdown -p now shutdown -hp now 鍏抽棴鐢垫簮
shutdown -r now reboot 閲嶆柊鍚姩鏈哄櫒
shutdown -p +90 (90鍒嗛挓鍚庡叧鏈?
shutdown 0203122359(0203122359琛ㄧず2002骞?鏈?2鏃?3:59锛屾牸寮忔槸yymmddhhmm)
16.鎸傝浇ntfs,fat32鍒嗗尯鍜寀鐩? ntfs: mount_ntfs -C eucCN /dev/ad0s5 /mnt/d
fat32:mount_msdos -L zh_CN.eucCN /dev/ad0s6 /mnt/e
u鐩?scsi鐩?:聽 聽mount_msdos -L zh_CN.eucCN /dev/da0s1 /mnt/u
cdrom: #mount_cd9660 /dev/acd0 /mnt/cdrom
NTFS鍦‵reeBSD涓彧鑳藉彧璇昏€屾棤娉曞啓鍏? 17.鍗歌浇鍒嗗尯
umount /dev/ad0s5
umount -f /dev/ad0s5 (寮哄埗鍗歌浇)
18.鍦?etc/fstab涓寕杞絝at32鍒嗗尯
/dev/ad0s5聽 聽/mnt/d聽 聽msdos聽 聽rw,-L=zh_CN.eucCN 2 2
19.濡備綍鍦‵reeBSD5.X浠ヤ笂鍔犺浇,鍗歌浇ISO鏂囦欢
mount iso鏂囦欢锛? mdconfig -a -t vnode -f myisofile.iso (灞忓箷杈撳嚭md0鎴栬€呯被浼肩殑璁惧鍚?
mount -t cd9660 /dev/md0 /cdrom
umount锛? umount /cdrom
mdconfig -d -u 0 (涓婇潰鐨?u鍚庨潰鐨勬暟瀛楀拰鍓嶉潰鐨刴d?涓殑鏁板瓧涓€鑷?
mdconfig -l 鍛戒护鍙互鍒楀嚭鍏充簬閰嶇疆 md(4) 璁惧鐨勪俊鎭? 20.澹板崱
vi /boot/defaults/loader.conf
鏇存敼snd_ich_load="NO"->"YES" #intel ich
妫€娴嬪０鍗?kldstat 鎴?dmesg |grep pcm
21.ls 鍛戒护璇﹁В
ls 鏄剧ず鏈洰褰曚笅鐨勬枃浠跺強鐩綍
ls -a鏄剧ず鏈洰褰曚笅鐨勬墍鏈夋枃浠跺強鐩綍锛堝寘鎷殣钘忕洰褰曞拰鏂囦欢锛? ls -l 鏄剧ず鏈洰褰曚笅鎵€鏈夋枃浠剁殑灞炴€? ls -l | grep ^d 鍙樉绀虹洰褰? ls -l | grep ^- 鍙樉绀烘枃浠? ls -l | grep ^d | wc 鈥搇聽 聽缁熻褰撹兘鐩綍涓嬬殑瀛愮洰褰曟暟
ls -l | grep ^- | wc 鈥搇聽 聽缁熻褰撹兘鐩綍涓嬬殑鏂囦欢鏁? ls -G聽 聽浠ラ鑹叉樉绀虹洰褰曞悕鍜屾枃浠跺悕
22.鏌ユ壘绋嬪簭鎴栨枃浠? which 绋嬪簭鍚? whereis 绋嬪簭鍚? find 鏂囦欢鍚? locate 鏂囦欢鍚? locate: database too small: /var/db/locate.database鐨勪竴绉嶈В鍐虫柟娉? a.杩欎釜浠呬粎鏄洜涓轰綘寮€鏈烘椂闂翠笉澶熼暱锛岀湅鐪?etc/periodic/weekly/310.locate
b.璇曡瘯杩愯/usr/libexec/locate.updatedb鐪? whatis xxx 瑕佹壘涓滆タ浣嗕笉鐭ラ亾瀹冩槸浠€涔? grep bpf /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC 鍦ㄦ枃浠朵腑鎵炬寚瀹氭枃鏈? #鍙兘瀵规枃鏈繘琛実rep,濡傛槸鍛戒护,鍒? command |grep text
grep text filename
23.xmms涔辩爜闂 (瑕佹嫹璐漵imsun.ttf鍜宼aboma.ttf鍒?usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType/)
鍦ㄧ敤鎴风洰褰曚笅寤虹珛 .gtkrc.mine 鏂囦欢.浠ｇ爜濡備笅
style "gtk-default-zh-cn" {
fontset = "-*-tahoma-medium-r-normal-*-12-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1,
-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gbk-0,*-r-*" }
class "GtkWidget" style "gtk-default-zh-cn"
淇敼xmms涓殑瀛椾綋璁剧疆锛屽皢鎾斁娓呭崟鍙婁富绐楀彛鐨勫瓧浣撲慨鏀逛负涓嬮潰鐨勮缃? -*-tahoma-medium-r-normal-*-12-0-0-0-p-0-iso8859-1,
-misc-simsun-medium-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-p-*-gbk-0,*-r-*
xorg6.9+xfce4+xmms
cd /usr/ports/chineses/xmms make install clean
鎷疯礉simsun.ttf鍒?usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/,鏃犻渶瑕佸缓绔?gtkrc.mine
鍙淇敼xmms涓殑瀛椾綋璁剧疆,瀛椾綋simsun,size 12灏卞ソ浜嗐€? 24.鍋滄sendmail
vi /etc/rc.conf 鍔犲叆
sendmail_enable="NONE"
25.you have mail
mail 鍥炶溅,杈撳叆1鐪嬬涓€灏侀偖浠?..杈撳叆?鐪嬪府鍔? mail 鍙よ€佺殑 UNIX 閭欢澶勭悊绋嬪簭
濡傛灉鎴戜滑瑕佸瘎淇＄粰闈炴湰鏈虹殑浣跨敤鑰咃紝鍙互浣跨敤鐨勬敹浠朵汉鏍煎紡濡備笅锛? mail -s"hi, my friend"
[email聽protected]
mail -s "hi, my friend"
[email聽protected]
zh_CN.eucCN
28.杩滅▼杩炴帴windows缁堢
rdesktop [-a 16 -f] server'IP[:port]
-a 16琛ㄧず16浣嶈壊,-f琛ㄧず鍏ㄥ睆
gui锛実rdesktop (/usr/ports/net/grdesktop)
29.鎾斁APE鏍煎紡闊充箰
/usr/ports/chinese/xmms/ /usr/ports/audio/xmms-mac(ape鎻掍欢)xmms-wma(wma鎻掍欢)
30.鐪嬪浘
/usr/ports/graphics/xnview
31.apache22+php5+mysql+postgresql+ZendOptimizer
a,apache22:
cd /usr/ports/www/apache22
make install clean
b,php5:
cd /usr/ports/lang/php5
make install clean
閫変腑APACHE锛屽氨鍙互鑱旂紪鍑虹敤浜庝笌Apache web鏈嶅姟鍣ㄩ厤鍚堜娇鐢ㄧ殑鍙姩鎬佸姞杞界殑mod_php5妯″潡.
鍕块€塪ebug,鍚﹀垯涓嶈兘瑁匷endOptimizer
c,php5鎵╁睍:
cd /usr/ports/lang/php5-extesions
make install [FORCE_PKG_REGISTER=yes] 寮鸿揩瀹夎
make clean
(闄ら璁鹃」鐩繕搴旈€変腑CTYPE,EXIF,GD,ICONV,IMAP,PCRE,SESSION,ZLIB)
FreeBSD涓殑PHP鏀寔鏄珮搴︽ā鍧楀寲鐨勶紝鍥犳鍩烘湰瀹夎鐨勫姛鑳藉崄鍒嗘湁闄愩€傚鍔犲叾浠栧姛鑳介潪甯哥畝鍗曪紝鍙渶閫氳繃lang/php5-extensions鍗冲彲瀹屾垚銆傝繖涓猵ort鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓彍鍗曢┍鍔ㄧ殑鐣岄潰鏉ュ府鍔╁畬鎴怭HP鎵╁睍鐨勫畨瑁呫€傚彟澶栦篃鍙互閫氳繃瀵瑰簲鐨刾ort鏉ュ崟鐙畨瑁呮墿灞曘€備緥濡傝灏嗗浜嶮ySQL鏁版嵁搴撴湇鍔″櫒鐨勬敮鎸佸姞鍏HP5锛屽彧闇€绠€鍗曞湴瀹夎databases/php5-mysql.
d,cp /usr/local/etc/php.ini.recommended /usr/local/etc/php.ini
e,ZendOptimizer
cd /usr/ports/devel/ZendOptimizer
make install clean
f,mysql:
cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql41-server
make WITH_OPENSSL=yes BUILD_OPTIMIZED=yes WITH_CHARSET=gbk WITH_XCHARSET=all SKIP_DNS_CHECK=yes install
./work/mysql-5.0.24/scripts/mysql_install_db
cd /usr/ports/databases/php5-mysql
make install clean
g,postgresql
cd /usr/ports/databases/postgresql81-server
make install clean
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/postgresql initdb
echo 'postgresql_enable="YES"' >> /etc/rc.conf
cd /usr/ports/databases/php5-pgsql
make install clean
32.鎬庢牱鍒锋柊鐜鍙橀噺鍊硷紝鑰屼笉鐢ㄩ€€鍑哄啀鐧婚檰锛? a,姣斿瑕侀噸鏂拌缃幆澧冨彉閲廇BC鐨勫€间负abcdef
bash$ export ABC=abcdef
csh% setenv ABC abcdef
b,鏇存柊浜哖ATH鍙橀噺鎸囧畾鐩綍閲屽彲鎵ц鍛戒护
rehash
c,鏇存柊閰嶇疆鏂囦欢
姣斿浣犵紪杈戜簡.cshrc绛夋枃浠讹紝灏遍渶瑕佺敤source鍛戒护
source .cshrc
33.妫€瑙嗚蒋浠堕棿鐨勫叧鑱? cd /usr/ports/sysutils/pkg_tree
make install clean
涔嬪悗鎴戜滑灏卞彲浠ヤ娇鐢?pkg_tree | more 鏉ョ湅鍚勪釜杞欢涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯讳簡
34.浣跨敤 portupgrade 鏇存柊杞欢
cd /usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade
make install clean
閰嶇疆鏂囦欢:/usr/local/etc/pkgtools.conf
濡傛灉鎮ㄥ彧鎯宠鍗囩骇鏌愪竴涓蒋浠舵湰韬紝鑰岄潪鎵€鏈夌浉渚濈殑杞欢锛屽彧瑕佷娇鐢╬ortupgrade "pkgname" 鍗冲彲銆傚鏋滄偍瑕佸崌绾ф墍鏈夊拰璇ヨ蒋浠剁浉渚濈殑鍏跺畠杞欢锛屽垯鍙互鍔犱笂鍙傛暟 -r銆傚鏋滄偍瑕佹洿鏂板寘鍚浉渚濊蒋浠剁殑鐩镐緷杞欢锛屽垯鍙互浣跨敤鍙傛暟 -R銆傚彟澶栵紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄥ弬鏁?-m 鏉ヨ姹傜紪璇?(make) ports 鏃跺浼犲叆涓€浜涘弬鏁帮紝杩樺彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄥ弬鏁?-f 瑕佹眰灏辩畻鐗堟湰涓€鏍蜂篃寮哄埗鏇存柊銆俻ortupgrade鍦ㄦ洿鏂拌蒋浠舵椂锛屼細淇濈暀鎮ㄥ師鏈殑璁惧畾妗ｃ€備緥濡傦紝鍦ㄦ洿鏂?Apache 鏃讹紝瀹冧細淇濈暀httpd.conf鐨勮瀹氥€傚亣璁炬垜浠洿鏂拌蒋浠秔erl-5.8锛屾垜浠彲浠ョ敤涓嬪垪鎸囦护鏇存柊锛? # portupgrade -rRf "perl-5.8.*" -m "ENABLE_SUIDPERL=yes"
35.ports瀹夎澶辫触鎻愮ず
stop in /usr/ports/lang/ruby18/work
鍒犻櫎work鐩綍涓嬫墍鏈夋枃浠讹紗鏂囦欢澶瑰啀娆″畨瑁呭嵆鍙?(make clean)
36.ntop--缃戠粶鐩戞帶杞欢
cd /usr/ports/net/ntop
make install clean
vi /etc/rc.conf 鍔犲叆
ntop_enable="YES"
鍦ㄥ湴鍧€鏍忎腑杈撳叆
http://x.x.x.x:3000
鍗冲嚭鏉ョ鐞嗙晫闈?
37.淇敼/etc/rc.conf涓嶉噸鍚敓鏁? a.sh /etc/rc
b./etc/netstart
38.freebsd鍚姩鐨勬椂鍊欏仠鍒癰lanktime鐨勮В鍐冲姙娉? 鍙互璇曡瘯 杩欎釜鍙傛暟:blanktime="NO"
etc/rc.conf 涓妸 default_router 娉ㄩ噴鎺? #鏈獙璇?!!
39.Bsd 涓嬬殑QQ
eva涓嶉敊锛岃繍琛岄€熷害椋炲揩銆? /usr/ports/net-im/eva
gaim-openq
/usr/ports/net-im/gaim-openq
40.涓€娆℃€ф妸鎵€鏈夊畨瑁呯殑ports鍒犻櫎鎺? a.pkg_delete -a
浠ヤ笅姝ラ鍘绘帀閰嶇疆鏂囦欢锛岃В鍐充竴浜涚枒闅鹃棶棰? rm -fr /usr/local/
rm -fr /var/db/ports/
cd /usr/ports && make NOCLEANDEPENDS=yes clean
portsnap fetch update
b.瀹夎pkg_cutleaves瀹冧細鍛婅瘔浣狅紝鍝簺package娌℃湁浜轰緷璧栵紝骞惰浣犲喅瀹氳涓嶈鍒犻櫎
c.make deinstall涓巔kg_delete鏈変粈楹戒笉鍚岋紵
绠€鍗曟潵璇达紝make deinstall浼氱Щ闄よport锛屽苟涓斾笉浼氬弫鐓у叾鐩镐緷鐩稿叧鐨刾orts銆俻kg_delete鍦ㄧЩ闄よport鍓嶏紝浼氬弫鐓у叾鐩镐緷鐩稿叧鐨刾orts锛屽苟涓攑kg_delete
鏈夋敮鎻?wild card锛屽瑕佺Щ闄ゆ墍鏈塸寮€澶寸殑 ports锛屽垯锛? cd /var/db/pkg/
pkg_delete p*
瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紝濡傛灉浣跨敤 `make deinstall'锛屽垯鏈€濂界‘瀹氱郴缁熺洰鍓嶆墍瀹夎鐨勭増鏈紝涓?ports collection 涓樉绀虹殑鐗堟湰绗﹀悎锛屽惁鍒欐湁鍙兘浼氬嚭鐜伴潪棰勬湡鎬ч敊璇紱鑰宲kg_delete鏄洜涓虹洿鎺ュ垹闄ょ郴缁熶腑鎵€瀹夎鐨勭増鏈紝鎵€浠ユ病鏈夋闂銆? 鍥犳锛屾崲鍙ヨ瘽璇达紝褰撶郴缁熸墍瀹夎鐨勭増鏈鍚坧orts collections涓殑鐗堟湰锛屽垯鍙互浣跨敤make deinstall鎴杙kg_delete锛屽惁鍒欑殑璇濇渶濂界敤pkg_delete銆? 41.pure-ftp瀹夎
cd /usr/ports/ftp/pure-ftpd/
make WITH_YES"
鍏充簬pureftpd鐨勭紪鐮侀棶棰? 鍦╳in涓嬬櫥闄唂tp鐒跺悗寤虹珛涓枃鏂囦欢澶?浼犱腑鏂囨枃浠剁劧鍚庣敤FlashFXP鐧婚檰鐪嬪埌杩欎簺涓枃鏂囦欢鍜屾枃浠跺す鍚嶅瓧鍏ㄩ儴鏄贡鐮?pure-ftpd.conf涓己鍒剁敤gbk灏卞彲浠ヤ簡.
FileSystemCharset聽 聽 gbk
ClientCharset聽 聽聽 聽聽 聽聽聽gbk
42.寮€鏈鸿嚜鍔ㄦ牎鍑嗘椂闂? vi /etc/rc.conf--->鍔犲叆
ntpdate_enable="YES"聽 聽聽 聽聽 聽 # Run ntpdate to sync time on boot (or NO).
ntpdate_flags="218.75.4.130"聽 聽聽聽# cn.pool.ntp.org
43.灏?usr/ports/distfiles/鐩綍鏀惧埌/data/disktfiles
cd /usr/ports
mv distfiles /data/distfiles [绉诲姩]
ln -s /data/distfiles distfiles [閾炬帴][瑕佸湪/usr/ports鐩綍涓嬪仛]
ln -s source_file[_dir] target_file[_dir]
44.FreeBSD涓嬮潰閫氳繃涓插彛杩炴帴鍒拌矾鐢卞櫒
浣跨敤cu -s speed -l line锛屽氨鍙互杩炴帴鍒癈OM鍙ｆ垨鑰呭鐚殑绾胯矾涓婏紝鎴戠敤鐨勬槸COM1鍙ｏ紝
杩炴帴Cisco2924XL锛屼娇鐢╟u -s 9600 -l ttyd0锛屽嵆鍙繛鎺ヤ笂浜ゆ崲鏈洪厤缃晫闈€? 45.鐢靛瓙涔︼細CHM銆丳DF鐨勬煡鐪? chmsee,kchmviewer,xpdf,xchm,Acrobat Reader...chmsee瀵逛腑鏂囨敮鎸佹瘮杈冨ソ
/usr/ports/print/acroread7
46.浣跨敤axel鎴栬€卲rozilla鍔犻€熶綘鐨刾ort涓嬭浇
a.axel(鎹鑳芥悶瀹氭枃浠跺す閽冲,涓嶉敊!鎺ㄨ崘浣跨敤 )
cd /usr/ports/ftp/axel
make install clean
vi /etc/make.conf 鍔犲叆
FETCH_CMD=axel -a
DISABLE_SIZE=yes
vi /usr/local/etc/axelrc 淇敼浠ｇ爜
#num_connections = 4
num_connections = 10
4鏀逛负10,num_connections鍓嶉潰涓嶇暀绌烘牸,鍚﹀垯鍑洪敊.
(-a 浜や簰鐨勮繘姝ユ寚绀哄櫒,num_connections = 10 10绾跨▼涓嬭浇)
SIZE鍙傛暟鐢ㄦ潵鍦ㄥ彇寰楁枃浠朵箣鍓嶆鏌ユ枃浠剁殑澶у皬.鑰孌ISABLE_SIZE鍒欐槸鏄惁寮€鍚繖椤瑰姛鑳? b.prozilla(閫熷害蹇?閬囧埌娆犲鐨勬枃浠跺す浼氬嚭闂)
cd /port/ftp/prozilla
make install clean
vi /etc/make.conf 鍔犲叆
FETCH_CMD=proz -s -k=10 -r --no-curses
DISABLE_SIZE=yes
(-s 鏌ユ壘鏈€蹇殑澧冨儚,-k=10 10涓嚎绋嬩笅杞?-r 閲嶆柊寮€濮嬩竴涓鎵撴柇鐨勪笅杞?
c.wget(鏈祴璇?
cd /usr/ports/ftp/wget/
make install clean
vi /etc/make.conf 鍔犲叆
FETCH_CMD=wget -c -t 1
DISABLE_SIZE=yes #杩欒鏄繀瑕佺殑
d.鍦ㄥ叾瀹冩満鍣ㄤ笂fetch
make fetch-recursive (fetch:鍙栧緱recursive:閫掑綊鐨?
鐒跺悗灏?usr/ports/distfiles鎷胯蛋銆? ###make install璁剧疆鏄?etc/make.conf
###pkg_add鏄湪~/.cshrc鎴杶/.profile
e.vi /etc/csh.cshrc
鍔犱笂浠ヤ笅涓€琛屽彲浠ュ湪璁﹑kg_add鍏堜粠鏇村揩鐨勭珯鐐逛笅杞? setenv PACKAGEROOT
ftp://ftp.cn.freebsd.org
浣犲彲浠ュ厛璁惧畾 PACKAGEROOT锛岃繖鏄敤鏉ユ姄鍙栧浠剁殑浣嶇疆,绗旇€呴€氬父璁惧畾
setenv PACKAGEROOT
ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org
鍥犱负杩欐槸鎴戣涓烘渶绋冲畾鐨勬満鍣紝鐒跺悗灏卞彲浠ラ€忚繃pkg_add -r 濂椾欢鍚嶆潵瀹夎濂椾欢锛屼粬浼氳嚜鍔ㄧ殑鍒皃ub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-4.9-release/Latest/搴曚笅瀵绘壘濂椾欢锛岃€屼笖浣犱笉闇€瑕佺煡閬撶増鏈紝鍙鐭ラ亾濂椾欢鍚嶇О鍗冲彲锛屼粬浼氳嚜鍔ㄥ畨瑁呭綋鏃剁殑鏈€鏂扮増锛屼腑鏂囩殑閮ㄥ垎鍙鍔犱笂 zh-锛屽儚鏄?zh-xcin銆? 浣犱篃鍙互鐩存帴鎸囧畾 PACKAGESITE 鏉ユ寚鍚戠壒瀹氱殑浣嶇疆銆傚儚鏄綘甯屾湜瀹夎鐨勫浠舵槸鏈€鏂扮殑锛岃€屼笉鏄?release 鏃剁殑鐗堟湰銆? setenv PACKAGESITE
ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/Fre
... ages-stable/Latest/
f.vi /etc/make.conf
鍔犱笂浠ヤ笅涓€琛屽彲浠ュ湪璁﹎ake鍏堜粠鏇村揩鐨勭珯鐐逛笅杞絧orts Distfiles
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=http://ports.cn.freebsd.org/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
####http://ports.cn.freebsd.org/
Welcome to use FreeBSD Ports Distfiles Mirror.
This mirror is running on China Telecom 100Mbit network.
How to use? Set your /etc/make.conf like this:
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=http://ports.cn.freebsd.org/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
or like this:
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?=http://ports.hshh.org/${DIST_SUBDIR}/
47.鏄熼檯璇戠帇
杈炲吀绋嬪簭锛?/usr/ports/textproc/stardict2/
绠€浣撲腑鏂囪緸鍏革細/usr/ports/chinese/stardict2-dict-zh_CN/
48.鎺у埗鍙拌皟闊抽噺
mixer
49.How to build openoffice
cd /usr/ports/editors/openoffice.org-2.0
Building/installing/packaging a localized language package (Japanese version for example)
make LOCALIZED_ftp://ooopackages.good-day.net/pub/OpenOffice.org/FreeBSD/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ftp://ooopackages.good-day.net/pub/OpenOffice.org/FreeBSD/
閲岄潰鐨則bz鏂囦欢锛? 鍙互鐩存帴pkg_add
50.OPERA锛屾敮鎸丗lash娴忚鍣? cd /usr/ports/www/linux-opera
锛堟敞鎰忔槸www/linux-opera锛寃ww/opera鏄笉鏀寔Flash鐨勩€傦級
cd /usr/ports/www/opera
make config
閫変腑[X]SHARED Use a shared Qt library(instead of static)[瑙ｅ喅鍦╫pera涓緭鍏ユ眽瀛楃殑闂]
make install clean
瀹夎鍚庣殑缇庡寲:
A.Tools->Preference->Advanced->Fonts锛屾妸鎵€鏈夌殑瀛椾綋閮芥敼鎴怱imsun锛屽瓧浣撳ぇ灏忚鎴?2銆? B.鏈€灏忓瓧浣撳ぇ灏忥紙鍍忕礌锛夋敼涓?2.[瑙ｅ喅涓€浜涚綉绔欑湅涓嶆竻妤氱殑闂]
51.bt瀹㈡埛绔? /usr/ports/net-p2p/py-bittorrent 瀹夎瀹屾垚鍚庢墽琛宐ittorrent
/usr/ports/net-p2p/rtorrent 鍔熻兘澶氾紝閫熷害蹇紝杩樺畬缇庢敮鎸佷腑鏂囩紪鐮侊紒
52.emule瀹㈡埛绔? /usr/ports/net-p2p/amule2
53.ipguard瑙ｅ喅arp鏀诲嚮
ipguard->Tool designed to protect LAN IP adress space by ARP spoofing
/usr/ports/security/ipguard
make install (涓嶈clean鍙傛暟,鍚﹀垯鏃爀thers.sample鏂囦欢)
琛ュ厖锛? A.浠?usr/ports/security/ipguard/work/ipguard-0.04/doc/ethers.sample
鏂囦欢涓哄疄渚嬶紝寤虹珛/etc/ethers鏂囦欢銆? B.And then start ipguard:
cd /usr/local/etc/rc.d
mv ipguard.sh.sample ipguard.sh
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/ipguard.sh start
ipguard.sh鍚姩鑴氭湰閲岄粯璁ゆ湁igrep zh-fcitx (鏌ヨ蒋浠剁増鏈?
#ls /var/db/pkg涔熷彲浠ユ煡杞欢鐗堟湰
pkg_info -L zh-fcitx-3.4 (鏌ョ湅杞欢瀹夎鐩綍鍜屽畨瑁呯殑鏂囦欢)
pkg_info -xL zh-fcitx (鍔爔浜嗕笉闇€瑕佸姞杞欢鐗堟湰鍙?
pkg_info -r zh-fcitx-3.4 (鏌ョ湅杞欢渚濊禆鎯呭喌)
pkg_info -W fcitx (鏌ョ湅fcitx灞炰簬鍝釜杞欢)
56.Ports濡備綍娓呴櫎瀹夎鍙傛暟
cd /usr/ports/www/opera
make distclean绉婚櫎涓嶆槸port collections鎵€鏈熸湜涓嬭浇鐨勬枃浠? make rmconfig娓呴櫎鐢ㄦ埛閰嶇疆鐨勫弬鏁? make showconfig鏌ョ湅褰撳墠閰嶇疆鐨勫弬鏁? make config鏇存敼鍙傛暟
57.涓€娆惧ソ鐢ㄧ殑缃戠粶鎬ц兘娴嬭瘯宸ュ叿iperf
/usr/ports/benchmarks/iperf
58.FreeBSD鐢ㄦ埛甯愭埛閿佸畾
a.鐢╲ipw鎶婁粬鐨剆hell淇敼鎴?sbin/nologin灏卞彲浠ヤ簡.
b.pw lock useri 瑙ｉ攣鐢╬w unlock userid 59.涓枃locale
zh_CN.eucCN zh_CN.GBK zh_CN.GB18030 zh_CN.euc zh_CN.UTF-8
#璇█浠ｇ爜_鍥藉浠ｇ爜.瀛楃缂栫爜
#鏌ョ湅鐜鍙橀噺锛歭ocale
#鐩墠杩樻槸zh_CN.eucCN(浣跨敤GB2312缂栫爜)locale鏈€涓烘寮忥紝涔熸渶涓烘垚鐔熴€? 60.鏈湴鍖栬缃?浠ョ郴缁熼粯璁ょ殑csh涓轰緥
vi /etc/csh.cshrc 鍔犲叆
setenv LANG zh_CN.eucCN (璇█璁句负涓枃)
setenv LC_ALL zh_CN.eucCN (鎵€鏈夋湰鍦板瓙闆嗚涓轰腑鏂?
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx (X涓嬬殑涓枃杈撳叆娉?
set prompt = "%B%m"(涓€у寲鎺у埗鍙?B棰滆壊%m涓绘満%/鐩綍)
set autolist聽 聽(鑷姩琛ラ綈鎵╁睍)
set nobeep (鍛婅瘔搴旂敤绋嬪紡閬垮厤鍙戝嚭鍝斿摂澹?
set filec聽 聽聽聽(浣挎。妗堝悕绉板湪鍛戒护鍒楄瀹屾垚)
alias ls聽 聽聽 聽聽聽ls -FG (褰╄壊鍖杔s)61.fcitx灏忎紒楣呰緭鍏ユ硶(鏈夊叧姝ラ瑙?0)
/usr/ports/chineses/fcitx
vi /root/.xinitrc 娣诲姞
exec fcitx& 鍒版渶鍓嶄竴琛? 62.瀹夎X Server xorg-6.9.0
1.cp freebsddisk1 disk2 PKG to /data/pkg61鐩綍
2.cd /data/pkg61
3.pkg_add xorg-6.9.0.tbz
4.rehash
5.X[Xorg] -configure (鐢熸垚/root/xorg.conf.new)
6.X[Xorg] -config /root/xorg.conf.new (娴嬭瘯xorg.conf.new閰嶇疆鏄惁姝ｇ‘)
7.cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/x11/xorg.conf
63.瀹夎妗岄潰鐜gnome2 and xfce4 and kde3.5.1
gnome2-2.12.3
1.cd /data/pkg61
2.pkg_add gnome2-2.12.3.tbz
3.rehash
4.vi /root/.xinitrc 鍔犲叆 exec gnome-session
#gnome2鎻愮ずvi /etc/sysctl.conf,鍔犲叆
kern.ipc.shmmax=67108864
kern.ipc.shmall=32768
kern.maxfiles=25000
xfce4
1.cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4
2.make install clean
3.rehash
4.vi /root/.xinitrc 鍔犲叆 exec xfce4-session
kde-3.5.1
1.cd /data/pkg61
2.pkg_add kde-3.5.1.tbz
3.rehash
4.cd /usr/ports/chineses/kde3-i18n-zh_CN
5.make install clean (kde3姹夊寲)
6.vi /root/.xinitrc 鍔犲叆 exec startkde
pkg_add -r kde
pkg_add -r zh_CN-kde-i18n
pkg_add -r zh_CN-koffice-i18n
###more /root/.xinitrc
exec fcitx&
exec gnome-session
#exec xfce4-session
#exec startkde
#exec /usr/X11R6/bin/gnome-session
#exec /usr/local/bin/xfce4-session
#exec /usr/local/bin/startkde
64.鍦╔window涓娇鐢═rueType瀛椾綋(simsun瀹嬩綋,msyh闆呴粦,tahoma)
1.cp simsun.ttc /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/simsun.ttf
2.cp msyh.ttf tahoma.ttf /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/
3.cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF
#涓嬮潰4,5姝ラ鏇存柊瀛椾綋淇℃伅,6閲嶅缓瀛椾綋缂撳瓨.
4.mkfontscale (鐢熸垚fonts.scale)鍚﹀垯xorg鎶ラ敊濡備笅:
Could not init font path element/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/,removing from list!
5.mkfontdir (鐢熸垚fonts.dir)鍚﹀垯xorg鎶ラ敊濡備笅:
(WW) `fonts.dir' not found (or not valid) in "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/".
Entry deleted from font path.
(Run 'mkfontdir' on "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/".
6.fc-cache -f -v (鐢熸垚fonts.cache-1)
7.vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf 纭8
8.Load "freetype" (鍚敤鏀寔TrueType瀛椾綋)
#鐜板湪X搴旂敤绋嬪簭宸茬粡璁颁綇宸插畨瑁呯殑TrueType瀛椾綋.
9.鍦╣nome鍜屽叾浠朮绋嬪簭涓妸瀛椾綋璁剧疆涓哄畫浣撴垨闆呴粦.
65.xlsfonts鏄剧ず绯荤粺涓畨瑁呯殑瀛椾綋
66.FreeBSD涓?D鍔犻€熷姛鑳界殑鍚敤
a.DRI銆? 杩欐槸瀹炵幇3D鍔熻兘鏈€閲嶈鐨勯儴鍒嗐€侱RI鏄疍irect Rendering Infrastructure,鍙互绠€鍗曠殑鎶婂畠鐞嗚В涓篨鍜岀‖浠堕棿鐨勬帴鍙?浣嗗畠鍖呭惈寰堝鐙珛鐨勬ā鍧楋紝璐熻矗浠嶺鍒扮‖浠剁殑鍚勪釜鐜妭锛屽寘鎷唴鏍搞€傚畠鏈€涓昏鐨勫伐浣滃氨鏄皢Mesa鎴朞penGL鐨勫嚱鏁拌皟鐢ㄨ浆鎹负纭欢鐨勬寚浠わ紝浠庤€屾寚鎸ョ‖浠惰繘琛屾覆鏌撶瓑宸ヤ綔銆? b.娴嬭瘯浣犵殑鏄惧崱鏄笉鏄兘瀹炵幇3D鍔熻兘锛屽彲浠ラ噰鍙栦互涓嬪姙娉曪細
1.dmesg | grep agp锛屽鏋滃嚭鐜?
agp0:聽聽mem
0xe0000000-0xe3ffffff at device 0.0 on pci0
鐨勫瓧鏍凤紝閭ｄ箞浣犵殑鏄惧崱灏辨湁鍙兘瀹炵幇3D鍔熻兘.濡傛灉浠€涔堜篃娌℃湁鐨勮瘽锛岄偅涔堟伃鍠滀綘锛屼綘鍐嶄篃涓嶇敤涓?D鍔熻兘鑰岃垂蹇冧簡.
2.kldload drm锛屽鏋滄病鎶ラ敊鐨勮瘽锛岄偅涔堜綘鐨勬樉鍗″熀鏈笂灏卞彲浠ュ疄鐜?D鍔熻兘浜嗐€? c.3D鍔熻兘鐨勭‘璁? 杩愯锛歡lxinfo銆傚湪绗簩琛屾垨绗笁琛岋紝濡傛灉鍑虹幇鈥滵irect Rendering: YES鈥滃瓧鏍凤紝閭ｅ氨璇存槑宸茬粡鍚敤3D鍔犻€熶簡銆? more /var/log/Xorg.0.log | grep "direct rendering"濡傛灉鍑虹幇涓嬮潰鐨勫瓧鏍凤紝(II) I810(0): direct rendering: Enabled閭ｄ箞浣犵殑3D灏卞惎鐢ㄧ殑銆傚鏋滄病鏈夛紝
閭ｄ箞浣犺浠旂粏璇?var/log/Xorg.0.log銆傚畠浼氬湪鏌愪竴琛屽憡璇変綘娌″惎鐢ㄧ殑鍘熷洜鐨勩€? d.nvidia鏄惧崱椹卞姩瀹夎 cd /usr/ports/x11/nvidia-driver/
67.鍒锋柊鐜囩殑闂锛? 灏唜org.conf閲岀殑Modes琛屾敼鎴?Modes "1024x768"(灏忓啓鐨刋)
閫夋嫨榛樿鐨勫垎杈ㄧ巼鍜岃壊娣便€?杩欐槸鍦?"Screen" 灏忚妭涓畾涔夌殑锛? Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device聽 聽聽聽"Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport聽 聽0 0
Depth聽 聽聽聽24
Modes聽 聽聽聽"1024x768"
EndSubSection
EndSection
68.make world
cvsup -g -L 2 -h cvsup.freebsdchina.org standard-supfile聽 聽(鍗囩骇婧愮爜鏍?
cp /usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf /etc/make.conf
vi /etc/make.conf,淇濈暀濡備笅鍐呭
CFLAGS= -O -pipe
COPTFLAGS= -O -pipe
cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf聽 聽(鏇存敼鍐呮牳閰嶇疆鏂囦欢)
cp GENERIC TDS
vi TDS (鎸夐渶瑕佷慨鏀瑰叾鍐呭)
shutdown now聽 聽(閲嶅惎鍒板崟鐢ㄦ埛妯″紡)
adjkerntz -i聽 聽(纭畾鏈湴鏃堕棿璁剧疆)
cd /usr/src
make -j4 buildworld聽 聽(缂栬瘧鍩烘湰绯荤粺)
make buildkernel KERNCONF=TDS聽 聽(缂栬瘧鏂板唴鏍?
make installkernel KERNCONF=TDS聽 聽(瀹夎鏂板唴鏍?
reboot聽 聽(閲嶆柊鍚姩)
shutdown now聽 聽(閲嶅惎鍒板崟鐢ㄦ埛妯″紡)
cd /usr/src
mergemaster -p聽 聽(鏇存柊/etc鐩綍閲岀殑鏂囦欢,-p棰勫缓妯″紡)
make installworld聽 聽(瀹夎鏂扮殑浜岃繘鍒?
mergemaster -Ui (鏇存柊makeinstallworld涓嶆洿鏂扮殑鏂囦欢,-U閫蹭簡6-STABLE浜?閫欏姛鑳藉緢璁氾紝
灏辨槸浠栨渻鐪嬪摢浜?etc 鐨勬獢妗堬紝浣犳矑鏈夋敼閬庣殑锛屽氨鏈冭嚜鍕?merge锛岄€欐ǎ瀛愬彲浠ョ渷涓嬪緢澶氭檪闁撹窡鍔涙埃銆? shutdown -r now聽 聽(閲嶆柊鍚姩)
uname -a聽 聽(鏌ョ湅绯荤粺淇℃伅)
cd /usr/src
make cleanworld聽 聽(娓呴櫎鍗囩骇杩囩▼浜х敓鐨勪复鏃舵枃浠?
#############################################
涓柇鐨?build 鍙互琚仮澶嶅悧
cd /usr/src
make -DNOCLEAN all
杩欐牱灏变笉浼氬彇娑堝厛鍓嶇殑 make buildworld 鎵€鍋氱殑宸ヤ綔銆? ##############################################
濡傛灉鍑虹幇浜嗛敊璇垜璇ユ€庝箞鍔烇紵
鍒犻櫎浠ュ線鐨勭郴缁熸洿鏂版爲
cd /usr/obj
chflags -R noschg *
rm -rf *
cd /usr/src
make cleandir
make cleandir
涓嶉敊锛宮ake cleandir 鐪熺殑瑕佹墽琛屼袱娆°€? 鐒跺悗閲嶆柊寮€濮嬫暣涓繃绋嬶紝浣跨敤 make buildworld 寮€濮嬨€? mergemaster -p鐨勮鏄? mergemaster -p鐨勪綔鐢ㄦ槸寤虹珛涓€涓复鏃剁殑鏍圭幆澧冿紝鎶婃柊鐨勯厤缃枃浠舵槧灏勫埌杩欎釜鐜褰撲腑锛岀劧鍚庡拰绯荤粺鐨勯厤缃枃浠惰繘琛屾瘮杈冨拰澶勭悊锛岀洰鐨勬槸淇濊瘉绯荤粺閰嶇疆鏂囦欢鐨勬洿鏂帮紝杩欎竴鐐瑰緢閲嶈锛? 鍦ㄦ墽琛?mergemaster -p"鐨勮繃绋嬩腑锛屼富瑕佹槸杩涜浠ヤ笅澶勭悊锛? 妫€娴嬬郴缁熸槸鍚﹀瓨鍦ㄤ复鏃剁殑鏍圭幆澧冿紝濡傛灉瀛樺湪锛岃鐢ㄦ埛閫夋嫨鏄埄鐢ㄧ幇鏈夌殑杩樻槸鍒犻櫎瀹冿紝鐒跺悗鏂板缓锛? *** The directory specified for the temporary root environment,
/var/tmp/temproot, exists. This can be a security risk if untrusted
users have access to the system.
Use 'd' to delete the old /var/tmp/temproot and continue 鍒犻櫎鏃х殑/var/tmp/temproot
Use 't' to select a new temporary root directory 涓簍emproot閫夋嫨鏂扮殑鐩綍
Use 'e' to exit mergemaster 閫€鍑簃ergemaster
Default is to use /var/tmp/temproot as is
How should I deal with this? [Use the existing /var/tmp/temproot]
涓€鑸殑澶勭悊鏄€?"d" 锛屽垹闄ゅ師鏈夌殑鐩綍锛岀郴缁熷紑濮嬮噸鏂板缓绔嬭繖涓复鏃剁殑鏍圭幆澧冦€? 鍙杩涜鐨勪笉鏄ぇ璺ㄥ害鐨?FreeBSD 鐗堟湰鍗囩骇,鍙互绠€鍗曞湴璺宠繃杩欎竴姝?
mergemaster鐨勮鏄? 閲嶆柊缂栬瘧鏁翠釜绯荤粺涓嶄細浣跨敤鏂扮殑鎴栨敼杩囩殑閰嶇疆鏂囦欢鏇存柊鏌愪簺鐩綍(灏ゅ叾鍍?/etc,/var鍜?usr)鏇存柊杩欎簺鏂囦欢鏈€绠€鍗曠殑鏂瑰紡灏辨槸浣跨敤 mergemaster锛屾墜宸ュ幓鍋氫篃鏄彲浠ョ殑锛屽彧瑕佹偍鎰挎剰銆? 涓嶇鎮ㄩ€夋嫨鍝竴绉嶏紝涓€瀹氳寰楀浠?etc 浠ラ槻鍑洪敊銆? mergemaster鎿嶄綔涓彲鑳戒細閬囧埌浠ヤ笅鎿嶄綔鎻愮ず:
Use 'd' to delete the temporary 鍒犻櫎鏂囦欢,涓嶆洿鏂扮浉搴旂殑绯荤粺閰嶇疆鏂囦欢
Use 'i' to install the temporary 瀹夎鏂囦欢,浣跨敤鏂扮殑閰嶇疆鏂囦欢瑕嗙洊鏃ф枃浠? Use 'm' to merge the temporary and installed versions 瀵规棫鐨勯厤缃枃浠惰繘琛屽悎骞跺鐞?骞跺畨瑁? Use 'v' to view the diff results again 瀵熺湅鏂版枃浠朵笌鏃ф枃浠剁殑宸紓
###璺熻釜澶氬彴鏈哄櫒,浠.B2涓満鍣ㄤ负渚嬨€侫瑕佸惎鍔╪fs_server,B瑕佸惎鍔╪fs_client
A:/etc/rc.conf
rpcbind_enable="YES"
nfs_server_enable="YES"
/etc/exports
/usr/src /usr/obj /usr/ports聽 聽-maproot=0聽 聽192.168.0.61(B-ip)
B:/etc/rc.conf
nfs_client_enable="YES"
A.cd /usr/src
make -j4 buildworld聽 聽(缂栬瘧鍩烘湰绯荤粺)
make buildkernel KERNCONF=TDS聽 聽(缂栬瘧鏂板唴鏍?
B銆俶ount b-ip:/usr/src /usr/src
mount b-ip:/usr/obj /usr/obj
cd /usr/src
make installkernel KERNCONF=TDS聽 聽(瀹夎鏂板唴鏍?
reboot聽 聽(閲嶆柊鍚姩)
shutdown now聽 聽(閲嶅惎鍒板崟鐢ㄦ埛妯″紡)
cd /usr/src
mergemaster -p聽 聽(鏇存柊/etc鐩綍閲岀殑鏂囦欢,-p棰勫缓妯″紡)
make installworld聽 聽(瀹夎鏂扮殑浜岃繘鍒?
mergemaster -U聽 聽(鏇存柊makeinstallworld涓嶆洿鏂扮殑鏂囦欢,-U閫蹭簡6-STABLE浜?閫欏姛鑳藉緢璁氾紝
69.freebsd涓婁笅鐨刯dk鐨勫畨瑁呮柟娉?FreeBSD鍩洪噾浼氭彁渚涚殑diablo-jdk)
cd /usr/ports/java/diablo-jdk15
鏈€濂芥槸閫氳繃port鐨刣iablo-jdk瀹夎锛岃€屼笉鏄洿鎺kg_add锛屽洜涓哄悗鑰呭彲鑳戒細鍑虹幇渚濊禆鍏崇郴涓嶅鐨勯棶棰樸€? JDK涓嶫RE鐨勫叧绯? JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT 涓嶫AVA RUNTIME ENVIROMENT涔嬮棿鏄粈涔堝叧绯伙紵
JRE鍙槸Java鐨勮繍琛岀幆澧冿紝鑰孞DK鏄疛ava鐨勫紑鍙戙€佽繍琛屽拰璋冭瘯涓€浣撶殑鐜銆? JAVA鐜鍙橀噺鐨勮缃? csh 灏卞湪/etc/csh.cshrc
setenv JAVA_HOME /usr/local/diablo-jdk1.5.0
setenv CLASS_PATH .:/usr/local/diablo-jdk1.5.0/lib/dt.jar
bash灏卞湪/etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/diablo-jdk1.5.0
#export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/jakarta-tomcat5
export CLASSPATH=.JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jarJAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jarJAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
70.鏌ユ壘鏈€蹇殑cvsup绔欑偣
cd /usr/ports/sysutils/fastest-cvsup
make install clean
fastest-cvsup -c jp,cn,hk,us
71.chmod 鍛戒护姒傝В锛歝hmod鍛戒护鐢ㄤ簬鏀瑰彉鏂囦欢鐨勮繍琛岀骇鍒?璇?4鍐?2鎵ц=1)
chmod 400 files 缁欐煇鏂囦欢浠ュ彧璇绘潈闄? chmod 600 files 缁欐煇鏂囦欢浠ュ彧璇汇€佸啓鏉冮檺
chmod 700 files 缁欐煇鏂囦欢浠ュ彧璇汇€佸啓銆佹墽琛屾潈闄? chmod -R 400 directory 鏀瑰彉鏌愮洰褰曚笅鎵€鏈夋枃浠剁殑杩愯鏉冮檺涓哄彧璇绘潈闄? chmod -R 600 directory 鏀瑰彉鏌愮洰褰曚笅鎵€鏈夋枃浠剁殑杩愯鏉冮檺涓轰互鍙銆佸啓鏉冮檺
chmod -R 700 directory 鏀瑰彉鏌愮洰褰曚笅鎵€鏈夋枃浠剁殑杩愯鏉冮檺涓哄彧璇汇€佸啓銆佹墽琛屾潈闄? 72.chown姒傝В锛氭敼鍙樻枃浠跺強鏂囦欢澶圭殑鐢ㄦ埛鎵€灞? chown root:wheel files 鏀瑰彉鏂囦欢鐨勭敤鎴蜂负root鐢ㄦ埛缁勪负wheel缁? chown -R root:wheel directory 鏀瑰彉鐩綍鐨勭敤鎴蜂负root鐢ㄦ埛缁勪负wheel缁? 73.crontab 鎸囦护瑾炴硶
crontab [ -u user ] file
crontab [ -u user ] { -l | -r | -e }
crontab 鎻愪緵鎴戜滑鍦ㄥ浐瀹氱殑闂撮殧鏃堕棿鎵ц鑷鐨勭▼搴忋€佺郴缁熸寚浠ゆ垨 shell secrip銆傛椂闂撮棿闅旂殑鍗曚綅鍙互鏄垎閽熴€? 灏忔椂銆佹棩銆佸懆銆佹湀鍙婁互涓婄殑浠绘剰缁勫悎銆傚厑璁镐娇鐢ㄨ€呯绾挎墽琛岋紝骞朵笖鍙互灏嗘墽琛岀粨鏋滀互 email 閫氱煡浣跨敤鑰呫€傚洜姝わ紝
闈炲父璁惧悎瀵瑰懆鏈熸€х殑绠＄悊鍒嗘瀽鎴栨暟鎹浠界瓑宸ヤ綔銆? 鍩烘湰涓婏紝crontab 鐨勬寚浠ゆ牸寮忓垎涓哄叚涓儴鍒嗭紝鍓嶄簲涓负鏃堕棿闂撮殧锛屾渶鍚庡垯鏄墽琛岀殑鎸囦护銆傛瘡涓€涓儴鍒嗙敤绌烘牸鏉ュ尯闅斻€? crontab -e : 鎵ц鏂囧瓧缂栬緫鍣ㄦ潵璁惧畾鏃剁▼琛紝鍐呭畾鐨勬枃瀛楃紪杈戝櫒鏄?VI锛屽鏋滀綘鎯崇敤鍒殑鏂囧瓧缂栬緫鍣紝鍒欒鍏堣瀹? VISUAL 鐜鍙樻暟鏉ユ寚瀹氫娇鐢ㄩ偅涓枃瀛楃紪杈戝櫒(姣斿璇?setenv VISUAL joe)
crontab -r : 鍒犻櫎鐩墠鐨勬椂绋嬭〃
crontab -l : 鍒楀嚭鐩墠鐨勬椂绋嬭〃
crontab file [-u user]-鐢ㄦ寚瀹氱殑鏂囦欢鏇夸唬鐩墠鐨刢rontab銆? 鏃剁▼琛ㄧ殑鏍煎紡濡備笅:
f1 f2 f3 f4 f5聽 聽聽聽program
鍒?鏃?澶?鏈?鏄熸湡鍑?瑕佹墽琛岀殑绋嬪簭
褰?f1 涓?* 鏃惰〃绀烘瘡鍒嗛挓閮借鎵ц program锛宖2 涓?* 鏃惰〃绀烘瘡灏忔椂閮借鎵ц绋嬪簭锛屽叾棣€绫绘帹
褰?f1 涓?a-b 鏃惰〃绀轰粠绗?a 鍒嗛挓鍒扮 b 鍒嗛挓杩欐鏃堕棿鍐呰鎵ц锛宖2 涓?a-b 鏃惰〃绀轰粠绗?a 鍒扮 b 灏忔椂閮借鎵ц锛屽叾棣€绫绘帹
褰?f1 涓?*/n 鏃惰〃绀烘瘡 n 鍒嗛挓涓椂闂撮棿闅旀墽琛屼竴娆★紝f2 涓?*/n 琛ㄧず姣?n 灏忔椂涓椂闂撮棿闅旀墽琛屼竴娆★紝鍏堕绫绘帹
褰?f1 涓?a, b, c,... 鏃惰〃绀虹 a, b, c,... 鍒嗛挓瑕佹墽琛岋紝f2 涓?a, b, c,... 鏃惰〃绀虹 a, b, c...涓皬鏃惰鎵ц锛屽叾棣€绫绘帹
浣跨敤鑰呬篃鍙互灏嗘墍鏈夌殑璁惧畾鍏堝瓨鏀惧湪妗ｆ file 涓紝鐢?crontab file 鐨勬柟寮忔潵璁惧畾鏃剁▼琛ㄣ€? 鍏堝墠鏇炬彁鍒帮紝crontab 鐨勬牸寮忓垎鎴愬叚涓儴鍒嗭紝鍓嶄簲涓槸鏃堕棿鍙傛暟銆傚湪涓婁緥涓綘浼氬彂鐜伴櫎浜嗘暟瀛椾笌鑻辨枃鍚嶇О锛? 鏈変娇鐢ㄥ埌绗﹀彿"*"锛岃繖涓鍙蜂唬琛ㄦ瘡涓€鍗曚綅鐨勬剰鎬濓紝璀30 3 * * *鏃唬琛?0鍒?鐐规瘡鏃ユ瘡鏈堟槦鏈熺殑姣忓ぉ銆? 鏃堕棿鐨勬寚瀹氾紝鍙互鏄崟涓€鐨勬暟瀛楋紝鎴栧嚑涓暟瀛楃敤閫楀彿鏉ヨ繛鎺ャ€傜湅涓嬩緥
30 3,12 * * * /root/fbin/bak-web
鍏朵腑鐨勭浜岄」涓?3,12锛岃繖浠ｈ〃 3 浠ュ強 12 灏忔椂鐨勬剰鎬濄€傚啀鏉ョ湅涓嬩緥
30 */6 * * * /root/fbin/bak-web
鎴戞妸绗簩椤规敼鎴?*/6 杩欎唬琛ㄦ瘡 6 灏忔椂锛屼篃鐩稿綋浜?6,12,18,24 鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ€傛澶栬繕鏈変竴涓尯娈电殑鍋氭硶
30 8-18/2 * * * /root/fbin/bak-web
鎴戞妸绗簩椤规敼鎴?8-18/2 杩欎唬琛ㄥ湪 8 灏忔椂鍒?18 灏忔椂涔嬮棿姣?2 灏忔椂锛屼篃鐩稿綋浜?8,10,12,14,16,18 鐨勪綔鐢? 74.浣跨敤portsnap鏇存柊绯荤粺ports
portsnap浠?.0寮€濮嬪紩杩涚郴缁燂紝缁欎笌鐢ㄦ埛鏂逛究鐨勬洿鏂扮郴缁焢orts锛宲ortsnap鐨勫懡浠ゆ瘮杈冨皯,fetch 鑾峰彇鏁版嵁,extract 閲婃斁鍏ㄩ儴ports,update 鏇存柊ports
绗竴娆′娇鐢ㄥ彲浠ortsnap fetch extract,浠ュ悗浣跨敤鍙互portsnap fetch update鍥藉唴闀滃儚绔? portsnap.hshh.org
portsnap2.hshh.org
portsnap3.hshh.org (缃戦€?
浣跨敤鏂规硶:
/etc/portsnap.conf 閲岄潰鏇存敼
SERVERNAME=portsnap.hshh.org
浣跨敤portupgrade 鏇存柊宸插畨瑁呯殑杞欢
75.娓呭睆
clear鎴朿trl+L
76.freebsd 鎬庝箞瀹夎GF4 MX 440鐨勬樉鍗? 棣栧厛鏇存柊ports鍜宻rc锛屽埌/usr/ports/x11/nvidia-driver涓媘ake install clean锛岃閬镐腑linux鐨勬敮鎸併€? 鐒跺悗鍒?usr/ports/x11/nvidia-xconfig涓媘ake install clean锛岄倓鍙互鍒?usr/ports/x11/nvidia-settings涓嬪畨瑁濇帶鍒堕潰鏉裤€? 閬嬭nvidia-xconfig鏈冭嚜鍕曠敓鎴恱org.conf鏂囦欢锛岀劧鍚庢牴鎹渶瑕佽嚜琛屾洿鏀广€? 77.濡備綍鐭ラ亾涓€涓枃浠跺睘浜庡摢涓猵ort锛屾瘮濡俵ibplds4.so.1
pkg_info -W filename
78.mplayer
cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer
make install clean
闂锛氬浣曡mplayer鏀寔srt鏍煎紡鐨勫瓧骞曪紵
瑙ｇ瓟锛氶鍏堝鍒朵竴涓腑鏂噒tf瀛椾綋鏂囦欢鍒?~/.mplayer/ 鐩綍涓嬶紝骞舵敼鍚嶄负 subfont.ttf 锛涚劧鍚庡湪gmplayer鐨勯€夐」
(Preferences)->Subtitle & OSD 涓皢 Encoding 椤归€変负鈥淪implified Chinese charset (CP936)鈥濄€傚鏋滀綘杩樹娇鐢ㄥ懡浠よ鎾斁鐢靛奖锛岃繕闇€瑕佸湪 ~/.mplayer/config 鏂囦欢涓姞涓婅繖涔堜竴琛岋細subcp=cp936 銆傚鏋滀粛鐒朵笉鑳芥樉绀哄瓧骞曪紝璇风湅鐪嬪瓧骞曟枃浠跺悕鍜岀數褰辨枃浠跺悕鏄惁鐩搁厤锛氬鏋渁vi鏂囦欢鏄痬ovie.avi鐨勮瘽锛屽瓧骞曟枃浠跺悕搴旇鏄痬ovie.srt銆? 闂锛氭€庝箞mplayer涓嶈兘鏄剧ず.idx+.rar鏍煎紡鐨勫瓧骞曪紵
瑙ｇ瓟锛氬厛灏唕ar鏂囦欢涓殑sub鏂囦欢瑙ｅ帇鍑烘潵 銆? 闂锛氬浣曡mplayer鐨勬挱鏀剧獥鍙ｄ繚鎸佸湪鏈€鍓嶉潰锛? 瑙ｇ瓟锛氫慨鏀?~/.mplayer/config 鏂囦欢锛屽姞涓婅繖涔堜竴琛岋細ontop=yes 銆? 闂锛氬浣曡mplayer鐨勭敾闈㈤殢绐楀彛澶у皬鑷姩缂╂斁鍛紵
瑙ｇ瓟锛氫慨鏀?~/.mplayer/config 鏂囦欢锛屽姞涓婅繖涔堜竴琛岋細zoom=yes銆? 娴嬭瘯閫氳繃by tds 061119銆俧b61+xorg6.9+xfce4+gmplayer
79.璁剧疆鎺у埗鍙伴珮鍒嗚京鐜? 1.鍦ㄥ唴鏍搁厤鍒舵枃浠堕噷鍔犲叆涓嬮潰鐨勭紪璇戝唴鏍? options聽 聽 VESA
options聽 聽 SC_PIXEL_MODE
绗竴琛岄€夐」璁╁収鏍告敮鎸乂ESA 2锛岀浜岃璁╁唴鏍告敮鎸佹帶鍒跺彴鍥惧舰妯″紡銆? 2.vidcontrol -i mode 鏌ヨ鍑烘墍鏈夋ā寮? ......
279 (0x117) 0x0000000f G 1024x768x16 1 8x16聽 聽0xa0000 64k 64k 0xd8000000 65536k
280 (0x11 0x0000000f G 1024x768x32 1 8x16聽 聽0xa0000 64k 64k 0xd8000000 65536k
......
3.娴嬭瘯妯″紡
vidcontrol MODE_280
4.vi /etc/rc.conf鍔犲叆涓嬮潰杩欐潯
allscreens_flags="MODE_280"
5.鎶奵onsole鏀规垚榛戝簳缁垮瓧鐨? vidcontrol green
80.璁剧疆FreeBSD console涓嬬殑瀛椾綋澶у皬
vidcontrol -f ...
81.閿佷綇缁堢
lock -np
-n 姘镐笉瓒呮椂,-p 浣跨敤绯荤粺瀵嗙爜浣滀负寮€鍚粓绔殑瀵嗗寵
82.鍒诲綍CD ISO鏄犲儚鏂囦欢
burncd -f /dev/acd0 -s max data imagefile.iso fixate
鍒诲綍涓€涓枃浠跺埌CD涓婅€屼笉鍒涘缓ISO9660鏂囦欢绯荤粺
burncd -f /dev/acd1 -s 12 data archive.tar.gz fixate
鐢熸垚ISO鏂囦欢
mkisofs -o imagefile.iso /path/to/tree
鎶婃暟鎹瓹D澶嶅埗鎴愪竴涓笌涔嬬瓑浠风殑闀滃儚鏂囦欢
dd if=/dev/acd0 of=file.iso bs=2048
83.绫讳技flashget鐨勪笢涓渄ownload for X锛宒4x
/usr/ports/ftp/downloader
84.浣跨敤watch鐩戣缁堢
1.缂栬緫鏍稿績鍔犲叆pseudo-device snp鎴栬€卥ldload snp
2.cd /dev聽 聽./MAKEDEV snp0 snp1
3.watch ttyp1
鍘绘崲缁堢ctrl-x
閫€鍑簑atch ctrl-g
85.kldload xxx 鍔犺浇xxx妯″潡
kldstat 鏌ョ湅宸插姞杞界殑妯″潡
kldunload xxx 浠庢牳蹇冧腑绉婚櫎
86.璁╃▼搴忚鍙栨柊鐨勯厤缃枃浠? kill -HUP 199聽 聽聽 聽聽聽(杩涚О鍙?
killall -HUP sshd (杩涚▼鍚?
涓婅堪鎸囦护涓殑鍙傛暟 -HUP 涔熷彲浠ヤ娇鐢?-1 鏉ュ彇浠? 87.鐧诲叆鍚庣殑璁伅Message Of The Day(motd)
缂栬緫 /etc/motd 鏉ュ埗浣滆嚜宸辩殑鐢婚潰
鐧诲叆鍓嶇殑璁伅
淇敼 /etc/gettytab 鍙?/etc/issue
缂栬緫 /etc/gettytab锛屾壘鍒?default鐨勫湴鏂广€? default:\:cb:ce:ck:lc:fd#1000:im=\r\n%s/%m (%h) (%t)\r\n\r\n:sp#1200:\
:if=/etc/issue:
鍏朵腑鐨?s %m %h %t鍒嗗埆瀵瑰簲鍒癋reeBSD i386 example.com ttyp0锛屽鏋滀綘涓嶆兂鏄剧ずFreeBSD锛? 灏辨妸%s鎷挎帀銆傛渶鍚庝竴琛宨f=/etc/issue灏辨槸琛ㄥ鏋滄病鏈塱ssue杩欎釜妗ｇ殑璇濓紝灏辨墽琛宒efault銆? 88.鍙樻洿鑷繁鎵€浣跨敤鐨凷hell
chsh -s /bin/tcsh
涓婅堪鎸囦护灏哠hell鍙樻洿鎴?bin/tcsh銆傛敞鎰?杈撳叆鐨剆hell鍚嶇О涓€瀹氳瀛樺湪浜?etc/shells涓? 89.Shell 鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲? tcsh鍙互浣跨敤setenv鐪嬬洰鍓嶆墍鏈夌殑鐜鍙橀噺锛屼篃鍙互浣跨敤setenv鏉ユ敼鍙樹竴涓幆澧冨彉閲忕殑鍊? setenv EDITOR ee
濡傛灉鎮ㄤ娇鐢ㄧ殑鏄?Bourne Shell锛? export EDITOR="ee"
90./etc/master.passwd 浠嬬粛
FreeBSD浣跨敤shadow password鐨勬柟寮忔潵淇濇姢瀵嗙爜鏂囦欢锛屽彧鏈塺oot鎵嶅彲浠ヨ鍙栫紪鐮佸悗鐨勫瘑鐮佹枃浠?etc/master.passwd銆備絾鏄繖骞朵笉鏄郴缁熺敤鏉ラ獙璇佺殑妗ｆ锛屼负浜嗗姞蹇€熷害锛孎reeBSD灏嗚鏂囦欢鍋氭垚鏁版嵁搴?etc/spwd.db鍙?etc/pwd.db锛屽洜姝ゅ湪淇敼瀹宮aster.passwd鍚庯紝蹇呴』浣跨敤鎸囦护pwd_mkdb鏉ュ皢master.passwd鍋氭垚鏁版嵁搴撴。妗堛€備笉杩囦竴鑸€岃█锛屾垜浼氫娇鐢╲ipw杩欎釜鎸囦护鏉ヤ慨鏀筸aster.passwd锛寁ipw浼氬厛灏唌aster.passwd浠ラ璁剧殑鏂囦功缂栬緫杞欢鎵撳紑锛屼慨鏀瑰畬瀛樼洏鍚庯紝瀹冧細瑙嗛渶瑕佽嚜鍔ㄦ洿鏂版暟鎹簱銆? pwd_mkdb -p -d /etc /etc/master.passwd
master.passwd杩欎釜妗ｆ鍐呭涓紝姣忎釜浣跨敤鑰呴兘鏄嫭绔嬬殑涓€琛岋紝姣忎釜瀛楁浣跨敤鍐掑彿鍒嗗紑锛屾牸寮忔槸锛? name:password:UID:GID:class:change:expire:fullname:home:shell
pwd_mkdb浠嬬粛
濡傛灉鎴戜滑鐩存帴浠ユ枃涔︾紪杈戣蒋浠舵潵淇敼/etc/master.passwd锛屽湪淇敼瀹屽悗锛屽繀椤绘墽琛宲wd_mkdb鏉ュ皢鏇存柊鐨勬暟鎹仛鎴愮郴缁熷彲浠ヨ鍙栫殑鏁版嵁搴撴枃浠躲€俻wd_mkdb杩樹細鑷姩寤虹珛/etc/passwd銆? 91.灏嗕娇鐢ㄨ€呯洰褰曟嫢鏈夎€呮洿鏀逛负鎵€灞炵殑浣跨敤鑰? chown -R user:group /home/user
浣跨敤鍙傛暟-R灏嗙洰褰晆ser鍙婂叾涓嬫墍鏈夋。妗堝強瀛愮洰褰曠殑鎷ユ湁浜烘敼鍙樻垚user
92.璁板綍浣跨敤鑰呮寚浠? 淇敼 /etc/rc.conf锛屽姞涓婁笅鍒椾竴琛岃瀹氾細
accounting_enable="YES"
绯荤粺浼氬皢浣跨敤鑰呯殑鍘嗙▼璁板綍鍦?var/account/acct*涓紝鏈€鏂扮殑璁板綍鏄痑cct
褰撲笅杈炬寚浠astcomm鏃讹紝鍒欑郴缁熶細浠?var/account/acct涓哄弬鑰冿紝鍗板嚭鎵€璁板綍鐨勬暟鎹€? 涔熷彲浠ヤ娇鐢╨astcomm -f acct1鏉ユ煡鐪嬪墠涓€澶╃殑璧勬枡銆? 93.sudo
濡傛灉浣犲笇鏈涘畠鑳藉皢鎵цsudo鐨刲og璁颁笅鏉ョ殑璇濓紝蹇呴』鍏堢紪杈?usr/ports/security/sudo/Makefile锛? 灏咰ONFIGURE_ARGS涓殑鍙傛暟 --disable-log-wrap 鎷挎帀銆? cd /usr/ports/security/sudo
make install clean
瀹夎瀹屽悗锛屾垜浠鍏堟墽琛?usr/local/sbin/visudo浠ヨ瀹歴udo鐨勮瀹氭。(/usr/loca/etc/sudoers)銆傝瀹氬畬鍚庯紝浣跨敤鑰呭嵆鍙墽琛宻udo 锛屼娇鐢ㄨ€呭彧瑕佽緭鍏ヨ嚜宸辩殑瀵嗙爜鍗冲彲锛屼笉蹇呯煡閬搑oot瀵嗙爜锛岃€屼笖5鍒嗛挓鍐呭啀娆℃墽琛宻udo鏃朵笉闇€鍐嶈緭鍏ュ瘑鐮併€傚鏋滀綘鏈夋墦寮€log璁板綍鍔熻兘锛宻udo鎵ц鎴愬姛鎴栧け璐ョ殑log閮藉皢琚褰曞埌/var/log/sudo.log涓€? 94./usr/ports/dns/ddclient鍔ㄦ€乨ns鏇存柊杞欢
95.SCSI宸ュ叿camcontrol
camcontrol devlist 鏌ョ湅鐩墠鎵€鏈塙SB瑁呯疆
ATA宸ュ叿
atacontrol list 鏌ョ湅鐩墠鎵€鏈堿TA瑁呯疆
96.濡傛灉鎴戜滑鍙煡閬撲竴涓叧閿瘝锛屽嵈涓嶇煡瑕佷娇鐢ㄥ摢涓€涓寚浠わ紝鎴戜滑鍙互浣跨敤鍙傛暟k鏉ユ煡璇€? 渚嬪鎴戜滑瑕佹煡璇?firewall 鐩稿叧鐨勬寚浠わ細man -k firewall
97.bg
灏嗘寚瀹氱殑绋嬪簭鏀惧叆鑳屾櫙涓墽琛屻€傚綋鎴戜滑涓嬭揪涓€涓寚浠ゅ悗锛屽繀椤昏绛夊緟璇ョ▼搴忕粨鏉熷悗鎵嶈兘杈撳叆涓嬩竴涓懡浠ゃ€? 濡傛灉璇ョ▼搴忓繀椤绘墽琛屼竴娈靛緢闀跨殑鏃堕棿锛屾垜浠笉鎯崇瓑绋嬪簭缁撴潫锛屽彲浠ユ妸瀹冩斁鍒拌儗鏅腑鎵ц銆傚湪涓嬭揪鎸囦护鍚庯紝鎸?Ctrl+Z 鏉ユ殏鍋滅▼搴忥紝鎺ョ潃鍐嶆墽琛?bg 鍗冲彲灏嗙▼搴忔斁鍒拌儗鏅腑鎵ц銆? $ sleep 1000
^Z
Suspended
$ bg
[1] sleep 1000 &
鎴戜滑涔熷彲浠ュ湪鎵€瑕佹墽琛岀殑鎸囦护鍚庨潰鍔犱笂绗﹀彿 "&"锛屽氨鍙互灏嗚绋嬪簭鏀惧埌鑳屾櫙鎵ц锛? $ sleep 1000 &
[2] 46461
98.jobs
jobs 鎸囦护鍙互璁╂垜浠煡璇㈢洰鍓嶆湁鍝簺绋嬪簭鍦ㄨ儗鏅墽琛屻€傚鏋滃姞鍏ュ弬鏁?-l 鍙互寰楀埌 PID 鐨勪俊鎭€? jobs -l
[1] + 46459 Running sleep 1000
[2] - 46461 Running sleep 1500
99.fg
灏嗘寚瀹氱殑绋嬪簭鏀惧埌鍓嶆櫙涓墽琛屻€傛垜浠娇鐢╦obs鐪嬪埌鐩墠鍦ㄨ儗鏅墽琛岀殑绋嬪簭涔嬪悗锛屽彲浠ヤ娇鐢╢g鎶婂畠鍙洖鍓嶆櫙銆? 渚嬪瑕佸彨鍥炵涓€涓湪鑳屾櫙涓墽琛岀殑绋嬪簭锛? fg %1
sleep 1000
100.sync
璁╃郴缁熸殏瀛樼殑鏁版嵁寮哄埗瀛樺洖纭洏
101.cp -Rp sourdir tardir
-R瀹屾垚閫掑綊澶嶅埗(鍗冲彲浠ュ鍒剁洰褰曚互涓嬬殑鎵€鏈夊唴瀹?锛?p淇濈暀鏂囦欢鐨勬椂闂淬€佹墍灞炵瓑绛? 102.ssh
[[email聽protected]][email聽protected][/email]
浠庤繙绋嬫嫹璐?scp
[[email聽protected]:/path/to/files][email聽protected]:/path/to/files[/email]
local_file_name
鎷疯礉鍒拌繙绋?scp local_file_name
[[email聽protected]:/path/to/files][email聽protected]:/path/to/files[/email]
103.浣跨敤Portaudit鐩戣绗笁鏂瑰畨鍏ㄩ棶棰? cd /usr/ports/security/portaudit && make install clean
瀹夎瀹屾垚涔嬪悗鏇存柊鏁版嵁搴? portaudit -Fda
浣跨敤涓嬮潰鐨勫懡浠ゅ閫氳繃Ports Collection瀹夎鐨勭涓夋柟杞欢宸ュ叿杩涜瀹¤
portaudit -a
104.鎴戣鎬庝箞浠?X 鍒囨崲鍒?virtual consoles锛? 璇风敤Ctrl+Alt+Fn浠ュ垏鍥炶嚦console銆侰trl+Alt+F1鍙互鍒囧洖鑷崇涓€涓猚onsole銆? 褰撲綘鍒囧洖鑷虫枃瀛梒onsole鍚庯紝浣犲氨鍙互浣跨敤涓€鑸殑Alt+Fn缁勫悎閿湪鍚刢onsole涔嬮棿鍒囨崲浜嗐€? 瑕佸洖鍒癤鐨勮瘽锛屼綘灏卞彲浠ヤ娇鐢ˋlt+F9浠ヨ繑鍥炶嚦X涓€? 105.FB涓婩ree鐨勬潃姣掕蒋浠? clamav (security/clamav)
man clamscan 鎵弿
man freshclam 鏇存柊鐥呮瘨搴? man clamd
man clamdscan
man sigtool
閰嶇疆鏂囦欢
/use/local/etc/freshclam.conf
/usr/local/etc/clamd.conf
鎶奵onf閲岀殑#Example鍘绘帀
# Comment or remove the line below.
#Example
/etc/rc.conf鍔犲叆
clamav_clamd_enable="YES"
clamav_freshclam_enable="YES"
106.杞欢榛樿閰嶇疆绀轰緥鏂囦欢鐨勪竴鑸瓨鏀句綅缃? /usr/share/examples
/usr/local/share/examples
107.瀹夎鏂囨硥椹垮瓧浣? cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/wqy/
make install clean
108.鎶?data/tftp鎵撳寘鎴恜xeinstfb62.tgz
cd /data/
tar zcvf pxeinstfb62.tgz tftp
瑙ｅ帇
tar zxvf pxeinstfb62.tgz
109.ports涓嬫湁娌℃湁xxx杩欎釜杞欢锛熷湪鍝釜鐩綍涓嬶紵
鍥炵瓟锛氭湁涓ょ鍔炴硶鏉ユ煡鎵撅紝涓€鏄€氳繃杞欢鍚嶏細
make fetchindex
cd /usr/ports
make search name=xxx | grep ^Path
鍙︿竴绉嶆槸閫氳繃鍏抽敭瀛楋紝涔熷氨鏄湪杞欢鍚嶅拰璇存槑涓彧瑕佸寘鎷繖涓崟璇嶇殑閮戒細鏌ユ壘鍑烘潵锛? cd /usr/ports
make search key=xxx | grep ^Path
110.FreeBSD濡備綍鑾峰緱纭欢淇℃伅?
sysctl -a | grep "^dev\."
pciconf -lv
![XPCOM的有关链接[图]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)