三层架构

asp.net三层架构三层架构

DAL数据访问层: BooksRatingService各种service类定义各种使用sqlhelper定义数据库的操作方法将sql字段加载进去各种具体的数据操作的方法

BLL逻辑业务层：BookManager各种manager类调用DAL层类方法定义对model类的操作方法

models实体类：定义实体类设置获得方法，数据传输的中间媒介

web层：视图文件，布局脚本样式，aspx文件布局+aspx.cs文件进行数据与控件的交互

DAL中的sqlhelper定义数据库操作方法

Bin文件夹中引用dll文件

问题：

为何需要BLL 层?不直接调用DAL中的方法，

model类代码：作为数据操作媒介

private DateTime createdTime;

public DateTime CreatedTime

{

get { return createdTime; }

set { createdTime = value; }

}

SqlHelper类代码：定义数据操作方法

Method:readData DataSet Query sqlcmd

Reader_data:ExecuteReader()

DataSet:ExecuteDataset()

Query_Data: ExecuteNonQuery(),

insertData: ExecuteScalar()

Sqlcmd_execute: PrepareCommand()

//Databaseconnection strings

public static readonly string ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BookShop"].ConnectionString;

ExecuteNonQuery

///<summary>

///执行SqlServer存储过程

///注意：不能执行有out 参数的存储过程

///</summary>

///<paramname="connectionString">连接字符串</param>

///<paramname="spName">存储过程名</param>

///<paramname="parameterValues">对象参数</param>

///<returns>受影响的行数</returns>

public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)

{

using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString))

{

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

PrepareCommand(cmd, conn, spName,parameterValues);

int val =cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

return val;

}

ExecuteReader

///<summary>

/// 执行sql命令

///</summary>

///<paramname="connectionString">连接字符串</param>

///<paramname="commandType">命令类型</param>

///<paramname="commandText">sql语句/参数化sql语句/存储过程名</param>

///<paramname="commandParameters">参数</param>

///<returns>SqlDataReader 对象</returns>

public static SqlDataReader ExecuteReader(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[]commandParameters)

{

SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString);

try

{

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

PrepareCommand(cmd,commandType, conn, commandText, commandParameters);

SqlDataReader rdr =cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);

return rdr;

}

catch

{

conn.Close();

throw;

}

ExecuteDataset

//setthe data to the dataAdapter

public static DataSet ExecuteDataset(string connectionString, string spName, params object[] parameterValues)

{

using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString))

{

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

PrepareCommand(cmd, conn,spName, parameterValues);

using (SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd))

{

DataSet ds = new DataSet();

da.Fill(ds);

return ds;

}

ExecuteScalar

///<summary>

///执行Sql命令

///</summary>

///<paramname="connectionString">连接字符串</param>

///<paramname="commandType">命令类型</param>

///<param name="commandText">sql语句/参数化sql语句/存储过程名</param>

///<paramname="commandParameters">参数</param>

///<returns>执行结果对象</returns>

public static object ExecuteScalar(string connectionString, CommandType commandType, string commandText, params SqlParameter[]commandParameters)

{

SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();

using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString))

{

PrepareCommand(cmd,commandType, conn, commandText, commandParameters);

object val =cmd.ExecuteScalar();

return val;

}

PrepareCommand

///<summary>

///设置一个等待执行的SqlCommand对象

///</summary>

///<paramname="cmd">SqlCommand 对象，不允许空对象</param>

///<paramname="conn">SqlConnection 对象，不允许空对象</param>

///<paramname="commandText">Sql 语句</param>

///<paramname="cmdParms">SqlParameters 对象,允许为空对象</param>

private static void PrepareCommand(SqlCommand cmd, CommandType commandType, SqlConnection conn, string commandText, SqlParameter[] cmdParms)

{

//打开连接

if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)

conn.Open();

//设置SqlCommand对象

cmd.Connection = conn;

cmd.CommandText = commandText;

cmd.CommandType = commandType;

if (cmdParms != null)

{

foreach (SqlParameter parm in cmdParms)

cmd.Parameters.Add(parm);

}

DAL类代码：cast datas to models

设置/获得参数，传入sqlhelper方法得到数据映射到实体类用实体类对数据进行具体操作

Method:

get list of items:GetBookRatings(int bookId),GetBookRatings(string safeSql)

insert Data: AddBookRating()

get Data: GetBookRatings()

BooksRatingService:

//database connection strings

string connection =ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["BookShop"].ConnectionString;

AddBookRating

//method: insert data by casting datato models

public bool AddBookRating(BookRatings bookrating)

{

string sql =

"INSERTBookRatings (BookId,UserId,Rating,Comment)" +

"VALUES(@BookId, @UserId, @Rating, @Comment)";

sql += " ; [email protected]@IDENTITY";

SqlParameter[] para = new SqlParameter[]

{

new SqlParameter("@BookId",bookrating.BookId),

new SqlParameter("@UserId",bookrating.User.Id),

new SqlParameter("@Rating",bookrating.Rating),

new SqlParameter("@Comment",bookrating.Comment)

};

bookrating.Id = Convert.ToInt32(SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(this.connection, CommandType.Text, sql, para));

return bookrating.Id >0;

}

GetBookRatings

//method：getspecially data according to terms

///<summary>

///根据书的Id得到其评价信息

///</summary>

///<paramname="bookId"></param>

///<returns></returns>

//getbookRatings list of specially book by id

public List<BookRatings> GetBookRatings(int bookId)

{

string sql = "select * frombookratings where bookid='" + bookId + "'";

return this.GetBookRatings(sql);

}

//getlist of bookRatings by sql

private List<BookRatings> GetBookRatings(string safeSql)

{

List<BookRatings> list = new List<BookRatings>();

DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(this.connection, CommandType.Text, safeSql);

if (ds.Tables.Count> 0)

{

DataTable dt = ds.Tables[0];

//castdata to models by traversing dataRow

foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows)

{

BookRatings brating = new BookRatings();

brating.Id = (int)row["Id"];

brating.BookId = (int)row["BookId"];

brating.Rating = (int)row["Rating"];

int userId = (int)row["userid"];

brating.User = new UserService().GetUserById(userId);

brating.Comment = (string)row["Comment"];

brating.CreatedTime = (DateTime)row["CreatedTime"];

list.Add(brating);

}

return list;

}

GetCategoryById

//cast data to model

public Category GetCategoryById(Int32 id)

{

string sql = "SELECT * FROMCategories WHERE Id = @Id";

Category category = null;

using (SqlDataReader reader = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(SqlHelper.ConnectionString, CommandType.Text, sql, new SqlParameter("@Id", id)))

{

if (reader.Read())

{

category = new Category();

category.Id = (int)reader["Id"];

category.Name = (string)reader["Name"];

category.PId = (int)reader["PId"];

}

return category;

}

BLL类代码：get and set models List

Get models list

public List<Category> GetCategories()

{

//调用DAL类方法返回实体类列表

return new CategoryService().GetCategories();

}

Set Models list

public void AddCategory(Category category)

{

//调用DAL类方法定义添加实体类

new CategoryService().AddCategory(category);

}

Get specially terms of models list byparameter

public List<BookRatings> GetBookRatings(int bookId)

{

return new BooksRatingService().GetBookRatings(bookId);

}

Web

Common.master 通用视图用于引用提高代码重用度

Common.master.cs 从数据库读取数据定义视图

Admin.master 管理者通用视图

Admin.master.cs 从数据库读取数据定义视图

#region Method_name

代码显示缩进

#endregion

注释：说明方法用途，参数，返回对象

///<summary>

///执行Sql命令

///</summary>

///<paramname="connectionString">连接字符串</param>

///<paramname="commandType">命令类型</param>

///<paramname="commandText">sql语句/参数化sql语句/存储过程名</param>

///<paramname="commandParameters">参数</param>

///<returns>DataSet 对象</returns>

App_code: Category.cs

public class Category

{

public int Id { get; set; }

public string Name { get; set; }

public int Pid { get; set; }

public int SortNum { get; set; }

}

Web.Config

<addname="BookShop"connectionString="server=.;uid=sa;pwd=sa;database=BookShopPlus"/>

</connectionStrings>

<system.web>

<compilationdebug="true"targetFramework="4.0"/>

</system.web>

</configuration>

Web.SiteMap

<siteMapxmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/AspNet/SiteMap-File-1.0" >

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Default.aspx"title="第三波" description="">

<siteMapNodeurl="BookList.aspx"title="图书列表页" description=""/>

<siteMapNodeurl="Search.aspx"title="搜索页" description=""/>

<siteMapNodeurl=""title="订单查询" description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="ShoppingCart.aspx"title="购物车" description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="~\BookDetail.aspx"title="图书详细页" description="" />

<siteMapNodeId=""url=""title="会员后台"description="">

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Membership\Register.aspx" title="用户注册" description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Membership\Login.aspx" title="用户登录" description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Membership\UserModify.aspx"title="修改个人信息" description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="" title="退出登录" description="" />

</siteMapNode>

<siteMapNodeId=""url="~\Admin\Default.aspx"title="管理员后台"description="">

<siteMapNodeurl=""title="用户管理"description="">

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Admin\UserList.aspx"title="管理用户"description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Admin\UserStateManage.aspx"title="状态管理"description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Admin\UserDetails.aspx" title="修改用户资料" description="" />

</siteMapNode>

<siteMapNodeurl=""title="图书管理"description="">

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Admin\CategoryManage.aspx"title="添加图书分类"description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Admin\BookCategory.aspx"title="为书籍分类"description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Admin\BookDetail.aspx"title="图书详细信息"description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Admin\BookList.aspx"title="图书列表"description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Admin\RecomBookList.aspx"title="推荐图书"description="" />

</siteMapNode>

<siteMapNodeurl=""title="订单管理"description="">

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Admin\OrderList.aspx"title="审核订单"description="" />

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Admin\OrderDetail.aspx"title="详细订单"description="" />

</siteMapNode>

<siteMapNodeurl="~\Membership\LoginOut.aspx"title="退出"description="管理员退出">

</siteMapNode>

</siteMap>

TreeView.xml

<Booksurl="default.aspx"title="新书推荐"description="">

<Booktitle=" C#"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=1"description="" />

<Booktitle=".NET"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=25"description="" />

<Booktitle="ASP.NET"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=29"description="" />

<Booktitle="Basic VB VB Script"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=16"description="" />

<Booktitle="C C++ VC VC++"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=15"description="" />

<Booktitle="CSS Div"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=4"description="" />

<Booktitle="HTML XML"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=22"description="" />

<Booktitle="J2EE"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=2"description="" />

<Booktitle="Java Script Java"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=21"description="" />

<Booktitle="JSP"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=31"description="" />

<Booktitle="Perl"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=26"description="" />

<Booktitle="WINDOWS"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=35"description="" />

<Booktitle="电子商务"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=38"description="" />

<Booktitle="计算机等级考试"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=17"description="" />

<Booktitle="计算机理论"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=20"description="" />

<Booktitle="其他"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=28"description="" />

<Booktitle="网站开发"url="BookList.aspx?typeid=27"description="" />

</Books>

Aspx代码

HTML+css+javascript布局

普通控件：

 //表示空格

//页面链接

<a href="Register.aspx">还没有注册？</a>

//单选框

//图片链接

//调用css

//表单用form

//引用页面

<%@ Page Title=""Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Admin/Admin.master" AutoEventWireup="true"CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="Admin_Default" %>

//内容载体控件

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" Runat="Server">管理员首页

</asp:Content>

Javascript

function checkInput() {

var loginId =document.getElementById("txtLoginId").value;

if (loginId == "") {

alert("用户名不能为空");

return false;

}

var pwd =document.getElementById("txtLoginPwd").value;

var pwdAgain =document.getElementById("txtPwdAgain").value;

if (pwd != pwdAgain) {

alert("两次输入的密码不一致");

return false;

}

return true;

}

</script>

function selectAll(checkAll) {

var items =document.getElementsByTagName("input");

for (i = 0; i <items.length; i++) {

if (items[i].type == "checkbox") {

items[i].checked =checkAll.checked;

}

</script>

Asp控件：

//下拉框数据来自属性中items

<asp:DropDownList ID="ddlCategory" runat="server" Width="172px" AutoPostBack="True" onselectedindexchanged="ddlCategory_SelectedIndexChanged1"/>

//输入框

<asp:TextBox ID="txtLoginPwd" runat="server" TextMode="Password" CssClass="opt_input"/>

//按钮

<asp:Button ID="btnRegister" runat="server" Text="确定了，马上提交" CssClass="opt_sub" onclick="btnRegister_Click" />

网格视图：列名来自属性Columns，数据来自cs文件操作

<asp:GridView ID="gvBooks" runat="server" AllowPaging="True"

AutoGenerateColumns="False" BackColor="LightGoldenrodYellow" BorderColor="Tan"

BorderWidth="1px" CellPadding="2" ForeColor="Black" GridLines="None"

onpageindexchanging="gvBooks_PageIndexChanging"

onrowdatabound="gvBooks_RowDataBound" Width="771px">

<asp:TemplateField ItemStyle-Width="60px" ItemStyle-HorizontalAlign=Center>

<asp:CheckBox ID="CheckBox2" runat="server" Text="全选" onclick="selectAll(this)" />

</HeaderTemplate>

<asp:CheckBox ID="CheckBox1" runat="server" />

</ItemTemplate>

</asp:TemplateField>

<asp:BoundField DataField="Title" HeaderText="书名" />

<asp:BoundField DataField="author" HeaderText="作者" />

<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="出版社"></asp:TemplateField>

<asp:BoundField DataField="UnitPrice" HeaderText="单价" />

</Columns>

<PagerStyle BackColor="PaleGoldenrod" ForeColor="DarkSlateBlue"

HorizontalAlign="Center" />

</asp:GridView>

树状结构:调用web.sitemap文件数据

<asp:TreeView ID="TreeView1" runat="server" DataSourceID="SiteMapDataSource1">

</asp:TreeView>

<br />

<asp:SiteMapDataSource ID="SiteMapDataSource1" runat="server"

ShowStartingNode="False" StartingNodeUrl="~/Admin/Default.aspx" />

</div>

位置选择+内容控件

<div id="breadcrumb">您现在的位置：

<asp:SiteMapPath ID="SiteMapPath1" runat="server">

</asp:SiteMapPath>

</div>

<div >

<asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="server">

</asp:ContentPlaceHolder>

</div>

判断是否为空

<asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator1" runat="server"

ControlToValidate="txtLoginPwd" ErrorMessage="密码不能为空"/>

两次密码相同

<asp:CompareValidator ID="CompareValidator1" runat="server"

ControlToCompare="txtLoginPwd" ControlToValidate="txtPwdAgain"

Display="Dynamic" ErrorMessage="两次密码不一致"/>

邮件格式

<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="RegularExpressionValidator1" runat="server" ControlToValidate="txtEmail" ErrorMessage="Email格式不正确" ValidationExpression="\w+([+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*"/>

手机格式

<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="RegularExpressionValidator2" runat="server" ControlToValidate="txtPhone" ErrorMessage="手机号码格式不正确" ValidationExpression="1\d{10}"/>

出生日期格式

<asp:CompareValidator ID="CompareValidator2" runat="server" ControlToValidate="txtBirthday" ErrorMessage="出生日期格式不正确" Operator="LessThan" Type="Date"/>

提供验证码

<asp:TextBox ID="txtCode" CssClass="opt_input" runat="server"/>

<cc1:SerialNumber ID="snCode" runat="server"/>

Alert

<asp:Literal ID="litAlert" runat="server"/>

Aspx.cs代码:页面逻辑

//调用实体类和BLL层操作数据

using BookShop.BLL;

CategoryManager categoryManager = new CategoryManager();

BookManager bookManager = new BookManager();

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

if (!Page.IsPostBack)

{

bindCategory();

categoryId = Convert.ToInt32(ddlCategory.SelectedValue);

bindBooks();

}

set data to widget

private void bindCategory()

{

ddlCategory.DataSource =categoryManager.GetCategories();

ddlCategory.DataTextField = "Name";

ddlCategory.DataValueField = "Id";

ddlCategory.DataBind();

}

set data to gridView widget

private void bindBooks()

{

gvBooks.DataSource = bookManager.GetBooks(categoryId);

gvBooks.DataBind();

}

protected voidgvBooks_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)

{

if (e.Row.RowType == DataControlRowType.DataRow)

{

e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseover", "currentColor=this.style.backgroundColor;this.style.backgroundColor='red'");

e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseout", "this.style.backgroundColor=currentColor");

}

protected voidgvBooks_PageIndexChanging(object sender, GridViewPageEventArgs e)

{

gvBooks.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex;

categoryId = Convert.ToInt32(ddlCategory.SelectedValue);

bindBooks();

}

Category selectedIndexChaged

protected voidddlCategory_SelectedIndexChanged1(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

categoryId = Convert.ToInt32(ddlCategory.SelectedValue);

bindBooks();

}

onClickListener

UserManager userManager = new UserManager();

protected void btnLogin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

string loginId =txtLoginId.Text.Trim();

string loginPwd =txtLoginPwd.Text.Trim();

BookShop.Models.User user = new BookShop.Models.User();

string message = "";

if(userManager.Login(loginId, loginPwd, ref user, ref message))

{

if (user.UserRole.Name== "管理员")

Response.Redirect("~/Admin/Default.aspx");

else

Response.Redirect("~/Default.aspx");

}

else

{

Page.ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript(this.GetType(), "alertError", "<script>alert('" + message + "')</script>");

}

Note

//可以用Literal控件的Text属性存放脚本，客户端不会生成任何其他标记，只有脚本

// litAlert.Text ="<script>alert('验证码错误')</script>";

//可以用Label控件的Text属性存放脚本，但客户端会生成一个<span>标记来存放脚本

// lblAlert.Text ="<script>alert('验证码错误')</script>";

//将脚本生成在</form>之前消息框弹出时可以看到页面其他内容

Page.ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript(this.GetType(), "jsCodeError", "<script>alert('验证码错误')</script>");

//将脚本生成在<form>标记之后消息框弹出时看不到页面其他内容

//Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptBlock(this.GetType(),"jsCodeError", "<script>alert('验证码错误')</script>");

//将脚本生成在Html的顶部消息框弹出时看不到页面其他内容

//Response.Write("<script>alert('验证码错误')</script>");

方法实现：

SqlParameter

SqlParameter[] para = new SqlParameter[]

{

new SqlParameter("@BookId",bookrating.BookId),

new SqlParameter("@UserId",bookrating.User.Id),

new SqlParameter("@Rating",bookrating.Rating),

new SqlParameter("@Comment",bookrating.Comment)

};

SqlDataReader

using (SqlDataReader reader = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(SqlHelper.ConnectionString, CommandType.Text, sql, new SqlParameter("@Id", id)))

{

if (reader.Read())

{

category = new Category();

category.Id = (int)reader["Id"];

category.Name = (string)reader["Name"];

category.PId = (int)reader["PId"];

}

Traverse to Get List

public List<BookRatings> GetBookRatings(int bookId)

{

return new BooksRatingService().GetBookRatings(bookId);

}

private List<BookRatings> GetBookRatings(string safeSql)

{

List<BookRatings> list = new List<BookRatings>();

DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(this.connection, CommandType.Text, safeSql);

if (ds.Tables.Count> 0)

{

DataTable dt = ds.Tables[0];

//castdata to models by traversing dataRow

foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows)

{

BookRatings brating = new BookRatings();

brating.Id = (int)row["Id"];

brating.BookId = (int)row["BookId"];

brating.Rating = (int)row["Rating"];

int userId = (int)row["userid"];

brating.User = new UserService().GetUserById(userId);

brating.Comment = (string)row["Comment"];

brating.CreatedTime = (DateTime)row["CreatedTime"];

list.Add(brating);

}

return list;

}

asp.net三层架构三层架构

三层架构

问题：

model类代码：作为数据操作媒介

SqlHelper类代码：定义数据操作方法

ExecuteNonQuery

ExecuteReader

ExecuteDataset

ExecuteScalar

PrepareCommand

DAL类代码：cast datas to models

AddBookRating

GetBookRatings

GetCategoryById

BLL类代码：get and set models List

Get models list

Set Models list

Get specially terms of models list byparameter

Web

注释：说明方法用途，参数，返回对象

App_code: Category.cs

Web.Config

Web.SiteMap

TreeView.xml

Aspx代码

普通控件：

Javascript

Asp控件：

网格视图：列名来自属性Columns，数据来自cs文件操作

树状结构:调用web.sitemap文件数据

位置选择+内容控件

判断是否为空

邮件格式

手机格式

出生日期格式

提供验证码

Alert

Aspx.cs代码:页面逻辑

set data to widget

set data to gridView widget

Category selectedIndexChaged

onClickListener

Note

方法实现：

SqlParameter

SqlDataReader

Traverse to Get List

继续阅读