NOARCHIVELOG模式下冷备份还原数据库！

 冷备就是把数据库的相关文件复制一份，它只能做还原操作，不能做恢复操作。现在登录到数据库中，把数据文件、控制文件、日志文件存放路径找到，然后关闭数据库，备份列出的文件。

SQL> show user
USER 为 "SYS"
SQL> select INSTANCE_NAME,STATUS from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
data             OPEN

SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/system01.dbf

SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/control02.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/control03.ctl

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/redo01.log

SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
           

临时文件可以不备份，实际中还应该备份参数文件。这里我把上面所有的文件复制到/u01/datafile/下面，然后删除备份前的所有文件，模拟磁盘故障。

[[email protected] datafile]$ pwd
/u01/datafile
[[email protected] datafile]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/* /u01/datafile/
[[email protected] datafile]$ ll
总计 954144
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 10-08 07:46 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 10-08 07:46 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 10-08 07:46 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10-08 07:46 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10-08 07:46 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10-08 07:46 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 262152192 10-08 07:46 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 503324672 10-08 07:46 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 10-08 07:46 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  26222592 10-08 07:46 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 10-08 07:46 users01.dbf
[[email protected] datafile]$ rm -rf temp01.dbf 
[[email protected] datafile]$ ll
总计 953560
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 10-08 07:46 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 10-08 07:46 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   7061504 10-08 07:46 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10-08 07:46 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10-08 07:46 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 10-08 07:46 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 262152192 10-08 07:46 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 503324672 10-08 07:46 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  26222592 10-08 07:46 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 10-08 07:46 users01.dbf
[[email protected] datafile]$ rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/
           

可以看见数据库不能正常启动

SQL> conn /as sysdba
已连接到空闲例程。
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  167772160 bytes
Fixed Size                  1266392 bytes
Variable Size              67112232 bytes
Database Buffers           96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers                2924544 bytes
ORA-00205: ?????????, ??????, ???????


SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------------------
STARTED

SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: ??????


ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
           

下面记录还原操作：

1.创建pfile参数文件，修改控制文件的存储路径。

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

文件已创建。
           

*.control_files='/u01/datafile/control01.ctl','/u01/datafile/control02.ctl','/u01/datafile/control03.ctl'
           

2.mount数据库。

SQL> conn /as sysdba
已连接到空闲例程。
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initdata.ora'
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  167772160 bytes
Fixed Size                  1266392 bytes
Variable Size              67112232 bytes
Database Buffers           96468992 bytes
Redo Buffers                2924544 bytes
SQL> alter database mount;

数据库已更改。
           

此时，数据库还不能open，因为数据库文件，日志文件的路径还不对。

SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01157: ????/?????? 1 - ??? DBWR ????
ORA-01110: ???? 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/system01.dbf'


SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
MOUNTED
           

3.修改路径

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/users01.dbf

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/redo01.log

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/system01.dbf' to '/u01/datafile/system01.dbf';

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/undotbs01.dbf' to '/u01/datafile/undotbs01.dbf';

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/sysaux01.dbf' to '/u01/datafile/sysaux01.dbf';

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/users01.dbf' to '/u01/datafile/users01.dbf';

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/redo01.log' to '/u01/datafile/redo01.log';

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/redo02.log' to '/u01/datafile/redo02.log';

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/data/redo03.log' to '/u01/datafile/redo03.log';

数据库已更改。

SQL>  select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/datafile/system01.dbf
/u01/datafile/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/datafile/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/datafile/users01.dbf

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/datafile/redo03.log
/u01/datafile/redo02.log
/u01/datafile/redo01.log
           

4.打开数据库验证

SQL> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

SQL> select count(*) from tab;

  COUNT(*)
----------
      3657