HTML表单需要设置
enctype="multipart/form-data"
这个属性,如果不这么设置,在提交表单时候,相关文件将无法获取。
HTML表单如何打包数据文件是由enctype这个属性决定的。enctype有以下几种取值:
(1)
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
在发送前编码所有字符(默认)(空格被编码为’+’,特殊字符被编码为ASCII十六进制字符)
(2)
multipart/form-data
不对字符编码。在使用包含文件上传控件的表单时,必须使用该值。
(3)
text/plain
空格转换为 “+” 加号,但不对特殊字符编码。
默认
enctype=application/x-www-form-urlencoded
,所以表单的内容会按URL规则编码,然后根据表单的提交方法:
(1)method=’get’ 编码后的表单内容附加在请求连接后
(2)method=’post’ 编码后的表单内容作为post请求的正文内容
获取各种请求数据结果:
(1)条件:method='get' enctype=application/x-www-form-urlencoded
1 <form action="xxx" method="get">
2 <input type="text" name="name">
3 <input type="file" name="file"/>
4 <input type="submit" value="submit" name="submit">
5 </form>
在输入框中输入"hello word" 并进行提交
1 GET /xxx?name=%22hello+world%22&file=temp.png&submit=submit HTTP/1.1
2 Host: hello.app
3 Connection: keep-alive
4 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
5 Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
6 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.80 Safari/537.36
7 Referer: http://hello.app/formtest.html
8 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch
9 Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6
因为是get请求,所以只有头部没有正文。请求的链接为
/xxx?name=hello+world.&file=temp.png&submit=submit
,可以看到表单的信息已经被编码到URL中了
注意两点:①
"hello world"
被编码为
%22hello+world%22
,特殊字符和空格都被编码 ②
type='file'
提交的文件内容并没有被提交,只是把文件名编码到了URL中
(2)条件:method='post' enctype=application/x-www-form-urlencoded
1 <form action="xxx" method="
2 post">
3 <input type="text" name="name">
4 <input type="file" name="file"/>
5 <input type="submit" value="submit" name="submit">
6 </form>
文本框中输入 "hello world" ,选择文件,点击提交
1 POST /xxx HTTP/1.1
2 Host: hello.app
3 Connection: keep-alive
4 Content-Length: 50
5 Cache-Control: max-age=0
6 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
7 Origin: http://hello.app
8 Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
9 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.80 Safari/537.36
10 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
11 Referer: http://hello.app/formtest.html
12 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
13 Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6
14
15 name=%22hello+world%22&file=temp.png&submit=submit
与get请求相比,只是把
name=hello+world.&file=temp.png&submit=submit
放在了正文中,其他没有区别了
注意两点:①
"hello world"
被编码为
%22hello+world%22
,特殊字符和空格都被编码;②
type='file'
提交的文件内容并没有被提交,只是把文件名编码到了正文中
(3)条件:method='get' enctype='multipart/form-data'
1 <form action="xxx" method="
2 get" enctype="multipart/form-data">
3 <input type="text" name="name">
4 <input type="file" name="file"/>
5 <input type="submit" value="submit" name="submit">
6 </form>
文本框中输入 "hello world" ,选择文件,点击提交
1 GET /xxx?name=%22hello+world%22&file=temp.png&submit=submit HTTP/1.1
2 Host: hello.app
3 Connection: keep-alive
4 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
5 Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
6 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.80 Safari/537.36
7 Referer: http://hello.app/formtest.html
8 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch
9 Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6
结果和实验一一模一样,说明get和multipart/form-data配合无效
(4)method='post' enctype=multipart/form-data
1 <form action="xxx" method="
2 post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
3 <input type="text" name="name">
4 <input type="file" name="file"/>
5 <input type="submit" value="submit" name="submit">
6 </form>
文本框中输入 "hello world" ,选择文件,点击提交
1 POST /xxx HTTP/1.1
2 Host: hello.app
3 Connection: keep-alive
4 Content-Length: 3695
5 Cache-Control: max-age=0
6 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
7 Origin: http://hello.app
8 Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
9 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.80 Safari/537.36
10 Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryIZDrYHwuf2VJdpHw
11 Referer: http://hello.app/formtest.html
12 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
13 Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6
14
15 ------WebKitFormBoundaryIZDrYHwuf2VJdpHw
16 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name"
17
18 "hello world"
19 ------WebKitFormBoundaryIZDrYHwuf2VJdpHw
20 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="temp.png"
21 Content-Type: image/png
22
23 .PNG
24 .
25 ...
26 IHDR...
27 ..........Y../..,+|.$aIk.v...G?...P.P,,...m..e.2....v.7. pHYs...%...%.IR$....|IDAT(.cTT....................:.?.......}.(.Pd`A..V...L...?..#.....4.o..LS.....W.d.?...A8..LS...(.u.......D.b......b.....o&..;..<.1......IEND.B`.
28 ------WebKitFormBoundaryIZDrYHwuf2VJdpHw
29 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="submit"
30
31 submit
32 ------WebKitFormBoundaryIZDrYHwuf2VJdpHw--
这次与前两次相比有很大的不同。请求主题的内容复杂很多。根据boundary定义的字符串,正文被分割为几个部分,每个部分与表单中的内容一一对应。每部分内容,还会由Content-Disposition: form-data;name="name"这样的字符串指定内容,与名字。对于文件内容,还有有额外的两个字段filename="temp.png"‘和Content-Type: image/png,并且文件的内容就直接附加在后面
所以,只有使用
enctype="multipart/form-data"
,表单才会把文件的内容编码到HTML请求中
参考:https://www.w3school.com.cn/tags/att_form_enctype.asp