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python爬虫———多线程threading模块爬取抖音用户信息

爬虫背景:

由于原来的数据库中有1.5亿左右的用户id,但是其中有1.2亿的用户资料是不完整的(没有粉丝数量,点赞数量等,算是无用数据),现在老板要求将这些没有资料的用户更新信息,咋办?

刚开始的想法是使用主从模式+scrapy爬取,但是写着写着觉得麻烦(写python的都很懒,scrapy还是比较臃肿的),然后突然想到,python中的多线程,处理爬虫这种存在大量io的操作时,多线程是非常有用的,而且省服务器资源(其他的爬虫也在服务器,能省一点是一点,毕竟是自己用的,太卡的话上班都不爽),开始干!

不怕笑话,就2个函数。。。。

我觉得代码不重要,重要的是处理的方式,以及多多利用多线程的这种方法,各种原因不想搭scrapy的时候,只需要几行代码,就能将爬虫速度提升n倍,岂不美哉?

一.

说一下我的爬虫思路(架构?),不存在花里胡哨的操作与各种专业名词,只讲究实用

1.我的整个爬虫所用到的有django1.8.2 + requests + redis + pgsql 由于这里django的作用很小(代码中有讲),就不讲了

2.django操作pg存数据,redis作为队列

3.由于使用了redis作为队列,所以不存在多线程中的锁(Lock)的隐患,队列本身就是安全的,锁来锁去什么的不用管

4.我的这个模式,自认为还是比较好用的,简单快捷,剩下的会在下面代码中注释说明,只copy了部分代码块

二.

说一下我这个里面的多线程的注意事项吧:

1.将爬虫用while True包裹起来,目的是为了保持线程的存活,至于单个线程的退出条件,可以用for,while之类的条件来限制

2.函数中不要用return,不要用return,不要用return,重要的事情说三遍

@staticmethod
    def get_user_info_from_app_new(**kwargs):
        while True:
            user_id = redis_client.rpop(REDIS_DOUYIN_NULL_INFO_USER)  # 从redis中取一个user_id
            retry_list = []
            for retry in range(150):  # 额,由于设备号不足的原因,导致一个user_id的请求最多重复请求150次,只要其中任意一次成功,就ok
                url_as, url_cp, iid, device_id, openudid = DouyinCrawler.get_params_for_app(**kwargs)
                device_info = redis_client.srandmember(REDIS_DOUYIN_SET_DEVICE_TYPE_BRAND)  # str 每一次请求都是随机不同的设备型号
                device = device_info.split(';')
                d_type = device[0]
                d_brand = device[1]
                # print 'device_type', d_type
                # print 'device_brand', d_brand
                url = 'https://aweme-eagle.snssdk.com/aweme/v1/user/?user_id={}&retry_type=no_retry&iid={}&device_id={}&ac=wifi&channel=xiaomi&aid=1128&app_name=aweme&version_code=179&version_name=1.6.8&device_platform=android&ssmix=a&device_type={}&device_brand={}&language=zh&os_api=22&os_version=5.1.1&openudid={}&manifest_version_code=179&resolution=720*1280&dpi=240&update_version_code=1792&_rticket={}&ts={}&as={}&cp={}'.format(
                    user_id, iid, device_id, d_type, d_brand, openudid, int(time.time() * 1000), int(time.time()), url_as,
                    url_cp)
                req = requests.get(url, headers=app_headers)
                try:
                    jdata = json.loads(req.content)
                except ValueError as e:
                    logging.info('retry for no json data decode, {}, {}'.format(user_id, req.content))
                    continue
                if jdata['status_code'] != 0 or not jdata.get('user'):
                    logging.error('get user info from app error, {}, {}, times:{}'.format(user_id, jdata, retry))
                    retry_list.append(retry)
                    # return None
                else:
                    try:
                        douyin_id = user_id
                        user = jdata.get('user')
                        city = user.get('city')
                        if user.get('cover_url') is None and user.get("nickname", u'已重置') == u"已重置":
                            logging.info('user has been limited, {}, {}'.format(user_id, jdata))
                        locations = user.get('location')
                        activity_digg_count = user['activity']['digg_count']
                        use_music_count = user['activity']['use_music_count']
                        apple_account = user['apple_account']
                        head_url = user['avatar_larger']['url_list'][0]
                        gender = user.get('gender')
                        bind_phone = user['bind_phone']
                        birthday = user['birthday']
                        country = user['country']
                        province = user['province']
                        constellation_id = user['constellation']
                        verify_info = user['custom_verify']
                        dongtai_count = user['dongtai_count']
                        like_num = user['favoriting_count']
                        follower_quantity = user['follower_count']
                        followed_quantity = user['following_count']
                        ins_id = user['ins_id']
                        mplatform_followers_count = user['mplatform_followers_count']
                        name = user['nickname']
                        room_id = user['room_id']
                        musician_digg_count = user.get('original_musician', {}).get('digg_count')
                        musician_music_count = user.get('original_musician', {}).get('music_count')
                        musician_music_used_count = user.get('original_musician', {}).get('music_used_count')
                        share_qrcode_uri = user['share_qrcode_uri']
                        short_id = user['short_id']
                        signature = user['signature']
                        total_digg_count = user['total_favorited']
                        uid = user['uid']
                        unique_id = user['unique_id']
                        weibo_name = user.get('weibo_name')
                        weibo_url = user.get('weibo_url')
                        feed_num = user.get('aweme_count')

                        with_fusion_shop_entry = user.get('with_fusion_shop_entry')
                        with_item_commerce_entry = user.get('with_commerce_entry')
                        verification_type = user.get('verification_type')
                        custom_verify = user.get('custom_verify')
                        enterprise_verify_reason = user.get('enterprise_verify_reason')

                        payloads = {
                            'user': user,
                            'city': city,
                            'locations': locations,
                            'activity_digg_count': activity_digg_count,
                            'use_music_count': use_music_count,
                            'apple_account': apple_account,
                            'head_url': head_url,
                            'gender': gender,
                            'bind_phone': bind_phone,
                            'birthday': birthday,
                            'country': country,
                            'province': province,
                            'constellation_id': constellation_id,
                            'verify_info': verify_info,
                            'dongtai_count': dongtai_count,
                            'like_num': like_num,
                            'follower_quantity': follower_quantity,
                            'followed_quantity': followed_quantity,
                            'ins_id': ins_id,
                            'mplatform_followers_count': mplatform_followers_count,
                            'name': name,
                            'room_id': room_id,
                            'musician_digg_count': musician_digg_count,
                            'musician_music_count': musician_music_count,
                            'musician_music_used_count': musician_music_used_count,
                            'share_qrcode_uri': share_qrcode_uri,
                            'short_id': short_id,
                            'signature': signature,
                            'total_digg_count': total_digg_count,
                            'uid': uid,
                            'unique_id': unique_id,
                            'weibo_name': weibo_name,
                            'weibo_url': weibo_url,
                            'feed_num': feed_num,
                            'with_fusion_shop_entry': with_fusion_shop_entry,
                            'with_item_commerce_entry': with_item_commerce_entry,
                            'verification_type': verification_type,
                            'custom_verify': custom_verify,
                            'enterprise_verify_reason': enterprise_verify_reason,
                        }
                        try:
                            # django中有很好用的方法,创建或更新资料,都不用管去重的问题
                            dd_user, is_create = DouyinUser.objects.update_or_create(douyin_id=user_id, defaults={
                                'name': payloads['name'],
                                'verify_info': payloads['verify_info'],
                                'signature': payloads['signature'],
                                'follower_quantity': payloads['follower_quantity'],
                                'followed_quantity': payloads['followed_quantity'],
                                'total_digg_count': payloads['total_digg_count'],
                                'feed_num': payloads['feed_num'],
                                'like_num': payloads['like_num']
                            })
                            print dd_user, 'UPDATE USER INFO SUCCESS'
                            # return payloads  # 注释了 最好不要有return这个东西
                        except:
                            continue
                    except:
                        # 加入到抓取失败的队列
                        # redis_client.lpush(REDIS_DOUYIN_USER_GET_FAILED_LIST, user_id)
                        continue
           

主函数

def get_new(self):
        for i in range(10):  # 创建线程池,大小10,想要多少就多少,电脑性能决定
            tt = Thread(target=DouyinCrawler.get_user_info_from_app_new)  #  个人不建议在这里传参
            tt.start()  # 不加锁,不回收,直接start
           

是的,多加2行就搞定了,速度提升10倍!

最后:

注意!!!!!!!

windows上,把主函数放在main函数里面调用