文章目录
- 20190515类的封装练习
- 1、随机整数生成类
- 第一种思路
- 第二种封装思路
- 第三种思路
- 2、打印坐标
- 3、车辆信息
- 4、实现温度的处理
- 第一种思路
- 第二种思路
- 5、模拟购物车购物
20190515类的封装练习
1、随机整数生成类
可以先设定一批生成数字的个数，可设定指定生成的数值的范围。运行时还可以调整每批生成数字的个数
第一种思路
#第一种封装思路，比较笨重
import random
class PartNum:
def __init__(self,minnum=0,maxnum=1,count=10):
self._maxnum = maxnum
self._minnum = minnum
self._count = count
def setminnum(self,minnum):
self._mininum = minnum
def setcount(self,count):
self._count = count
def getcount(self):
return self._count
#注册minnum属性get，set方法
minnum = property(lambda self:self._minnum,setminnum)
#注册count属性get,set方法
count = property(getcount,setcount)
@property
def maxnum(self):
return self._maxnum
@maxnum.setter
def maxnum(self,maxnum):
self._maxnum = maxnum
def partrandom(self):
"""产生随机数方法"""
mmax = self._maxnum
mmin = self._minnum
return (random.randint(mmin,mmax) for _ in range(self._count))
# return (random.randint(self._minnum,self._maxnum) for _ in range(self._count))
if __name__ == "__main__":
parnum = PartNum()
rom1 = parnum.partrandom()
parnum.count = 20
parnum.maxnum = 30
rom2 = parnum.partrandom()
print([_ for _ in rom1])
print([_ for _ in rom2]) 第二种封装思路
- 生成器实现
#第二种封装思路,生成器实现
import random
class RandomGen:
def __init__(self,start=1,stop=100,count=10):
self.start = start
self.stop = stop
self.count = count
self._gen = self._generate()
def _generate(self):
while True:
yield random.randint(self.start,self.stop)
def generate(self,count=0):
count = count if count else self.count
return [next(self._gen) for i in range(count)]
print(RandomGen().generate()) 第三种思路
- 每一次生成一批数据
# 第三种封装思路，每次生成一批数据
import random
class RandomGen:
def __init__(self,start=1,stop=100,count=10):
self.start = start
self.stop = stop
self._count = count
self._gen = self._generate()
def _generate(self):
while True:
yield [random.randint(self.start,self.stop) for _ in range(self._count)]
def generate(self,count=0):
return next(self._gen)
@property
def count(self):
return self._count
@count.setter
def count(self,count):
self._count = count
rand = RandomGen()
print(rand.generate())
rand.count = 5
print(rand.generate())
rand.stop = 10
rand.count = 20
print(rand.generate()) 2、打印坐标
使用上题中的类，随机生成20个数字，两两配对形成二维坐标系的坐标，把这些坐标组织起来，并打印输出
import random
#定义一个生成器类
class RandomGen:
def __init__(self,start=1,stop=100,count=10):
self.start = start
self.stop = stop
self._count = count
self._gen = self._generate()
def _generate(self):
while True:
yield [random.randint(self.start,self.stop) for _ in range(self._count)]
def generate(self,count=0):
return next(self._gen)
@property
def count(self):
return self._count
@count.setter
def count(self,count):
self._count = count
#定义坐标类
class Point:
def __init__(self,x,y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
def __str__(self):
return "<Point x:{}，y:{}>".format(self.x,self.y)
def __repr__(self):
return "<Point x:{}，y:{}>".format(self.x,self.y)
if __name__ == "__main__":
rand = RandomGen()
rand.count = 10
points = [Point(x,y) for x,y in zip(rand.generate(),rand.generate())]
print(points) 3、车辆信息
from collections import defaultdict
#定义汽车类
class Automobile:
def __init__(self,mark,color,price,speed):
self.mark = mark #品牌
self.color = color #颜色
self.price = price #价格
self.speed = speed #速度
def getmessage(self):
return "品牌：{}\t颜色:{}\t售价：{}万元\t速度：{}km/h".format(self.mark,self.color,self.price,self.speed)
class Platform:
def __init__(self):
self.__goodsdict = defaultdict(lambda : [0,set()])
self.__goodsNum = 0
pass
#注册商品数量属性
goodsNum = property(lambda self:self.__goodsNum)
def add(self,goods:Automobile):
"""添加平台物品"""
self.__goodsNum += 1
self.__goodsdict[goods.mark][0] += 1
self.__goodsdict[goods.mark][1].add(goods)
def showplatform(self):
"""展示平台物品信息"""
print("- "*5,"车辆总数：",self.__goodsNum,"- "*5)
for name,arr in self.__goodsdict.items():
print("{} 总数量：{}".format(name,arr[0]))
for goods in arr[1]:
print("\t{}".format(goods.getmessage()))
if __name__ == "__main__":
#创建管理平台
pla = Platform()
#添加车辆
pla.add(Automobile("上海大众","黑色",5.0,300))
pla.add(Automobile("上海通用","黑色",30.0,400))
pla.add(Automobile("玛莎拉蒂","酒红色",200.0,600))
pla.add(Automobile("玛莎拉蒂","黑色",200.0,600))
pla.add(Automobile("宝马","磨砂黑",200.0,600))
pla.add(Automobile("宝马","白色",200.0,600))
pla.add(Automobile("劳斯莱斯","黑色",500.0,700))
#显示全部车辆
pla.showplatform() 4、实现温度的处理
第一种思路
import math
class Trmperatuer:
_cTof = 1 #摄氏温度转华氏温度
_cTok = 2
_fTok = 3
_fToc = -1
_kToc = -2
_kTof = -3
cTof = _cTof
cTok = _cTok
fTok = _fTok
fToc = _fToc
kToc = _kToc
kTof = _kTof
_modedict = {_cTof,_cTok,_kToc,_kTof,_fToc,_fTok}
_condict={
_cTof:lambda c: 9*c/5 +32,
_cTok:lambda c: c+273.15,
_fToc:lambda f: 5*(f-32)/9,
_fTok:lambda f: 5*(f-32)/9+273.15,
_kToc:lambda k: k-273.15,
_kTof:lambda k: (k-273.15)*9/5 + 32
}
def convert(self,trm:int,mode:int):
if mode in Trmperatuer._modedict:
return round(self._condict[mode](trm),2)
if __name__ is "__main__":
trm = Trmperatuer()
print("0摄氏温度转华氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.cTof))
print("0摄氏温度转开氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.cTok))
print("0华氏温度转摄氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.fToc))
print("0华氏温度转开氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.fTok))
print("0开氏温度转摄氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.kToc))
print("0开氏温度转华氏温度：",trm.convert(0,Trmperatuer.kTof)) 第二种思路
- 假定一般情况下，使用摄氏温度为单位，传入温度值。如果不给定摄氏温度，一定会把温度值转换到摄氏度。
class Temperature:
def __init__(self,t,unit='c'):
self._c = None
self._f = None
self._k = None
#都要先转换到摄氏度，以后反问再计算其他单位的温度值
if unit == 'f':
self._c = self.f2c(t)
elif unit == 'k':
self._c = self.k2c(t)
elif unit == 'c':
self._c = t
@property
def c(self):
return self._c
@property
def f(self):
if self._f is None:
self._f = self.c2f(self._c)
return self._f
@property
def k(self):
if self._k is None:
self._k = self.c2k(self._c)
return self._k
@classmethod
def c2f(cls,c):
return 9 * c / 5 +32
@classmethod
def f2c(cls,f):
return (f - 32) * 5 / 9
@classmethod
def c2k(cls,c):
return c + 273.15
@classmethod
def k2c(cls,k):
return k - 273.15
@classmethod
def f2k(cls,f):
return cls.c2k(cls.f2c(f))
@classmethod
def k2f(cls,k):
return cls.c2f(cls.k2c(k))
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(Temperature.c2f(0))
print(Temperature.c2k(0))
print(Temperature.f2c(0))
print(Temperature.f2k(0))
print(Temperature.k2f(0))
print(Temperature.k2c(0))
temp = Temperature(0,'f')
print(temp.c,temp.f,temp.k) 5、模拟购物车购物
from collections import defaultdict
class Goods:
"""物品类"""
def __init__(self,id,name,price,num,color,goodtypes):
"""
物品初始化
:param id :商品id
:param name: 物品名称
:param price: 物品价格
:param num: 物品数量
:param color: 颜色
:param goodtypes: 类型
"""
self.id = id
self.name = name
self.price = price
self.num = num
self.color = color
self.goodtypes = goodtypes
pass
def show(self,v:int=0):
v = v if v else self.num
return "id:{}\t名称：{:<20}\t单价：{}\t数量：{:<3}\t颜色：{}\t类型：{}".format(self.id,self.name,self.price,v,self.color,self.goodtypes)
class Salse:
"""销售平台"""
def __init__(self):
self.goodsdict = dict()
pass
def addgoods(self,goods:Goods=None):
"""添加商品"""
if not goods:
id = int(input("请输入商品id:"))
name = input("请输入商品名称：")
price = float(input("请输入商品价格："))
num = int(input("请输入商品数量："))
color = input("请输入商品颜色：")
goodtypes = input("请输入商品类型：")
goods = Goods(id,name,price,num,color,goodtypes)
if goods.id in self.goodsdict:
self.goodsdict[goods.id].num += goods.num
else:
self.goodsdict[goods.id] = goods
def sellGoods(self,dt:dict):
"""
销售商品
:param dt: 销售商品集合
:return:
"""
for good in dt:
if good.id in self.goodsdict:
num = self.goodsdict[good.id]-good.num
if num>0:
self.goodsdict[good.id].num = num
else:
self.goodsdict.pop(good.id)
pass
def showGoods(self):
"""查看正在售卖商品"""
for k,good in self.goodsdict.items():
print(good.show())
pass
class ShoppingCat:
"""购物车"""
def __init__(self,salse:Salse):
self.__dict = {} #购物车商品
# self.__sumprice = 0 #总价
# self.__num = 0 #所有商品数量
self.salse = salse
pass
def addGoods(self,goopid,num):
"""购物车中添加商品"""
if num>0 and goopid in self.salse.goodsdict:
#获取商品总量
maxnum = self.salse.goodsdict[goopid].num
sum = self.__dict.get(goopid,0) + num
if maxnum<=sum: sum = maxnum
self.__dict[goopid] = sum
def defGoods(self,goopid,num:int=0):
"""
删除物品
:param goopid: 物品id
:param num: 删除的数量，如果为0表示全部删除
:return:
"""
if goopid in self.__dict:
if num>0:
self.__dict[goopid] -= num
else:
self.__dict.pop(goopid)
return True
else:
return False
def showShopping(self):
"""
查看购物车商品
:return:
"""
sum = 0 #总金额
num = 0 #商品数量
print("购物车信息如下：")
if self.__dict:
for k,v in self.__dict.items():
good:Goods = self.salse.goodsdict[k]
num += v
sum += good.price*v
print(good.show(v))
print("一共{}件商品，共{}元".format(num,sum))
else:
print("购物车为空。。。。。")
def closeShopping(self):
"""
清空购物车
:return:
"""
self.__dict = {} # 购物车商品
self.__sumprice = 0 # 总价
self.__num = 0 # 所有商品数量
return True
def gotoGoods(self):
"""
结账
:return:
"""
sum = 0
num = 0
strshopping = ""
if self.__dict:
for k,v in self.__dict.items():
good:Goods = self.salse.goodsdict[k]
strshopping += good.show(v)+"\n"
if v>=good.num:
num += good.num
sum += good.num*good.price
self.salse.goodsdict.pop(k)
else:
good.num -= v
num += v
sum += v*good.price
print("已经将{}件商品打包，发往XXXXXX。共收款{}元。".format(num,sum))
print("邮寄商品信息如下：\n"+strshopping)
self.closeShopping()
else:
print("没有选购任何商品。。。。")
return True
class Console:
"""控制台"""
def __init__(self,salse:Salse,shopp:ShoppingCat):
self.salse = salse
self.shopp = shopp
pass
def show1(self):
"""启动控制台"""
print("控制台已经启动")
while 1:
print("1.查看商品")
print("2.选择商品加入购物车")
print("3.查看购物车")
print("4.清空购物车")
print("5.添加出售商品")
print("8.结算")
print("9.退出")
userin = input("请输入选项：")
if userin == "1": #查看商品
self.salse.showGoods()
elif userin == "2": #购买商品
self.show2()
elif userin == "3": #查看购物车
self.show3();
elif userin == "4": #清空购物车
if self.shopp.closeShopping():
print("购物车已请空")
elif userin=="5":
self.salse.addgoods()
elif userin == "8":
self.shopp.gotoGoods()
print("- "*50)
elif userin == "9":
break
def show3(self):
while 1:
print("- " * 50)
self.shopp.showShopping()
print("- " * 50)
print("1. 删除商品")
print("2. 返回上一级")
inp = input("请选择：")
if inp == "1":
id = int(input("请输入需要删除的物品id："))
num = int(input("请输入需要删除的物品数量(0表示全部删除):"))
if self.shopp.defGoods(id,num):
print("删除成功")
else:
print("删除失败")
elif inp == "2":
break
def show2(self):
"""展示售卖商品"""
print("- " * 50)
print("**展示商品")
self.salse.showGoods()
print("**操作")
id = int(input("请输入商品id："))
num = int(input("请输入购买数量："))
self.shopp.addGoods(id, num)
if __name__ == "__main__":
#构建销售平台
salse = Salse()
#添加售卖商品
salse.addgoods(Goods(1,"《Python从入门到精通》",50,20,"无","书"))
salse.addgoods(Goods(2, "《Java从入门到精通》", 60, 20, "无", "书"))
salse.addgoods(Goods(3, "《Android从入门到精通》", 40, 20, "无", "书"))
salse.addgoods(Goods(4, "《C#从入门到精通》", 30, 10, "无", "书"))
salse.addgoods(Goods(5, "《高等数学》", 80, 5, "无", "书"))
#创建购物车
shopp = ShoppingCat(salse)
#初始化控制台
con = Console(salse,shopp)
con.show1() ![JAVA中生成随机数Random VS ThreadLocalRandom性能比较[图]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)