SQLite数据库操作实践

SQLite存储类型

null - 空值

integer - 有符号整数,自增列定义 id integer primary key autoincrement

real - 浮点数,存储为8-byte IEEE浮点数

text - 文本字符串使用数据库编码（UTF-8, UTF-16BE 或 UTF-16LE）进行存储

blob - 二进制数据，如图片、声音等等

也可以接受其它数据类型例如datetime,varchar,nvarchar,decimal,float,double,bigint 等等

Last login: Tue Jan 7 19:05:33 2014 from 192.168.10.1

[[email protected] ~]$ su

Password:

[[email protected] myth]# pwd //显示当前工作目录

/home/myth

进入SQLite命令行创建数据库并且打开数据库

[[email protected] myth]# sqlite3 bookstore.db

SQLite version 3.6.20

Enter ".help" for instructions

Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"

sqlite> .databases

seq name file

--- --------------- ----------------------------------------------------------

0 main /home/myth/bookstore.db

sqlite>

sqlite> .quit //退出SQLite命令行环境

[[email protected] myth]#

打开数据库

[[email protected] myth]# sqlite3 bookstore.db //如果数据库已经存在了，则打开数据库

SQLite version 3.6.20

Enter ".help" for instructions

Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"

sqlite> .help //查看帮助信息

.backup ?DB? FILE Backup DB (default "main") to FILE

.bail ON|OFF Stop after hitting an error. Default OFF

.databases List names and files of attached databases

.dump ?TABLE? ... Dump the database in an SQL text format

If TABLE specified, only dump tables matching

LIKE pattern TABLE.

.echo ON|OFF Turn command echo on or off

.exit Exit this program

.explain ON|OFF Turn output mode suitable for EXPLAIN on or off.

.genfkey ?OPTIONS? Options are:

--no-drop: Do not drop old fkey triggers.

--ignore-errors: Ignore tables with fkey errors

--exec: Execute generated SQL immediately

See file tool/genfkey.README in the source

distribution for further information.

.header(s) ON|OFF Turn display of headers on or off

.help Show this message

.import FILE TABLE Import data from FILE into TABLE

.indices ?TABLE? Show names of all indices

If TABLE specified, only show indices for tables

matching LIKE pattern TABLE.

.load FILE ?ENTRY? Load an extension library

.mode MODE ?TABLE? Set output mode where MODE is one of:

csv Comma-separated values

column Left-aligned columns. (See .width)

html HTML <table> code

insert SQL insert statements for TABLE

line One value per line

list Values delimited by .separator string

tabs Tab-separated values

tcl TCL list elements

.nullvalue STRING Print STRING in place of NULL values

.output FILENAME Send output to FILENAME

.output stdout Send output to the screen

.prompt MAIN CONTINUE Replace the standard prompts

.quit Exit this program

.read FILENAME Execute SQL in FILENAME

.restore ?DB? FILE Restore content of DB (default "main") from FILE

.schema ?TABLE? Show the CREATE statements

If TABLE specified, only show tables matching

LIKE pattern TABLE.

.separator STRING Change separator used by output mode and .import

.show Show the current values for various settings

.tables ?TABLE? List names of tables

If TABLE specified, only list tables matching

LIKE pattern TABLE.

.timeout MS Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds

.width NUM NUM ... Set column widths for "column" mode

.timer ON|OFF Turn the CPU timer measurement on or off

sqlite>

创建表

sqlite> create table books(id integer primary key, title nvarchar(50),pubdate datetime);

sqlite> create table publishers(id integer primary key, name varchar(20));

sqlite> .tables //查看数据库中存在的表

books publishers

sqlite> .schema books //显示表结构

CREATE TABLE books(id integer primary key, title nvarchar(50),pubdate datetime);

sqlite>

sqlite> alter table books add column publisher text not null default '' collate nocase; //增加表字段

sqlite> .schema books //显示表结构

CREATE TABLE books(id integer primary key, title nvarchar(50),pubdate datetime, publisher text not null default '' collate nocase);

sqlite>

sqlite> alter table publishers rename to authors; //修改表名

sqlite> .tables //查看数据库中存在的表

authors books

sqlite>

修改字段名称

//修改字段名称和数据类型(删除字段也类似)，更简单的做法：如果没有重要数据，可以直接删除表重新创建

sqlite> alter table authors rename to authorsOld;

sqlite> create table authors (id integer primary key, author nvarchar(20));

sqlite> insert into authors select id, name from authorsOld;

sqlite> drop table authorsOld;

sqlite> .schema authors

CREATE TABLE authors (id integer primary key, author nvarchar(20));

//还可以把数据导出成insert语句，然后删除表，重新创建表，执行所有insert语句添加数据

显示数据库所有表名称

sqlite> select name from sqlite_master where type='table' order by name; //显示数据库所有表名称,sqlite_master表是只读的

authors

books

sqlite> select name from

...> (SELECT * from sqlite_master union all select * from sqlite_temp_master)

...> where type='table' order by name; //显示数据库所有表名称(永久和临时)

authors

books

sqlite>

删除表

sqlite> drop table authors;

sqlite> .tables //查看数据库中存在的表

books

sqlite>

往表中插入数据

sqlite> insert into books(id,title,pubdate,publisher) values(1,'交换机.路由器.防火墙','2007-08-28','电子工业出版社');

sqlite> insert into books(id,title,pubdate,publisher) values(2, '网络硬件搭建与配置实践','2007-01-20','电子工业出版社');

sqlite>

sqlite> insert into books(title,pubdate,publisher) values('英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 实战版','2005-12-31','世界知识出版社');

sqlite> insert into books(title,pubdate,publisher) values('英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 朗读版','2006-12-20','世界知识出版社');

sqlite>

sqlite> insert into books

...> select 100,'软件项目管理理论与案例分析','2007-08-30','中国电力出版社' union all

...> select 105,'初级会计电算化','2006-03-27','中国财政经济出版社';

sqlite>

sqlite> insert into books(id,title,pubdate,publisher)

...> select 300,'供应链管理 ------战略、规划与运营','2003-02-28','社会科学文献出版社' union all

...> select 301,'UML实战教程 ------面向.NET开发人员','2006-12-31','清华大学出版社' union all

...> select 302,'Project 2003 企业项目管理快译通','2007-02-28','人民邮电出版社';

sqlite>

sqlite> select * from books;

1|交换机.路由器.防火墙|2007-08-28|电子工业出版社

2|网络硬件搭建与配置实践|2007-01-20|电子工业出版社

3|英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 实战版|2005-12-31|世界知识出版社

4|英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 朗读版|2006-12-20|世界知识出版社

100|软件项目管理理论与案例分析|2007-08-30|中国电力出版社

105|初级会计电算化|2006-03-27|中国财政经济出版社

300|供应链管理 ------战略、规划与运营|2003-02-28|社会科学文献出版社

301|UML实战教程 ------面向.NET开发人员|2006-12-31|清华大学出版社

302|Project 2003 企业项目管理快译通|2007-02-28|人民邮电出版社

sqlite>

查询分页

sqlite> select * from books limit 0,5;

1|交换机.路由器.防火墙|2007-08-28|电子工业出版社

2|网络硬件搭建与配置实践|2007-01-20|电子工业出版社

3|英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 实战版|2005-12-31|世界知识出版社

4|英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 朗读版|2006-12-20|世界知识出版社

100|软件项目管理理论与案例分析|2007-08-30|中国电力出版社

sqlite>

sqlite> select * from books limit 5,5;

105|初级会计电算化|2006-03-27|中国财政经济出版社

300|供应链管理 ------战略、规划与运营|2003-02-28|社会科学文献出版社

301|UML实战教程 ------面向.NET开发人员|2006-12-31|清华大学出版社

302|Project 2003 企业项目管理快译通|2007-02-28|人民邮电出版社

sqlite>

查询分页

sqlite> select * from books limit 5 offset 0;

1|交换机.路由器.防火墙|2007-08-28|电子工业出版社

2|网络硬件搭建与配置实践|2007-01-20|电子工业出版社

3|英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 实战版|2005-12-31|世界知识出版社

4|英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 朗读版|2006-12-20|世界知识出版社

100|软件项目管理理论与案例分析|2007-08-30|中国电力出版社

sqlite>

sqlite> select * from books limit 5 offset 5;

105|初级会计电算化|2006-03-27|中国财政经济出版社

300|供应链管理 ------战略、规划与运营|2003-02-28|社会科学文献出版社

301|UML实战教程 ------面向.NET开发人员|2006-12-31|清华大学出版社

302|Project 2003 企业项目管理快译通|2007-02-28|人民邮电出版社

sqlite>

查询分页(推荐此法)

sqlite> select * from books where id >=(select id from books order by id limit 5*0,1) limit 5;

1|交换机.路由器.防火墙|2007-08-28|电子工业出版社

2|网络硬件搭建与配置实践|2007-01-20|电子工业出版社

3|英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 实战版|2005-12-31|世界知识出版社

4|英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 朗读版|2006-12-20|世界知识出版社

100|软件项目管理理论与案例分析|2007-08-30|中国电力出版社

sqlite>

sqlite> select * from books where id >=(select id from books order by id limit 5*1,1) limit 5;

105|初级会计电算化|2006-03-27|中国财政经济出版社

300|供应链管理 ------战略、规划与运营|2003-02-28|社会科学文献出版社

301|UML实战教程 ------面向.NET开发人员|2006-12-31|清华大学出版社

302|Project 2003 企业项目管理快译通|2007-02-28|人民邮电出版社

sqlite>

设置格式化查询结果

sqlite> .mode column

sqlite> .headers on

sqlite> .mode line

sqlite>

sqlite> .show

echo: off

explain: off

headers: on

mode: line

nullvalue: ""

output: stdout

separator: "\t"

width:

sqlite> select * from books;

id = 1

title = 交换机.路由器.防火墙

pubdate = 2007-08-28

publisher = 电子工业出版社

id = 2

title = 网络硬件搭建与配置实践

pubdate = 2007-01-20

publisher = 电子工业出版社

id = 3

title = 英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 实战版

pubdate = 2005-12-31

publisher = 世界知识出版社

id = 4

title = 英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 朗读版

pubdate = 2006-12-20

publisher = 世界知识出版社

id = 100

title = 软件项目管理理论与案例分析

pubdate = 2007-08-30

publisher = 中国电力出版社

id = 105

title = 初级会计电算化

pubdate = 2006-03-27

publisher = 中国财政经济出版社

id = 300

title = 供应链管理 ------战略、规划与运营

pubdate = 2003-02-28

publisher = 社会科学文献出版社

id = 301

title = UML实战教程 ------面向.NET开发人员

pubdate = 2006-12-31

publisher = 清华大学出版社

id = 302

title = Project 2003 企业项目管理快译通

pubdate = 2007-02-28

publisher = 人民邮电出版社

sqlite>

设置格式化查询结果"insert"模式下，返回的查询结果将以SQL的INSERT语句形式进行显示

sqlite> .mode insert rebooks

sqlite> select * from books;

INSERT INTO rebooks VALUES(1,'交换机.路由器.防火墙','2007-08-28','电子工业出版社');

INSERT INTO rebooks VALUES(2,'网络硬件搭建与配置实践','2007-01-20','电子工业出版社');

INSERT INTO rebooks VALUES(3,'英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 实战版','2005-12-31','世界知识出版社');

INSERT INTO rebooks VALUES(4,'英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 朗读版','2006-12-20','世界知识出版社');

INSERT INTO rebooks VALUES(100,'软件项目管理理论与案例分析','2007-08-30','中国电力出版社');

INSERT INTO rebooks VALUES(105,'初级会计电算化','2006-03-27','中国财政经济出版社');

INSERT INTO rebooks VALUES(300,'供应链管理 ------战略、规划与运营','2003-02-28','社会科学文献出版社');

INSERT INTO rebooks VALUES(301,'UML实战教程 ------面向.NET开发人员','2006-12-31','清华大学出版社');

INSERT INTO rebooks VALUES(302,'Project 2003 企业项目管理快译通','2007-02-28','人民邮电出版社');

sqlite>

设置格式化查询结果,将查询结果写入创建的空文件out_books.txt中

sqlite> .mode list

sqlite> .separator |

sqlite> .output out_books.txt

sqlite> select * from books;

sqlite> .exit

[[email protected] myth]# cat out_books.txt //查看写入的文件内容

id|title|pubdate|publisher

1|交换机.路由器.防火墙|2007-08-28|电子工业出版社

2|网络硬件搭建与配置实践|2007-01-20|电子工业出版社

3|英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 实战版|2005-12-31|世界知识出版社

4|英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 朗读版|2006-12-20|世界知识出版社

100|软件项目管理理论与案例分析|2007-08-30|中国电力出版社

105|初级会计电算化|2006-03-27|中国财政经济出版社

300|供应链管理 ------战略、规划与运营|2003-02-28|社会科学文献出版社

301|UML实战教程 ------面向.NET开发人员|2006-12-31|清华大学出版社

302|Project 2003 企业项目管理快译通|2007-02-28|人民邮电出版社

[[email protected] myth]#

创建视图

[[email protected] myth]# sqlite3 bookstore.db

SQLite version 3.6.20

Enter ".help" for instructions

Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"

sqlite> create view v_books as select * from books;

sqlite> .tables

books v_books

sqlite> .schema v_books

CREATE VIEW v_books as select * from books;

sqlite>

创建索引

sqlite> create index index_books on books(publisher);

sqlite> .indices books

index_books

sqlite> .dump //打印当前数据库所有操作内容

PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;

BEGIN TRANSACTION;

CREATE TABLE books(id integer primary key, title nvarchar(50),pubdate datetime, publisher text not null default '' collate nocase);

INSERT INTO "books" VALUES(1,'交换机.路由器.防火墙','2007-08-28','电子工业出版社');

INSERT INTO "books" VALUES(2,'网络硬件搭建与配置实践','2007-01-20','电子工业出版社');

INSERT INTO "books" VALUES(3,'英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 实战版','2005-12-31','世界知识出版社');

INSERT INTO "books" VALUES(4,'英语沙龙 ENGLISH SALON 朗读版','2006-12-20','世界知识出版社');

INSERT INTO "books" VALUES(100,'软件项目管理理论与案例分析','2007-08-30','中国电力出版社');

INSERT INTO "books" VALUES(105,'初级会计电算化','2006-03-27','中国财政经济出版社');

INSERT INTO "books" VALUES(300,'供应链管理 ------战略、规划与运营','2003-02-28','社会科学文献出版社');

INSERT INTO "books" VALUES(301,'UML实战教程 ------面向.NET开发人员','2006-12-31','清华大学出版社');

INSERT INTO "books" VALUES(302,'Project 2003 企业项目管理快译通','2007-02-28','人民邮电出版社');

CREATE VIEW v_books as select * from books;

CREATE INDEX index_books on books(publisher);

COMMIT;

sqlite>

导出数据库到 SQL 文件

sqlite> .output bookstore.sql //创建一个空文件bookstore.sql

sqlite> .dump //将dump显示的内容写入空文件bookstore.sql

sqlite> .output stdout //恢复屏幕输出，不再将后面其它操作输出内容写入到文件bookstore.sql中

sqlite> .exit

[[email protected] myth]#

[[email protected] myth]# cat bookstore.sql //查看写入的文件内容