框架可以不会，但是思想基础你必须会
早在13年的时候使用div+css学过基础的前端。后面一直都是在做后端，也伴随着有前端人员可以帮忙解决一些样式问题，但是现在的项目中已经没有前端人员这种配置了，但是后端人员避免不了要写2B的界面，所以还是想把前端基础部分东西再系统深入的学习一遍。所以最近一直在看bootstrap可能写很容易主要是了解其思想，毕竟bootstrap的栅格系统设计至今未被超越
bootstrap初识
1、bootstrap更多的是为了适应移动端，当然也可以一套代码跑三端，这一切都是 CSS 媒体查询（Media Query）的功劳
2、bootstrap采用了CSS 预处理脚本 - Less 和 Sass 开发的。最后还是会将Less编译成css文件，而4.x则采用sass开发
3、bootstrap是依赖Jquery，所以这个学习的成本是不高的。jquery 的特性：
- 链式调用
- 读写二合一
- 隐式迭代
- 编程函数化
以下为bootstrap的目录结构
├── css/
│ ├── bootstrap.css【重要】
│ ├── bootstrap.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap.min.css
│ ├── bootstrap.min.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-theme.css
│ ├── bootstrap-theme.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-theme.min.css
│ └── bootstrap-theme.min.css.map
├── js/
│ ├── bootstrap.js【重要】
│ └── bootstrap.min.js
└── fonts/ 4.x 之前的版本bootstrap还提供免费的字体图标库，但是在4.0之后不再提供，本文后面提供了如何在4.x版本用上字体图标】
├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot
├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg
├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf
├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff
└── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2
1、bootstrap的源码解析分解，固定容器和流体容器
bootstrap在布局时采用：容器>> 行>> 列，谨记以后开发时按照此思路进行
以下源码是4.x版本的，4.x版本使用的是sass编写
2、bootstrap 的栅格系统，3.x 版本提供的四种栅格，3.x 是采用float布局，4.x采用field布局
阈值 width 栅格对应样式 对应的屏幕
1200<=值 1170+槽宽（默认30） lg 如：col-lg-10 大屏pc
992<= 值<=1200 970+槽宽 md 中屏pc
768<= 值<=992 750+槽宽 sm 平板
值<768 auto+槽宽 xs 移动端
正确栅格样式写法应该如下：之前没有系统的看bootstrap只是知道col-lg-2 这个东西却不知道它的原理
注意事项：
- 栅格为12个，每个栅格都有15px槽宽
-
Bootstrap源码解析容器、栅格及字体图标显示问题 - 栅格不能夸屏幕：如class=" col-xs-2 col-lg-2"
- 正确的写法应该是：如class="col-xs-2 col-sm-0 col-md-0 col-lg-2"
-
Bootstrap源码解析容器、栅格及字体图标显示问题
3、boostrap使用
- 一定要熟悉bootstrap官网的全局样式和组件文档，一般都能解决所有需求
- 在开发中千万不要写行内样式，如果你在写行内样式那一定是你bootstrap还不够熟悉（可能只有后端人员才会这么干吧， 我相信大前端人员肯定不会犯如此的错误）
4、bootstrap字体图标显示问题
bootstarp 在4.x之间是可以使用免费字体图标的，但是4.x以后则去掉了字体图标，需要重新下载别的图标
这里自己找了一种方式来调整图标样式，则是将3.x的图标移动到4.x使用，从官网下载3.x和4.x 下载后结果如下
第一步： 将fonts此文件夹拷贝到4.x的目录下，必须跟css同级目录
第二步：在bootstrap.css文件中，增加字体图标代码，从3.x 的版本中拷贝至4.x 文件的最后末端。再使用图标则生效
@font-face {
font-family: 'Glyphicons Halflings';
src: url('../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot');
src: url('../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'), url('../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff') format('woff'), url('../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf') format('truetype'), url('../fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg#glyphicons_halflingsregular') format('svg');
}
.glyphicon {
position: relative;
top: 1px;
display: inline-block;
font-family: 'Glyphicons Halflings';
font-style: normal;
font-weight: normal;
line-height: 1;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}
.glyphicon-asterisk:before {
content: "\002a";
}
.glyphicon-plus:before {
content: "\002b";
}
.glyphicon-euro:before,
.glyphicon-eur:before {
content: "\20ac";
}
.glyphicon-minus:before {
content: "\2212";
}
.glyphicon-cloud:before {
content: "\2601";
}
.glyphicon-envelope:before {
content: "\2709";
}
.glyphicon-pencil:before {
content: "\270f";
}
.glyphicon-glass:before {
content: "\e001";
}
.glyphicon-music:before {
content: "\e002";
}
.glyphicon-search:before {
content: "\e003";
}
.glyphicon-heart:before {
content: "\e005";
}
.glyphicon-star:before {
content: "\e006";
}
.glyphicon-star-empty:before {
content: "\e007";
}
.glyphicon-user:before {
content: "\e008";
}
.glyphicon-film:before {
content: "\e009";
}
.glyphicon-th-large:before {
content: "\e010";
}
.glyphicon-th:before {
content: "\e011";
}
.glyphicon-th-list:before {
content: "\e012";
}
.glyphicon-ok:before {
content: "\e013";
}
.glyphicon-remove:before {
content: "\e014";
}
.glyphicon-zoom-in:before {
content: "\e015";
}
.glyphicon-zoom-out:before {
content: "\e016";
}
.glyphicon-off:before {
content: "\e017";
}
.glyphicon-signal:before {
content: "\e018";
}
.glyphicon-cog:before {
content: "\e019";
}
.glyphicon-trash:before {
content: "\e020";
}
.glyphicon-home:before {
content: "\e021";
}
.glyphicon-file:before {
content: "\e022";
}
.glyphicon-time:before {
content: "\e023";
}
.glyphicon-road:before {
content: "\e024";
}
.glyphicon-download-alt:before {
content: "\e025";
}
.glyphicon-download:before {
content: "\e026";
}
.glyphicon-upload:before {
content: "\e027";
}
.glyphicon-inbox:before {
content: "\e028";
}
.glyphicon-play-circle:before {
content: "\e029";
}
.glyphicon-repeat:before {
content: "\e030";
}
.glyphicon-refresh:before {
content: "\e031";
}
.glyphicon-list-alt:before {
content: "\e032";
}
.glyphicon-lock:before {
content: "\e033";
}
.glyphicon-flag:before {
content: "\e034";
}
.glyphicon-headphones:before {
content: "\e035";
}
.glyphicon-volume-off:before {
content: "\e036";
}
.glyphicon-volume-down:before {
content: "\e037";
}
.glyphicon-volume-up:before {
content: "\e038";
}
.glyphicon-qrcode:before {
content: "\e039";
}
.glyphicon-barcode:before {
content: "\e040";
}
.glyphicon-tag:before {
content: "\e041";
}
.glyphicon-tags:before {
content: "\e042";
}
.glyphicon-book:before {
content: "\e043";
}
.glyphicon-bookmark:before {
content: "\e044";
}
.glyphicon-print:before {
content: "\e045";
}
.glyphicon-camera:before {
content: "\e046";
}
.glyphicon-font:before {
content: "\e047";
}
.glyphicon-bold:before {
content: "\e048";
}
.glyphicon-italic:before {
content: "\e049";
}
.glyphicon-text-height:before {
content: "\e050";
}
.glyphicon-text-width:before {
content: "\e051";
}
.glyphicon-align-left:before {
content: "\e052";
}
.glyphicon-align-center:before {
content: "\e053";
}
.glyphicon-align-right:before {
content: "\e054";
}
.glyphicon-align-justify:before {
content: "\e055";
}
.glyphicon-list:before {
content: "\e056";
}
.glyphicon-indent-left:before {
content: "\e057";
}
.glyphicon-indent-right:before {
content: "\e058";
}
.glyphicon-facetime-video:before {
content: "\e059";
}
.glyphicon-picture:before {
content: "\e060";
}
.glyphicon-map-marker:before {
content: "\e062";
}
.glyphicon-adjust:before {
content: "\e063";
}
.glyphicon-tint:before {
content: "\e064";
}
.glyphicon-edit:before {
content: "\e065";
}
.glyphicon-share:before {
content: "\e066";
}
.glyphicon-check:before {
content: "\e067";
}
.glyphicon-move:before {
content: "\e068";
}
.glyphicon-step-backward:before {
content: "\e069";
}
.glyphicon-fast-backward:before {
content: "\e070";
}
.glyphicon-backward:before {
content: "\e071";
}
.glyphicon-play:before {
content: "\e072";
}
.glyphicon-pause:before {
content: "\e073";
}
.glyphicon-stop:before {
content: "\e074";
}
.glyphicon-forward:before {
content: "\e075";
}
.glyphicon-fast-forward:before {
content: "\e076";
}
.glyphicon-step-forward:before {
content: "\e077";
}
.glyphicon-eject:before {
content: "\e078";
}
.glyphicon-chevron-left:before {
content: "\e079";
}
.glyphicon-chevron-right:before {
content: "\e080";
}
.glyphicon-plus-sign:before {
content: "\e081";
}
.glyphicon-minus-sign:before {
content: "\e082";
}
.glyphicon-remove-sign:before {
content: "\e083";
}
.glyphicon-ok-sign:before {
content: "\e084";
}
.glyphicon-question-sign:before {
content: "\e085";
}
.glyphicon-info-sign:before {
content: "\e086";
}
.glyphicon-screenshot:before {
content: "\e087";
}
.glyphicon-remove-circle:before {
content: "\e088";
}
.glyphicon-ok-circle:before {
content: "\e089";
}
.glyphicon-ban-circle:before {
content: "\e090";
}
.glyphicon-arrow-left:before {
content: "\e091";
}
.glyphicon-arrow-right:before {
content: "\e092";
}
.glyphicon-arrow-up:before {
content: "\e093";
}
.glyphicon-arrow-down:before {
content: "\e094";
}
.glyphicon-share-alt:before {
content: "\e095";
}
.glyphicon-resize-full:before {
content: "\e096";
}
.glyphicon-resize-small:before {
content: "\e097";
}
.glyphicon-exclamation-sign:before {
content: "\e101";
}
.glyphicon-gift:before {
content: "\e102";
}
.glyphicon-leaf:before {
content: "\e103";
}
.glyphicon-fire:before {
content: "\e104";
}
.glyphicon-eye-open:before {
content: "\e105";
}
.glyphicon-eye-close:before {
content: "\e106";
}
.glyphicon-warning-sign:before {
content: "\e107";
}
.glyphicon-plane:before {
content: "\e108";
}
.glyphicon-calendar:before {
content: "\e109";
}
.glyphicon-random:before {
content: "\e110";
}
.glyphicon-comment:before {
content: "\e111";
}
.glyphicon-magnet:before {
content: "\e112";
}
.glyphicon-chevron-up:before {
content: "\e113";
}
.glyphicon-chevron-down:before {
content: "\e114";
}
.glyphicon-retweet:before {
content: "\e115";
}
.glyphicon-shopping-cart:before {
content: "\e116";
}
.glyphicon-folder-close:before {
content: "\e117";
}
.glyphicon-folder-open:before {
content: "\e118";
}
.glyphicon-resize-vertical:before {
content: "\e119";
}
.glyphicon-resize-horizontal:before {
content: "\e120";
}
.glyphicon-hdd:before {
content: "\e121";
}
.glyphicon-bullhorn:before {
content: "\e122";
}
.glyphicon-bell:before {
content: "\e123";
}
.glyphicon-certificate:before {
content: "\e124";
}
.glyphicon-thumbs-up:before {
content: "\e125";
}
.glyphicon-thumbs-down:before {
content: "\e126";
}
.glyphicon-hand-right:before {
content: "\e127";
}
.glyphicon-hand-left:before {
content: "\e128";
}
.glyphicon-hand-up:before {
content: "\e129";
}
.glyphicon-hand-down:before {
content: "\e130";
}
.glyphicon-circle-arrow-right:before {
content: "\e131";
}
.glyphicon-circle-arrow-left:before {
content: "\e132";
}
.glyphicon-circle-arrow-up:before {
content: "\e133";
}
.glyphicon-circle-arrow-down:before {
content: "\e134";
}
.glyphicon-globe:before {
content: "\e135";
}
.glyphicon-wrench:before {
content: "\e136";
}
.glyphicon-tasks:before {
content: "\e137";
}
.glyphicon-filter:before {
content: "\e138";
}
.glyphicon-briefcase:before {
content: "\e139";
}
.glyphicon-fullscreen:before {
content: "\e140";
}
.glyphicon-dashboard:before {
content: "\e141";
}
.glyphicon-paperclip:before {
content: "\e142";
}
.glyphicon-heart-empty:before {
content: "\e143";
}
.glyphicon-link:before {
content: "\e144";
}
.glyphicon-phone:before {
content: "\e145";
}
.glyphicon-pushpin:before {
content: "\e146";
}
.glyphicon-usd:before {
content: "\e148";
}
.glyphicon-gbp:before {
content: "\e149";
}
.glyphicon-sort:before {
content: "\e150";
}
.glyphicon-sort-by-alphabet:before {
content: "\e151";
}
.glyphicon-sort-by-alphabet-alt:before {
content: "\e152";
}
.glyphicon-sort-by-order:before {
content: "\e153";
}
.glyphicon-sort-by-order-alt:before {
content: "\e154";
}
.glyphicon-sort-by-attributes:before {
content: "\e155";
}
.glyphicon-sort-by-attributes-alt:before {
content: "\e156";
}
.glyphicon-unchecked:before {
content: "\e157";
}
.glyphicon-expand:before {
content: "\e158";
}
.glyphicon-collapse-down:before {
content: "\e159";
}
.glyphicon-collapse-up:before {
content: "\e160";
}
.glyphicon-log-in:before {
content: "\e161";
}
.glyphicon-flash:before {
content: "\e162";
}
.glyphicon-log-out:before {
content: "\e163";
}
.glyphicon-new-window:before {
content: "\e164";
}
.glyphicon-record:before {
content: "\e165";
}
.glyphicon-save:before {
content: "\e166";
}
.glyphicon-open:before {
content: "\e167";
}
.glyphicon-saved:before {
content: "\e168";
}
.glyphicon-import:before {
content: "\e169";
}
.glyphicon-export:before {
content: "\e170";
}
.glyphicon-send:before {
content: "\e171";
}
.glyphicon-floppy-disk:before {
content: "\e172";
}
.glyphicon-floppy-saved:before {
content: "\e173";
}
.glyphicon-floppy-remove:before {
content: "\e174";
}
.glyphicon-floppy-save:before {
content: "\e175";
}
.glyphicon-floppy-open:before {
content: "\e176";
}
.glyphicon-credit-card:before {
content: "\e177";
}
.glyphicon-transfer:before {
content: "\e178";
}
.glyphicon-cutlery:before {
content: "\e179";
}
.glyphicon-header:before {
content: "\e180";
}
.glyphicon-compressed:before {
content: "\e181";
}
.glyphicon-earphone:before {
content: "\e182";
}
.glyphicon-phone-alt:before {
content: "\e183";
}
.glyphicon-tower:before {
content: "\e184";
}
.glyphicon-stats:before {
content: "\e185";
}
.glyphicon-sd-video:before {
content: "\e186";
}
.glyphicon-hd-video:before {
content: "\e187";
}
.glyphicon-subtitles:before {
content: "\e188";
}
.glyphicon-sound-stereo:before {
content: "\e189";
}
.glyphicon-sound-dolby:before {
content: "\e190";
}
.glyphicon-sound-5-1:before {
content: "\e191";
}
.glyphicon-sound-6-1:before {
content: "\e192";
}
.glyphicon-sound-7-1:before {
content: "\e193";
}
.glyphicon-copyright-mark:before {
content: "\e194";
}
.glyphicon-registration-mark:before {
content: "\e195";
}
.glyphicon-cloud-download:before {
content: "\e197";
}
.glyphicon-cloud-upload:before {
content: "\e198";
}
.glyphicon-tree-conifer:before {
content: "\e199";
}
.glyphicon-tree-deciduous:before {
content: "\e200";
}
.glyphicon-cd:before {
content: "\e201";
}
.glyphicon-save-file:before {
content: "\e202";
}
.glyphicon-open-file:before {
content: "\e203";
}
.glyphicon-level-up:before {
content: "\e204";
}
.glyphicon-copy:before {
content: "\e205";
}
.glyphicon-paste:before {
content: "\e206";
}
.glyphicon-alert:before {
content: "\e209";
}
.glyphicon-equalizer:before {
content: "\e210";
}
.glyphicon-king:before {
content: "\e211";
}
.glyphicon-queen:before {
content: "\e212";
}
.glyphicon-pawn:before {
content: "\e213";
}
.glyphicon-bishop:before {
content: "\e214";
}
.glyphicon-knight:before {
content: "\e215";
}
.glyphicon-baby-formula:before {
content: "\e216";
}
.glyphicon-tent:before {
content: "\26fa";
}
.glyphicon-blackboard:before {
content: "\e218";
}
.glyphicon-bed:before {
content: "\e219";
}
.glyphicon-apple:before {
content: "\f8ff";
}
.glyphicon-erase:before {
content: "\e221";
}
.glyphicon-hourglass:before {
content: "\231b";
}
.glyphicon-lamp:before {
content: "\e223";
}
.glyphicon-duplicate:before {
content: "\e224";
}
.glyphicon-piggy-bank:before {
content: "\e225";
}
.glyphicon-scissors:before {
content: "\e226";
}
.glyphicon-bitcoin:before {
content: "\e227";
}
.glyphicon-btc:before {
content: "\e227";
}
.glyphicon-xbt:before {
content: "\e227";
}
.glyphicon-yen:before {
content: "\00a5";
}
.glyphicon-jpy:before {
content: "\00a5";
}
.glyphicon-ruble:before {
content: "\20bd";
}
.glyphicon-rub:before {
content: "\20bd";
}
.glyphicon-scale:before {
content: "\e230";
}
.glyphicon-ice-lolly:before {
content: "\e231";
}
.glyphicon-ice-lolly-tasted:before {
content: "\e232";
}
.glyphicon-education:before {
content: "\e233";
}
.glyphicon-option-horizontal:before {
content: "\e234";
}
.glyphicon-option-vertical:before {
content: "\e235";
}
.glyphicon-menu-hamburger:before {
content: "\e236";
}
.glyphicon-modal-window:before {
content: "\e237";
}
.glyphicon-oil:before {
content: "\e238";
}
.glyphicon-grain:before {
content: "\e239";
}
.glyphicon-sunglasses:before {
content: "\e240";
}
.glyphicon-text-size:before {
content: "\e241";
}
.glyphicon-text-color:before {
content: "\e242";
}
.glyphicon-text-background:before {
content: "\e243";
}
.glyphicon-object-align-top:before {
content: "\e244";
}
.glyphicon-object-align-bottom:before {
content: "\e245";
}
.glyphicon-object-align-horizontal:before {
content: "\e246";
}
.glyphicon-object-align-left:before {
content: "\e247";
}
.glyphicon-object-align-vertical:before {
content: "\e248";
}
.glyphicon-object-align-right:before {
content: "\e249";
}
.glyphicon-triangle-right:before {
content: "\e250";
}
.glyphicon-triangle-left:before {
content: "\e251";
}
.glyphicon-triangle-bottom:before {
content: "\e252";
}
.glyphicon-triangle-top:before {
content: "\e253";
}
.glyphicon-console:before {
content: "\e254";
}
.glyphicon-superscript:before {
content: "\e255";
}
.glyphicon-subscript:before {
content: "\e256";
}
.glyphicon-menu-left:before {
content: "\e257";
}
.glyphicon-menu-right:before {
content: "\e258";
}
.glyphicon-menu-down:before {
content: "\e259";
}
.glyphicon-menu-up:before {
content: "\e260";
}