一个 Spring 应用程序性能监控方案

Actutaor 内部集成了 Micrometer，可以对应用程序进行监控和管理。Actuator 内置了非常多的 endpoint（health、info、beans、metrics、shutdown等），而且允许创建自定义的 endpoint。

Prometheus 通过读 actuator 暴露的 endpoint，将应用的程序的运行参数按照时间序列持久化。

Grafana 读取 prometheus 存户的数据，渲染到 UI 界面，对外展示。

使用方式

加入依赖:

暴露全部 endpoint：

management.endpoints.web.exposure.include= *
           

启动 spring 应用程序

./gradlew bootRun
           

查看 Actutaor 暴露的全部 endpoints。

curl -X GET  http://localhost:8080/actuator | jq
           

{
  "_links": {
    "self": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator",
      "templated": false
    },
    "beans": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/beans",
      "templated": false
    },
    "caches": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/caches",
      "templated": false
    },
    "caches-cache": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/caches/{cache}",
      "templated": true
    },
    "health": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/health",
      "templated": false
    },
    "health-path": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/health/{*path}",
      "templated": true
    },
    "info": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/info",
      "templated": false
    },
    "conditions": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/conditions",
      "templated": false
    },
    "configprops": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/configprops",
      "templated": false
    },
    "env": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/env",
      "templated": false
    },
    "env-toMatch": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/env/{toMatch}",
      "templated": true
    },
    "loggers": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/loggers",
      "templated": false
    },
    "loggers-name": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/loggers/{name}",
      "templated": true
    },
    "heapdump": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/heapdump",
      "templated": false
    },
    "threaddump": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/threaddump",
      "templated": false
    },
    "metrics-requiredMetricName": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/metrics/{requiredMetricName}",
      "templated": true
    },
    "metrics": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/metrics",
      "templated": false
    },
    "scheduledtasks": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/scheduledtasks",
      "templated": false
    },
    "mappings": {
      "href": "http://localhost:8080/actuator/mappings",
      "templated": false
    }
  }
}
           

单独访问某个资源的统计信息：比如：metrics

curl -X GET http://localhost:8080/actuator/metrics | jq
           

{
  "names": [
    "http.server.requests",
    "jvm.buffer.count",
    "jvm.buffer.memory.used",
    "jvm.buffer.total.capacity",
    "jvm.classes.loaded",
    "jvm.classes.unloaded",
    "jvm.gc.live.data.size",
    "jvm.gc.max.data.size",
    "jvm.gc.memory.allocated",
    "jvm.gc.memory.promoted",
    "jvm.gc.pause",
    "jvm.memory.committed",
    "jvm.memory.max",
    "jvm.memory.used",
    "jvm.threads.daemon",
    "jvm.threads.live",
    "jvm.threads.peak",
    "jvm.threads.states",
    "logback.events",
    "process.cpu.usage",
    "process.files.max",
    "process.files.open",
    "process.start.time",
    "process.uptime",
    "system.cpu.count",
    "system.cpu.usage",
    "system.load.average.1m",
    "tomcat.sessions.active.current",
    "tomcat.sessions.active.max",
    "tomcat.sessions.alive.max",
    "tomcat.sessions.created",
    "tomcat.sessions.expired",
    "tomcat.sessions.rejected"
  ]
}
           

查看 cpu 占用大小：

curl -X GET http://localhost:8080/actuator/metrics/system.cpu.usage | jq
           

{
  "name": "system.cpu.usage",
  "description": "The \"recent cpu usage\" for the whole system",
  "baseUnit": null,
  "measurements": [
    {
      "statistic": "VALUE",
      "value": 0
    }
  ],
  "availableTags": []
}
           

Prometheus 读 Actuator 采集的应用程序的运行状况

endpoint 返回的结果是json形式的，promethues 只识别键值对，因此需要将 json 转化问 key-value 形式。

添加依赖：

获取 metrics

curl -X GET http://localhost:8080/actuator/prometheus
           

process_uptime_seconds 704.741
# HELP process_cpu_usage The "recent cpu usage" for the Java Virtual Machine process
# TYPE process_cpu_usage gauge
process_cpu_usage 1.1286338346640017E-4
# HELP jvm_threads_live_threads The current number of live threads including both daemon and non-daemon threads
# TYPE jvm_threads_live_threads gauge
jvm_threads_live_threads 19.0
# HELP system_load_average_1m The sum of the number of runnable entities queued to available processors and the number of runnable entities running on the available processors averaged over a period of time
# TYPE system_load_average_1m gauge
system_load_average_1m 2.62255859375
# HELP system_cpu_count The number of processors available to the Java virtual machine
# TYPE system_cpu_count gauge
system_cpu_count 12.0
           

还可以考虑使用过滤器将 actutator 的查询结果从 json 转化成 key-value，这部分还没调研过。