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2023-03-14:读取摄像头,并且显示视频。代码用go语言编写。答案

作者:福大大架构师每日一题

2023-03-14:读取摄像头,并且显示视频。代码用go语言编写。

答案2023-03-14:

大体流程如下:

导入所需的库和包。

初始化 ffmpeg 和 SDL2 库。

打开摄像头并创建 AVFormatContext 结构体。

查找视频流,并且打开视频解码器。

创建 SDL 窗口,用于显示视频。

创建 AVFrame 结构体,用于存储解码后的视频帧数据。

创建 AVPacket 结构体,用于存储编码后的视频数据。

创建 SwsContext 结构体,用于转换视频帧格式。

不断从视频流读取 AVPacket,直到读完所有帧。

解码 AVPacket 中的视频数据,将其存储在 AVFrame 中。

将 AVFrame 中的数据转换为适合 SDL 窗口显示的格式。

显示转换后的图像帧。

释放所有资源,包括关闭 SDL 窗口、释放 AVFrame 和 AVPacket、删除 SwsContext 结构体、关闭解码器、关闭视频流、关闭摄像头。

需要注意的是,在实际使用中可能会遇到各种问题,例如视频格式不支持、分辨率不匹配等。因此,我们需要根据具体情况来进行相应的调整和处理,以确保程序能够正常运行。

这段代码调用了以下结构体:

AVFormatContext:表示 FFmpeg 格式上下文,包含视频文件的信息和元数据。

AVCodecContext:表示视频编解码器上下文,用于配置和控制编解码器。

AVPacket:表示一个压缩的音频或视频数据包,包含了一帧或多帧音频或视频数据。

AVFrame:表示一个解码后的视频帧,存储原始像素数据以及相关的元数据。

SwsContext:表示视频帧转换器上下文,用于将解码后的视频帧从一种格式转换为另一种格式。

SDL_Window:表示 SDL 窗口,用于显示视频图像。

SDL_Renderer:表示 SDL 渲染器,用于将视频帧渲染到 SDL 窗口中。

这些结构体是实现视频播放所必需的重要组件。它们之间的交互、设置和使用都可以影响视频播放的效果和性能,因此需要仔细地处理和配置。同时,在释放资源时,需要确保所有相关的结构体被正确销毁,以避免内存泄漏和其他问题。

代码见github.com/moonfdd/ffmpeg-go-examples。

执行命令:

go run ./examples/leixiaohua1020/simplest_ffmpeg_readcamera/main.go           

代码参考了[雷霄骅的本地摄像头数据的获取解码和显示](https://github.com/leixiaohua1020/simplest_ffmpeg_device/blob/master/simplest_ffmpeg_readcamera/simplest_ffmpeg_readcamera.cpp),代码用golang编写。代码如下:

// https://github.com/leixiaohua1020/simplest_ffmpeg_device/blob/master/simplest_ffmpeg_readcamera/simplest_ffmpeg_readcamera.cpp
package main


import (
  "fmt"
  "os"
  "time"
  "unsafe"


  "github.com/moonfdd/ffmpeg-go/ffcommon"
  "github.com/moonfdd/ffmpeg-go/libavcodec"
  "github.com/moonfdd/ffmpeg-go/libavdevice"
  "github.com/moonfdd/ffmpeg-go/libavformat"
  "github.com/moonfdd/ffmpeg-go/libavutil"
  "github.com/moonfdd/ffmpeg-go/libswscale"
  sdl "github.com/moonfdd/sdl2-go/sdl2"
  "github.com/moonfdd/sdl2-go/sdlcommon"
)


// Output YUV420P
const OUTPUT_YUV420P = 0


// '1' Use Dshow
// '0' Use GDIgrab
const USE_DSHOW = 0


// Refresh Event
const SFM_REFRESH_EVENT = (sdl.SDL_USEREVENT + 1)
const SFM_BREAK_EVENT = (sdl.SDL_USEREVENT + 2)


var thread_exit ffcommon.FInt = 0
var ispush = true


func sfp_refresh_thread(opaque ffcommon.FVoidP) uintptr {
  // thread_exit = 0
  for thread_exit == 0 {
    var event sdl.SDL_Event
    event.Type = SFM_REFRESH_EVENT
    if ispush {
      event.SDL_PushEvent()
      ispush = false
    }
    sdl.SDL_Delay(40)
  }
  fmt.Println("sfp_refresh_thread 发送退出事件")
  // thread_exit = 0
  //Break
  var event sdl.SDL_Event
  event.Type = SFM_BREAK_EVENT
  event.SDL_PushEvent()


  return 0
}


// Show Dshow Device
func show_dshow_device() {
  pFormatCtx := libavformat.AvformatAllocContext()
  var options *libavutil.AVDictionary
  libavutil.AvDictSet(&options, "list_devices", "true", 0)
  iformat := libavformat.AvFindInputFormat("dshow")
  fmt.Printf("========Device Info=============\n")
  libavformat.AvformatOpenInput(&pFormatCtx, "video=dummy", iformat, &options)
  fmt.Printf("================================\n")
}


// Show AVFoundation Device
func show_avfoundation_device() {
  pFormatCtx := libavformat.AvformatAllocContext()
  var options *libavutil.AVDictionary
  libavutil.AvDictSet(&options, "list_devices", "true", 0)
  iformat := libavformat.AvFindInputFormat("avfoundation")
  fmt.Printf("==AVFoundation Device Info===\n")
  libavformat.AvformatOpenInput(&pFormatCtx, "", iformat, &options)
  fmt.Printf("=============================\n")
}


func main0() (ret ffcommon.FInt) {
  var pFormatCtx *libavformat.AVFormatContext
  var i, videoindex ffcommon.FInt
  var pCodecCtx *libavcodec.AVCodecContext
  var pCodec *libavcodec.AVCodec
  var ifmt *libavformat.AVInputFormat


  libavformat.AvRegisterAll()
  libavformat.AvformatNetworkInit()
  pFormatCtx = libavformat.AvformatAllocContext()


  //Open File
  //char filepath[]="src01_480x272_22.h265";
  //avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx,filepath,NULL,NULL)


  //Register Device
  libavdevice.AvdeviceRegisterAll()
  /////////////解码器部分//////////////////////
  //打开摄像头
  ifmt = libavformat.AvFindInputFormat("dshow")
  var options *libavutil.AVDictionary
  // libavutil.AvDictSet(&options, "probesize", "100000000", 0)
  // libavutil.AvDictSet(&options, "rtbufsize", "100000000", 0)
  if libavformat.AvformatOpenInput(&pFormatCtx, "video=Full HD webcam", ifmt, &options) < 0 {
    fmt.Printf("Cannot open camera.\n")
    return
  }


  if pFormatCtx.AvformatFindStreamInfo(nil) < 0 {
    fmt.Println("Couldn't find stream information.")
    return -1
  }
  videoindex = -1
  for i = 0; i < int32(pFormatCtx.NbStreams); i++ {
    if pFormatCtx.GetStream(uint32(i)).Codec.CodecType == libavutil.AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO {
      videoindex = i
      break
    }
  }
  if videoindex == -1 {
    fmt.Printf("Didn't find a video stream.\n")
    return -1
  }
  pCodecCtxPara := pFormatCtx.GetStream(uint32(videoindex)).Codecpar
  pCodec = libavcodec.AvcodecFindDecoder(pCodecCtxPara.CodecId)
  if pCodec == nil {
    fmt.Printf("Codec not found.\n")
    return -1
  }


  pCodecCtx = pCodec.AvcodecAllocContext3()
  if pCodecCtx == nil {
    fmt.Printf("Cannot alloc valid decode codec context.\n")
    return
  }


  if pCodecCtx.AvcodecParametersToContext(pCodecCtxPara) < 0 {
    fmt.Printf("Cannot initialize parameters.\n")
    return
  }


  if pCodecCtx.AvcodecOpen2(pCodec, nil) < 0 {
    fmt.Printf("Could not open codec.\n")
    return -1
  }


  var pFrame, pFrameYUV *libavutil.AVFrame
  pFrame = libavutil.AvFrameAlloc()
  pFrameYUV = libavutil.AvFrameAlloc()
  //unsigned char *out_buffer=(unsigned char *)av_malloc(avpicture_get_size(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height));
  //avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrameYUV, out_buffer, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
  out_buffer := (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(libavutil.AvMalloc(uint64(libavcodec.AvpictureGetSize(int32(libavutil.AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P), pCodecCtx.Width, pCodecCtx.Height)))))
  ((*libavcodec.AVPicture)(unsafe.Pointer(pFrameYUV))).AvpictureFill(out_buffer, libavutil.AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx.Width, pCodecCtx.Height)
  //SDL----------------------------
  // if sdl.SDL_Init(sdl.SDL_INIT_VIDEO|sdl.SDL_INIT_AUDIO|sdl.SDL_INIT_TIMER) != 0 {
  if sdl.SDL_Init(sdl.SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0 {
    fmt.Printf("Could not initialize SDL - %s\n", sdl.SDL_GetError())
    return -1
  }
  var screen_w, screen_h ffcommon.FInt = 640, 360
  // var mode *sdl.SDL_DisplayMode = new(sdl.SDL_DisplayMode)
  // if sdl.SDL_GetCurrentDisplayMode(0, mode) != 0 {
  //   fmt.Printf("SDL: could not get current display mode - exiting:%s\n", sdl.SDL_GetError())
  //   return -1
  // }
  //Half of the Desktop's width and height.
  screen_w = pCodecCtx.Width
  screen_h = pCodecCtx.Height
  window := sdl.SDL_CreateWindow("Simplest FFmpeg Read Camera", sdl.SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, sdl.SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, screen_w, screen_h, 0)
  if window == nil {
    fmt.Printf("SDL: could not create window - exiting:%s\n", sdl.SDL_GetError())
    return -1
  }
  window.SDL_ShowWindow()
  time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
  defer window.SDL_DestroyWindow()
  renderer := window.SDL_CreateRenderer(-1, 0)
  if renderer == nil {
    fmt.Printf("SDL: could not create renderer - exiting:%s\n", sdl.SDL_GetError())
    return -1
  }
  defer renderer.SDL_DestroyRenderer()


  texture := renderer.SDL_CreateTexture(sdl.SDL_PIXELFORMAT_YV12,
    sdl.SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_STREAMING,
    pCodecCtx.Width,
    pCodecCtx.Height)
  defer texture.SDL_DestroyTexture()


  var rect sdl.SDL_Rect
  rect.X = 0
  rect.Y = 0
  rect.W = screen_w
  rect.H = screen_h
  var rect2 sdl.SDL_Rect
  rect2.X = 0
  rect2.Y = 0
  rect2.W = pCodecCtx.Width
  rect2.H = pCodecCtx.Height


  //SDL End------------------------
  // var got_picture ffcommon.FInt


  //AVPacket *packet=(AVPacket *)av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacket));
  packet := &libavcodec.AVPacket{}


  var fp_yuv *os.File
  if OUTPUT_YUV420P != 0 {
    fp_yuv, _ = os.Create("output.yuv")
  }


  var img_convert_ctx *libswscale.SwsContext
  img_convert_ctx = libswscale.SwsGetContext(pCodecCtx.Width, pCodecCtx.Height, pCodecCtx.PixFmt, pCodecCtx.Width, pCodecCtx.Height, libavutil.AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, libswscale.SWS_BICUBIC, nil, nil, nil)
  //------------------------------
  //video_tid := sdl.SDL_CreateThread(sfp_refresh_thread, nil)
  //
  go sfp_refresh_thread(uintptr(0))
  //sdl.SDL_CreateThread(sfp_refresh_thread, "", uintptr(0))
  //Event Loop
  var event sdl.SDL_Event


  for {
    //Wait
    ispush = true
    event.SDL_WaitEvent()
    if event.Type == SFM_REFRESH_EVENT {
      //------------------------------
      if pFormatCtx.AvReadFrame(packet) >= 0 {
        if int32(packet.StreamIndex) == videoindex {
          if pCodecCtx.AvcodecSendPacket(packet) < 0 {
            packet.AvPacketUnref()
            continue


          }
          ret = pCodecCtx.AvcodecReceiveFrame(pFrame)
          if ret < 0 {
            fmt.Printf("Decode Error.\n")
            return -1
          }
          if ret >= 0 {
            // if got_picture != 0 {
            img_convert_ctx.SwsScale((**byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pFrame.Data)), (*int32)(unsafe.Pointer(&pFrame.Linesize)), 0, uint32(pCodecCtx.Height), (**byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pFrameYUV.Data)), (*int32)(unsafe.Pointer(&pFrameYUV.Linesize)))


            if OUTPUT_YUV420P != 0 {
              y_size := pCodecCtx.Width * pCodecCtx.Height
              fp_yuv.Write(ffcommon.ByteSliceFromByteP(pFrameYUV.Data[0], int(y_size)))   //Y
              fp_yuv.Write(ffcommon.ByteSliceFromByteP(pFrameYUV.Data[1], int(y_size)/4)) //U
              fp_yuv.Write(ffcommon.ByteSliceFromByteP(pFrameYUV.Data[2], int(y_size)/4)) //V
            }
            texture.SDL_UpdateYUVTexture(&rect2,
              pFrameYUV.Data[0], pFrameYUV.Linesize[0],
              pFrameYUV.Data[1], pFrameYUV.Linesize[1],
              pFrameYUV.Data[2], pFrameYUV.Linesize[2])


            renderer.SDL_RenderClear()
            renderer.SDL_RenderCopy(texture, nil, &rect)
            renderer.SDL_RenderPresent()


          }
        }


        packet.AvFreePacket()
      } else {
        //Exit Thread
        thread_exit = 1
        fmt.Println("main 准备退出 1")
      }
    } else if event.Type == sdl.SDL_QUIT {
      thread_exit = 1
      fmt.Println("main 准备退出 2")
    } else if event.Type == SFM_BREAK_EVENT {
      fmt.Println("退出循环 3")
      break
    }


  }


  img_convert_ctx.SwsFreeContext()


  if OUTPUT_YUV420P != 0 {
    fp_yuv.Close()
  }


  sdl.SDL_Quit()


  libavutil.AvFree(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(out_buffer)))
  libavutil.AvFree(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(pFrame)))
  libavutil.AvFree(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(pFrameYUV)))
  pCodecCtx.AvcodecClose()
  libavformat.AvformatCloseInput(&pFormatCtx)
  return 0
}


func main() {


  os.Setenv("Path", os.Getenv("Path")+";./lib/windows/ffmpeg")
  ffcommon.SetAvutilPath("./lib/windows/ffmpeg/avutil-56.dll")
  ffcommon.SetAvcodecPath("./lib/windows/ffmpeg/avcodec-58.dll")
  ffcommon.SetAvdevicePath("./lib/windows/ffmpeg/avdevice-58.dll")
  ffcommon.SetAvfilterPath("./lib/windows/ffmpeg/avfilter-56.dll")
  ffcommon.SetAvformatPath("./lib/windows/ffmpeg/avformat-58.dll")
  ffcommon.SetAvpostprocPath("./lib/windows/ffmpeg/postproc-55.dll")
  ffcommon.SetAvswresamplePath("./lib/windows/ffmpeg/swresample-3.dll")
  ffcommon.SetAvswscalePath("./lib/windows/ffmpeg/swscale-5.dll")
  sdlcommon.SetSDL2Path("./lib/windows/sdl/SDL2.0.16.dll")


  genDir := "./out"
  _, err := os.Stat(genDir)
  if err != nil {
    if os.IsNotExist(err) {
      os.Mkdir(genDir, 0777) //  Everyone can read write and execute
    }
  }


  // go func() {
  //   time.Sleep(1000)
  //   exec.Command("./lib/ffplay.exe", "rtmp://localhost/publishlive/livestream").Output()
  //   if err != nil {
  //     fmt.Println("play err = ", err)
  //   }
  // }()


  main0()
}           
2023-03-14:读取摄像头,并且显示视频。代码用go语言编写。答案

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