Struts、Spring、Hibernate整合 一、创建web工程，搭建Struts框架开发环境： 这里只导入了项目中所需要的重要的jar包，以后根据业务要求继续导入相关的包。 步骤1：导入struts框架所需的jar包 步骤2：在web.xml中配置struts2.0主过滤器 步骤3：导入struts.xml配置文件 web.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"; xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"; xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">; <!-- 配置 Struts2 的主过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> struts.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">; <struts> <!-- 配置为开发模式 --> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <!-- 配置扩展名为 action --> <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action"/> <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> </package> </struts> 二、搭建Hibernate开发环境： 创建数据库： 这里只导入了项目中所需要的重要的jar包，以后根据业务要求继续导入相关的包。 工程目录： hibernate.cfg.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">; <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!-- 配置 Hibernate: 属性配置参考 Hibernate 发型包 \project\etc\hibernate.properties --> <!-- JDBC 的基本链接 --> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password">root</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xbmuoa</property> <!-- 配置数据库方言 --> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property> <!-- 根据映射产生表结构的类型 : create-drop: 木有表结构创建，下次启动时删除重新创建。适合学习阶段 create ：只做创建 update ：探测表结构够的变化，对于数据库没有的，进行更新操作。适合学习阶段 validate ：对比与数据库的结构 --> <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> <!-- 显示 sql 语句及格式：开发调试阶段非常有用 --> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property> <!-- 告知映射文件 --> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration> Person.hbm.xml （暂时性先写个映射文件的模板） <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">; <hibernate-mapping package="cn.xbmu.oa.domain"> </hibernate-mapping> 三、搭建Spring开发环境： 这里只导入了项目中所需要的重要的jar包，以后根据业务要求继续导入相关的包。 applicationContext.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ; xmlns:xsi=" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ; xmlns:context=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" ; xmlns:tx=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" ; xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">; <!-- 自动扫描与装配 bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.xbmu.oa"></context:component-scan> </beans> 以上已经将Struts、Spring、Hibernate开发所需要的jar包及其配置文件已经配置到web工程中了。 接下来，我们两两整合在一起。 四、Spring与Hibernate整合： 让Spring来管理SessionFactory和事务。 工程目录： applicationContext.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"; xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"; xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"; xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"; xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">; <!-- 自动扫描与装配 bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.xbmu.oa"></context:component-scan> <!-- 加载外部的 properties 配置文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" /> <!-- 配置数据库连接池（ c3p0 ） --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <!-- 基本信息 --> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property> <property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property> <property name="user" value="${username}"></property> <property name="password" value="${password}"></property> <!-- 其他配置 --> <!-- 初始化时获取三个连接，取值应在 minPoolSize 与 maxPoolSize 之间。 Default: 3 --> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property> <!-- 连接池中保留的最小连接数。 Default: 3 --> <property name="minPoolSize" value="3"></property> <!-- 连接池中保留的最大连接数。 Default: 15 --> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="5"></property> <!-- 当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候 c3p0 一次同时获取的连接数。 Default: 3 --> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="3"></property> <!-- 控制数据源内加载的 PreparedStatements 数量。如果 maxStatements 与 maxStatementsPerConnection 均为 0 ，则缓存被关闭。 Default: 0 --> <property name="maxStatements" value="8"></property> <!-- maxStatementsPerConnection 定义了连接池内单个连接所拥有的最大缓存 statements 数。 Default: 0 --> <property name="maxStatementsPerConnection" value="5"></property> <!-- 最大空闲时间 ,1800 秒内未使用则连接被丢弃。若为 0 则永不丢弃。 Default: 0 --> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800"></property> </bean> <!-- 配置 SessionFactory --> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property> </bean> <!-- 配置声明式的事务管理（采用基于注解的方式） --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> </beans> jdbc.properties jdbcUrl = jdbc:mysql:///xbmuoa driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver username= root password= root
SpringTest.java package cn.xbmu.oa.test; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class SpringTest { private ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); // 测试 SessionFactory @Test public void testSessionFactory(){ SessionFactory sessionFactory = (SessionFactory) ac.getBean("sessionFactory"); System.out.println(sessionFactory); } } 使用Junit测试，结果： 启动tomcat没有报错，说明以上环境的搭建都完全正确，并进行测试，也没有报错。
User.java package cn.xbmu.oa.domain; public class User { private Long id; private String name; public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
User.hbm.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">; <hibernate-mapping package="cn.xbmu.oa.domain"> <class name="User"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping> 记得在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中引入映射文件。
TestService.java package cn.xbmu.oa.test; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.classic.Session; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import cn.xbmu.oa.domain.User; @Service("testService") public class TestService { @Resource private SessionFactory sessionFactory; @Transactional public void saveTwoUser(){ Session currentSession = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession(); currentSession.save(new User()); int i = 1 / 0;// 这里会抛出异常 currentSession.save(new User()); } }
SpringTest.java package cn.xbmu.oa.test; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class SpringTest { private ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); // 测试 SessionFactory @Test public void testSessionFactory(){ SessionFactory sessionFactory = (SessionFactory) ac.getBean("sessionFactory"); System.out.println(sessionFactory); } // 测试事务 @Test public void testTransaction(){ TestService testService = (TestService) ac.getBean("testService"); testService.saveTwoUser(); } }
测试事务，报错，因为在 int i = 1 / 0这里发生了异常。 查询数据库xbmuoa中的表，没有数据 我们注释掉 int i = 1 / 0; 这句代码，重新测试，成功。 查询user表，里面已经有了保存的数据 我们，继续打开抛异常的语句，再测试；再注释抛异常的代码，再测试。查看表中的数据，发现了事务回滚了。 到此为止，我们顺利的将Spring与Hibernate整合在一起了。并测试了SessionFactory与事务，都正常。 五、Spring与Struts整合： 为了说明白，我们在整合之前写个Action，整合之后写个Action，看看他们之间的区别： 整合之前： TestAction.java package cn.xbmu.oa.test; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class TestAction extends ActionSupport { @Override public String execute() throws Exception { System.out.println("---------->TestAction execute()"); return "success"; } } struts.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" " http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> ; <struts> <!-- 配置为开发模式 --> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <!-- 配置扩展名为 action --> <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action"/> <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <!-- 测试用的 action --> <action name="test" class="cn.xbmu.oa.test.TestAction"> <result name="success">/test.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts> test.jsp <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> </head> <body> Struts2.0 添加成功 <br/> </body> </html> 运行： 整合之后： 导入jar包，已经完成了整合
TestAction.java package cn.xbmu.oa.test; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; @Controller @Scope("prototype") public class TestAction extends ActionSupport { @Override public String execute() throws Exception { System.out.println("---------->TestAction execute()"); return "success"; } }
struts.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" " http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> ; <struts> <!-- 配置为开发模式 --> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <!-- 配置扩展名为 action --> <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action"/> <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <!-- 测试用的 action, 当与 Spring 整合后， class 属性写的就是 bean 的名称 --> <action name="test" class="testAction"> <result name="success">/test.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
在浏览器上运行：http://localhost:8080/xbmuoa/test.action 发现，在控制台上报错，信息如下： 严重 : ********** FATAL ERROR STARTING UP STRUTS-SPRING INTEGRATION ********** Looks like the Spring listener was not configured for your web app! Nothing will work until WebApplicationContextUtils returns a valid ApplicationContext. You might need to add the following to web.xml: <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> 四月 03, 2016 9:48:27 下午 com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger error 严重 : Dispatcher initialization failed java.lang.NullPointerException at com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.getClassInstance(SpringObjectFactory.java:209) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.verifyResultType(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:519) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addResultTypes(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:490) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addPackage(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:446) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:264) at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:111) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:193) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:374) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:418) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:69) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:279) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:260) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:105) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4854) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5542) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:649) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1245) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1895) at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724) 四月 03, 2016 9:48:27 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext filterStart 严重 : Exception starting filter struts2 Class: com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory File: SpringObjectFactory.java Method: getClassInstance Line: 209 - com/opensymphony/xwork2/spring/SpringObjectFactory.java:209:-1 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:431) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.InitOperations.initDispatcher(InitOperations.java:69) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.init(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.initFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:279) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:260) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:105) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:4854) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5542) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:649) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1245) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1895) at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:724) Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException at com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.SpringObjectFactory.getClassInstance(SpringObjectFactory.java:209) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.verifyResultType(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:519) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addResultTypes(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:490) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.addPackage(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:446) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:264) at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.loadPackages(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:111) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:193) at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:374) at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:418) ... 18 more 意思就是，没有和web工程整合，没有一个全局的工厂容器对象。 在web.xml中配置信息如下： web.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns=" http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" ; xmlns:xsi=" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ; xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">; <!-- 配置 Spring 的监听器，用于初始化 ApplicationContext 对象 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 配置 Struts2 的主过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app> TestAction.java package cn.xbmu.oa.test; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; @Controller @Scope("prototype") public class TestAction extends ActionSupport { @Resource private TestService testService; @Override public String execute() throws Exception { System.out.println("---------->TestAction execute()"); testService.saveTwoUser(); return "success"; } } 在浏览器中运行，报错，是因为在 int i = 1 / 0出抛出了异常 注释掉这句抛异常的语句，继续运行，成功。
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