SWP分区添加与LAM中的逻辑卷实践
实践要求：
要求分析：1.SWAP分区：添加一个新的虚拟磁盘进行 新建分区—>修改id号为82—>格式化—>启用swap分区—>写入fstab文件实现开机自动挂载
一、Swap分区
1.[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb //进入分区设置
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5853998b.
Command (m for help): n //新建分区
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p //主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 //选择分区编号
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): //回车
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +512MiB //选择分区大小
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 512 MiB.
Command (m for help): p //打印显示刚才的配置
Disk /dev/sdb: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5853998b
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t //选择类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L //类型清单
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden or c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ea Rufus alignment
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ee GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fb VMware VMFS
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fc VMware VMKCORE
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fd Linux raid auto
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bc Acronis FAT32 L fe LANstep
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82 //选择82 swap 类型
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'.
Command (m for help): w //保存退出
// 由此完成了新建分区 和修改ID号为82 Linux swap交换类型
//lsblk查看分区信息
[[email protected] ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 10G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 17G 0 part
├─rhel-root 253:0 0 15G 0 lvm /
└─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
2.、输入partx /dev/sdb 让内核识别到新创建的分区
[[email protected] ~]# partx /dev/sda
NR START END SECTORS SIZE NAME UUID
1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M 7bc6b12f-01
2 1050624 20971519 19920896 9.5G 7bc6b12f-02
3.输入mkswap /dev/sdb 格式化 记住其UUID用于开机自动挂载
[[email protected] ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb1
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 512 MiB (536866816 bytes)
no label, UUID=5678e07d-7e61-4f7e-9163-2fb7e13e88af
4.接下来使用swapon /dev/sda5激活swap看大小
[[email protected] ~]# swapon /dev/sda1
[[email protected] ~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1806 1223 81 13 501 413
Swap: 2559 3 2556
//操作成功增大了512m 注意在激活swap前要先 free -m 一下，前后比较大小
5.更改/etc/fastb配置 添加开机自动挂载：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/fstab
UUID=5678e07d-7e61-4f7e-9163-2fb7e13e88af swap swap defaults 0 0
二、创建一个逻辑卷
思路分析：
2.新建的虚拟盘—>新建分区—>划分物理卷—>添加卷组—>把卷组分配给逻辑卷—把逻辑卷进行xfx格式化---->挂载—>在etc/fastab配置里添加开机自动挂载
3.增加物理卷到卷组----->将卷组多的空间分配给逻辑卷
4.由内到外逐级删除。
2.
新建虚拟盘
新建分区: 与Swap分区新建相同，只需注意分区大小划分。
// 这里 1分区大小 为5G ，2分区大小为4G
//划分物理卷：
[[email protected] ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2
//将分区1、2 划分为sda1 sda2
//将物理卷sda1 添加至卷组
[[email protected] ~]# vgcreate vgdatastore /dev/sda1
//将卷组分配3个G给逻辑卷
[[email protected] ~]# lvcreate -n database -L 3G datastore
Logical volume "database" created.
[[email protected] ~]# lvdisplay //查看逻辑卷信息
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/datastore/database
LV Name database
VG Name datastore
LV UUID evVnEJ-ewiB-nD4Z-mYBG-l7iR-kmhF-37UvpH
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time haha, 2021-07-13 18:45:32 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 3.00 GiB
Current LE 768
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:2
把逻辑卷进行xfx格式化
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/datastore/database
meta-data=/dev/datastore/database isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=196608 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=786432, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
挂载
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /database //创建挂载点目录
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/datastore/database /database //挂载
[[email protected] ~]# df -h // 查看挂载信息
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 889M 0 889M 0% /dev
tmpfs 904M 0 904M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 904M 9.7M 894M 2% /run
tmpfs 904M 0 904M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 15G 12G 4.0G 74% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 495M 159M 337M 33% /boot
tmpfs 181M 16K 181M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 181M 2.3M 179M 2% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/datastore-database 3.0G 54M 3.0G 2% /database
//挂载成功
在etc/fastab配置里添加开机自动挂载 ：
[[email protected] ~]# blkid //查看挂载逻辑卷的UUID
/dev/mapper/datastore-database: UUID="00088c5b-c8de-484a-8b4e-626b4f3d2fa0" TYP="xfs"
[[email protected] database]# vim /etc/fstab //编辑自动挂载配置文件
UUID=00088c5b-c8de-484a-8b4e-626b4f3d2fa0 /database xfs defaults 0 0
[[email protected] database]# umount /datastore/ //取消挂载
[[email protected] database]# mount -a
[[email protected] database]# mount | grep database //查看database挂载情况
/dev/mapper/datastore-database on /database type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr,inode64,noquota) //自动挂载成功
3.增加逻辑卷：
增加空余物理卷到卷组
[[email protected] ~]# vgcreate datastore /dev/sda2 //将sda2物理卷添加到卷组 datastore 来增大卷组
由卷组分配给逻辑卷空间
4.
#umount /database //取消挂载
#lvremove database //删除逻辑卷
#lvremove /dev/datastore/database //删除挂载目录
#vgremove datastore //删除卷组
#pvremove /dev/sda{1,2} /dev/sdb{1,2} //删除物理卷
#fdisk /dev/sda //删除分区
#fdisk /dev/sdb
//删除完成，结束。
。