LESSON 1 BEING A HACKER part II

1.1.2 Magazines and Newspapers

The use of magazines and newspapers is highly encouraged for providing concise, timely

information. However, magazines are usually short on details and often focus too much on

the zeitgeist of the community. This is something that a hacker needs to know – social

engineering and password cracking, in particular, are more effective if you have a solid

grounding in pop culture – but you also need to know that 'pop journalism' isn't always

'accurate journalism'.

1.1.2 杂志和报刊

通过杂志和报刊可以获得简明，及时的信息。但是，杂志通常没有过多的细节，而且过多注重于社会的时代

精神。社交工程和密码破译是一名黑客需要了解的，如果你很通晓流行文化，那么这种技能将特别有效。但是

你也需要知道“流行新闻”不都是“准确新闻”。

Another issue you should consider is the topic or theme of the magazine. A Linux magazine

will attempt to down-play Microsoft Windows, because it is a conflicting theme and that is

what their main readers want to read.

你还应该留意的一点是杂志的话题和主题。Linux杂志通常会贬低微软的Windows，因为这是一个很有争议的

话题，也是他们主要读者想读的。

The best way to combat these two flaws is by being well and widely read. If you read an

interesting fact in a magazine, look into it further. Pretend that you believe it, and look for

confirmations, then pretend that you don't believe it, and look for rebuttals.

要弥补这两大缺陷的一条重要途径是广泛阅读。如果你在一本杂志上读到你感兴趣的东西，就要深入的研究。

你先选择相信它，然后想方设法的求证它，或者先不去相信它，然后去找能反驳它的事实。

Exercises:

A. Search the Web for 3 online magazines regarding Security.

B. How did you find these magazines?

C. Are all three magazines about computer security?

练习：

A. 上网搜寻三本有关安全的在线杂志。

B. 你是怎样找到这些杂志的？

C. 这些杂志都是关于电脑安全的吗？

1.1.3 Zines and Blogs

Zines are small, often free magazines that have a very small distribution (less than 10,000

readers) and are often produced by hobbyists and amateur journalists. Zines, like the famous

2600 zine or Phrack Hacking web zine, are written by volunteers and the producers do not

edit the content for non-technical errors. This means the language can be harsh for those not

anticipating such writing. Zines have a very strong theme and are very opinionated.

However, they are more likely to show and argue both sides, as they do not care to nor have

to appease advertisers and subscribers.

1.1.3 电子杂志和博客

电子杂志是发行量很小的免费杂志（少于10000的读者），通常由业余爱好者编辑。像著名的2600 和Phrack Hacking

网站电子杂志，是由志愿者编写的，制作人不会检查其中的非技术性错误。这意味着对那些不喜欢这种风格的人来说

比较难懂。电子杂志风格鲜明，内容带有很明显的个人色彩。但是它更多是包含展示和辩论两方面，因为它不在意

广告商和订阅者是否满意。

Blogs are a modernization of the zine. Blogs are updated more often and use communities to

tie in very strong themes. Like zines, however, anyone may criticize a story and show an

opposing opinion. For blogs, it is important to read the commentary just as much as the story.

博客是电子杂志的一种改造。博客内容更新的更快，并且通过社区就这个主题进行讨论。但在电子杂志上，任何人都可以

批评一篇文章，并且给出不同观点，在博客上，阅读评论和阅读文章同等重要。

Exercises:

A. Search the Web for 3 zines regarding computer security.

B. How did you find these zines?

C. Why do you classify these as zines? Remember, just because they market it as a zine

     or put “zine” in the title does not mean it is one.

D. Search the Web for 3 blogs regarding computer security.

E. What communities are these associated with?

练习：

A. 在网上搜寻三本和电脑安全有关的杂志。

B. 你是怎样找到这些杂志的？

C. 你为什么认为这些事电子杂志？记住，尽管他们以电子杂志形式进行销售或者冠以“电子杂志”之名并不意味这它就是电子杂志。

D. 在网上搜寻三个有关电脑安全的博客。

E. 这些博客都在哪些社区？

1.1.4 Forums and Mailing Lists

Forums and mailing lists are communally developed media, much like a recording of a series

of conversations at a party. The conversations shift focus often, and much of what is said is

rumor, and, when the party is over, no one is certain who said what. Forums and mailing lists

are similar, because there are many ways for people to contribute inaccurate information –

sometimes intentionally – and there are also ways for people to contribute anonymously. And,

since topics and themes change quickly, it's important to read the whole thread of comments

and not just the first few in order to get the best information.

1.1.4 论坛和邮件表

论坛和邮件表是一种发展成熟公众化的媒体，更像对一群人在派对上交谈的记录。这些交谈通常聚焦于一些传言，

当派对结束，没有人能确定谁说了什么。论坛和邮件表很类似，因为人们有很多的方式提供不准确的信息-甚至是

有意的-也有很多方式使人们匿名提供信息。话题和主题改变的很快，所以，最好读完整个评论过程而不是只截取

中间一点去获得最好的信息。

You can find forums on almost any topic and many online magazines and newspapers offer

forums for readers to write opinions regarding published articles. For this case, forums are

invaluable for getting more than one opinion on an article, because, no matter how much

you liked the article, there is certain to be someone who didn't.

你能找到任何话题的论坛，许多在线杂志和报刊为读者提供论坛以写下自己的观点，正是这种原因，论坛很

有价值，因为它能得到对这篇文章的多种不同观点。因为不管你有多喜欢这篇文章，总有人会不喜欢。

Many mailing lists exist on special topics, but these are hard to find. Often times, you must

look for an idea before you find a mailing list community supporting it.

有许多针对专门话题的邮件表，但是这些比较难找。通常，你必须在找到支持它的邮件表社区之前寻找这个观点。

For a hacker, what is most important to know is that many forums and mailing lists are not

searchable through major search engines. While you might find a forum or a list through a

topic search in a search engine, you may not find information on individual posts. This

information is called “the invisible web” as it contains information and data that is invisible to

many since a very specific search is needed, often through meta-search engines or only

directly on the website of the forum.

一名黑客要了解的是，很多论坛和邮件表很难通过那些主流的搜索引擎搜索到。虽然你可能在搜索引擎上搜索

话题时能找到一个论坛或者邮件表，你却很难找到私人帖子的信息。这些信息被称为“隐形网站”因为它包含

对大多数人隐藏的信息和数据。所以需要一种专门的搜索来找，通常通过元搜索引擎或者在仅包含论坛的网站上

搜寻。

Exercises:

A. Find 3 computer security forums.

B. How did you find these forums?

C. Can you determine the whole theme of the website?

D. Do the topics in the forums reflect the theme of the website hosting them?

E. Find 3 computer security mailing lists.

F. Who is the “owner” of these lists?

G. On which list would you expect the information to be more factual and less

opinionated and why?

练习：

A. 寻找三个关于电脑安全的论坛。

B. 你是怎样找到这些论坛的？

C. 你能判断出这个网站的主题吗？

D. 论坛的话题和论坛所在的网站主题相符合吗？

E. 寻找三个关于电脑安全的邮件表。

F. 这些邮件表的“所属者”是谁？

G. 你认为哪一个邮件表上的信息比较准确，个人色彩淡一些，为什么？