朋友的数据库坏了，非归档模式，没有备份，要我帮忙修复一下。
环境：
windows 2003
oracle 9.2.0.1
noarchivelog
故障行为：
数据库运行时，直接拔电导致无法启动。
我把他发来的数据库文件在本地建了个库，然后启动，检查故障信息。
C:/>sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Feb 14 13:49:00 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL> connect sys/manager as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> startup pfile='d:/oracle92/ora92/database/inittest.ora'
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup pfile='d:/oracle92/ora92/database/inittest.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 93395628 bytes
Fixed Size 453292 bytes
Variable Size 75497472 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
SQL>
查看alert log：
Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads
Tue Feb 14 13:50:53 2006
Started recovery at
Thread 1: logseq 368, block 1462, scn 0.0
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 368 Reading mem 0
Mem# 0 errs 0: D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/REDO01.LOG
***
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0080000e (file 2, block 14)
Fractured block found during media/instance recovery
Data in bad block -
type: 2 format: 2 rdba: 0x0080000e
last change scn: 0x0000.0646b03b seq: 0x3 flg: 0x04
consistency value in tail: 0xec0b0203
check value in block header: 0x2790, computed block checksum: 0x7ca0
spare1: 0x0, spare2: 0x0, spare3: 0x0
***
Reread of rdba: 0x0080000e (file 2, block 14) found same corrupted data
***
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0080078e (file 2, block 1934)
Fractured block found during media/instance recovery
Data in bad block -
type: 2 format: 2 rdba: 0x0080078e
last change scn: 0x0000.064a39c9 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
consistency value in tail: 0xac2e0201
check value in block header: 0x23b8, computed block checksum: 0xf3e9
spare1: 0x0, spare2: 0x0, spare3: 0x0
***
Reread of rdba: 0x0080078e (file 2, block 1934) found same corrupted data
***
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x008005ee (file 2, block 1518)
Fractured block found during media/instance recovery
Data in bad block -
type: 2 format: 2 rdba: 0x008005ee
last change scn: 0x0000.064a43e1 seq: 0x3 flg: 0x04
consistency value in tail: 0x49c30201
check value in block header: 0x96f7, computed block checksum: 0x1bab
spare1: 0x0, spare2: 0x0, spare3: 0x0
***
Reread of rdba: 0x008005ee (file 2, block 1518) found same corrupted data
***
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0080056e (file 2, block 1390)
Fractured block found during media/instance recovery
Data in bad block -
type: 2 format: 2 rdba: 0x0080056e
last change scn: 0x0000.064a3e68 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
consistency value in tail: 0x4c190203
check value in block header: 0x4470, computed block checksum: 0x6a36
spare1: 0x0, spare2: 0x0, spare3: 0x0
***
Reread of rdba: 0x0080056e (file 2, block 1390) found same corrupted data
***
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0080066e (file 2, block 1646)
Fractured block found during media/instance recovery
Data in bad block -
type: 2 format: 2 rdba: 0x0080066e
last change scn: 0x0000.064a4549 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
consistency value in tail: 0x4c2b0201
check value in block header: 0x8a18, computed block checksum: 0x195d
spare1: 0x0, spare2: 0x0, spare3: 0x0
***
Reread of rdba: 0x0080066e (file 2, block 1646) found same corrupted data
***
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0080047e (file 2, block 1150)
Fractured block found during media/instance recovery
Data in bad block -
type: 2 format: 2 rdba: 0x0080047e
last change scn: 0x0000.064a58ff seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
consistency value in tail: 0x90e50201
check value in block header: 0xd69c, computed block checksum: 0x4bbd
spare1: 0x0, spare2: 0x0, spare3: 0x0
***
Reread of rdba: 0x0080047e (file 2, block 1150) found same corrupted data
***
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x008003fe (file 2, block 1022)
Fractured block found during media/instance recovery
Data in bad block -
type: 2 format: 2 rdba: 0x008003fe
last change scn: 0x0000.064a56b3 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
consistency value in tail: 0x8ff30203
check value in block header: 0x9d2b, computed block checksum: 0x7280
spare1: 0x0, spare2: 0x0, spare3: 0x0
***
Reread of rdba: 0x008003fe (file 2, block 1022) found same corrupted data
***
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x0080027e (file 2, block 638)
Fractured block found during media/instance recovery
Data in bad block -
type: 2 format: 2 rdba: 0x0080027e
last change scn: 0x0000.064a5231 seq: 0x3 flg: 0x04
consistency value in tail: 0x90f90201
check value in block header: 0x2282, computed block checksum: 0x7a6c
spare1: 0x0, spare2: 0x0, spare3: 0x0
***
Reread of rdba: 0x0080027e (file 2, block 638) found same corrupted data
Tue Feb 14 13:50:57 2006
Ended recovery at
Thread 1: logseq 368, block 55848, scn 0.105557616
817 data blocks read, 122 data blocks written, 54386 redo blocks read
Crash recovery completed successfully
Tue Feb 14 13:50:58 2006
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 369
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 369
Current log# 2 seq# 369 mem# 0: D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/REDO02.LOG
Successful open of redo thread 1.
Tue Feb 14 13:50:59 2006
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Tue Feb 14 13:51:00 2006
Errors in file d:/oracle92/admin/test/udump/db01gen_ora_1888.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2662], [0], [105557623], [0], [105590063], [8388633], [], []
Tue Feb 14 13:51:01 2006
Errors in file d:/oracle92/admin/test/udump/db01gen_ora_1888.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2662], [0], [105557623], [0], [105590063], [8388633], [], []
Tue Feb 14 13:51:01 2006
Error 600 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER: terminating instance due to error 600
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 1888
ORA-1092 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...
Tue Feb 14 13:56:02 2006
USER: terminating instance due to error 1092
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 1888
可知是文件2发生错误，进而导致600错误。
因此，先查看文件2的名字，如下：
SQL> connect sys/manager as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup mount pfile='d:/oracle92/ora92/database/inittest.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 93395628 bytes
Fixed Size 453292 bytes
Variable Size 75497472 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;
FILE# STATUS
---------- -------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/SYSTEM01.DBF
2 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/UNDOTBS01.DBF
3 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/CWMLITE01.DBF
FILE# STATUS
---------- -------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/DRSYS01.DBF
5 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/EXAMPLE01.DBF
6 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/INDX01.DBF
FILE# STATUS
---------- -------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/ODM01.DBF
8 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/TOOLS01.DBF
9 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/USERS01.DBF
FILE# STATUS
---------- -------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/XDB01.DBF
11 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/PMS.ORA
12 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE92/ORADATA/TEST/FYBX.ORA
12 rows selected.
可以看到，损坏的文件2是undotbs01.dbf,
查看资料，undotbs损坏或丢失时可以采用隐含参数临时启动数据库，然后进行修复。
修改init文件,加入
*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
（注：允许在数据库文件SCN不一致的情况下启动数据库）
*._corrupted_rollback_segments=(_SYSSMU1$,_SYSSMU2$,_SYSSMU3$,_SYSSMU4$,_SYSSMU5$,_SYSSMU6$,_SYSSMU7$,_SYSSMU8$,_SYSSMU9$,_SYSSMU10$)
（注：允许在rollback segments损坏的情况下启动数据库）
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup pfile='d:/oracle92/ora92/database/inittest.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 93395628 bytes
Fixed Size 453292 bytes
Variable Size 75497472 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
启动成功，查看下当前的rollback segments
SQL> select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;
SEGMENT_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ----------------
SYSTEM ONLINE
_SYSSMU1$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU2$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU3$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU4$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU5$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU6$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU7$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU8$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU9$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU10$ NEEDS RECOVERY
SEGMENT_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ----------------
_SYSSMU11$ ONLINE
12 rows selected.
新建一重做表空间undo
SQL> create undo tablespace undo datafile 'D:/oracle92/oradata/test/undo01.dbf' size 50M reuse autoe
xtend on;
Tablespace created.
SQL> select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;
SEGMENT_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ----------------
SYSTEM ONLINE
_SYSSMU1$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU2$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU3$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU4$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU5$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU6$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU7$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU8$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU9$ NEEDS RECOVERY
_SYSSMU10$ NEEDS RECOVERY
SEGMENT_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ----------------
_SYSSMU11$ ONLINE
_SYSSMU12$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU13$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU14$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU15$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU16$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU17$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU18$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU19$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU20$ OFFLINE
_SYSSMU21$ OFFLINE
22 rows selected.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
修改init文件
*.undo_tablespace=undo
SQL> startup pfile='d:/oracle92/ora92/database/inittest.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 93395628 bytes
Fixed Size 453292 bytes
Variable Size 75497472 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
删除损坏的undotbs1表空间：
SQL> alter tablespace undotbs1 offline normal;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> drop tablespace UNDOTBS1 including contents and datafiles;
Tablespace dropped.
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
no rows selected
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
修改init文件,注释参数
#*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
#*._corrupted_rollback_segments=(_SYSSMU1$,_SYSSMU2$,_SYSSMU3$,_SYSSMU4$,_SYSSMU5$,_SYSSMU6$,_SYSSMU7$,_SYSSMU8$,_SYSSMU9$,_SYSSMU10$)
SQL> startup pfile='d:/oracle92/ora92/database/inittest.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 93395628 bytes
Fixed Size 453292 bytes
Variable Size 75497472 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
至此数据库已经成功修复。
**********************************************************************************
需要提醒的是，在删除损坏的重做表空间时，一定要先offline，
否则注释掉隐含参数后就会出现下面的情况。
SQL> startup pfile='d:/oracle92/ora92/database/inittest.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 93395628 bytes
Fixed Size 453292 bytes
Variable Size 75497472 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
查看alert log，本例中会发现下面的信息，oracle标记刚才删除的
重做表空间需要恢复，这时就无法去掉隐含参数了。
......
drop tablespace UNDOTBS1 including contents and datafiles
SMON: about to recover undo segment 6
SMON: mark undo segment 6 as needs recovery
SMON: about to recover undo segment 6
SMON: mark undo segment 6 as needs recovery
SMON: about to recover undo segment 6
SMON: mark undo segment 6 as needs recovery
......
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