Ubuntu 18.04 初体验 环境配置

文章目录

• 1、修改软件源
• 2、更新软件
• 3、安装常用软件
• 3、系统配置
• • • • 配置静态IP地址
      • 配置SSH服务
      • 配置Samba服务
      • 配置Git环境
      • 配置Golang环境

1、修改软件源

更新为阿里云的源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
           

2、更新软件

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
           

3、安装常用软件

sudo apt-get install vim
sudo apt-get install git
sudo apt-get install tree
sudo apt-get install samba
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install g++
sudo apt-get install make

sudo apt-get install golang
           

3、系统配置

配置静态IP地址

ubuntu18.04的静态IP地址配置和之前版本差别很大，使用netplan配置

#打开如下文件，这个是网卡配置文件，YAML格式，类似于JSON
sudo vim /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

#增加如下语句，配置静态IP地址，DNS服务器
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [192.168.0.184/24]
      gateway4: 192.168.0.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [192.168.0.1, 114.114.114.114]

#保存后，执行如下语句，配置生效
sudo netplan apply

#查看一下配置是否生效
ip address
           

配置SSH服务

# 开机自动启动ssh命令
sudo systemctl enable ssh

# 关闭ssh开机自动启动命令
sudo systemctl disable ssh

# 单次开启ssh
sudo systemctl start ssh

# 单次关闭ssh
sudo systemctl stop ssh

# 设置好后重启系统
reboot

#查看ssh是否启动，看到Active: active (running)即表示成功
sudo systemctl status ssh
           

配置Samba服务

#1.安装Samba
sudo apt-get insall samba

#2.创建共享目录
mkdir /home/xingqilui/share
chmod 777 /home/xingqilui/share

#3.修改配置文件，在文件尾增加如下语句
sudo vi /etc/samba/smb.conf
[share]
    path = /home/xingqilui/share
    read only = no
    available = yes
    browsealbe = yes
    public = yes
    writable = yes        
    
#4.创建账户
sudo smbpasswd -a xingqilui

#5.重启samba服务器
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart

#6.开机自启动samba服务
sudo systemctl enable smbd

#7.查看samba服务是否启动，看到Active: active (running)即表示成功
sudo systemctl status smbd
           

配置Git环境

#配置用户名和邮箱，使用github的用户名和邮箱
git config --global user.name "XXXX"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

#配置git自动关联vim编辑器，默认是nano
git config --global core.editor "vim"

#查看配置信息
git config --list

#创建密钥
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[email protected]"

#将密钥添加到github
#将~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub下面的密钥添加到github的settings->SSH and GPG Keys->Now SSH key

#本地创建代码仓库workspace
git init

#在github创建代码仓库workspace

#本地更新
git remote add origin [email protected]:xingqilui/workspace.git

#如果本地分支在github上已经存在，需要合并分支
git pull --allow-unrelated-histories

git pull -u origin master
git push origin master
git log

#至此，git已经正常同步github仓库，可以执行日常git操作了
           

配置Golang环境

#修改GOBIN指向工程路径下的bin路径
vim ~/.profile

#在文件尾部加如下语句
export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export GOBIN=$HOME/go/bin

#查看Golang环境变量
go env