Linux应用程序Makefile模版

本文在 http://sourceforge.net/projects/gcmakefile/ 的成果上改进得来。

主要修改如下：

1.去掉了说明部分，使得模版更简洁； 模版本身已经具备自说明特性。

2.去掉自动生成目标名称部分； 目标名称必须指定。

3.%.d文件替换为.%.d文件, 即隐藏了依赖文件, 使得源代码目录编译后看起来更简洁.

4.如果不指定源代码目录(SRCDIRS),  则自动搜索当前目录下的所有子目录, 而不仅仅只是当前目录.

这个模版最大特点就是可以适应各种不同的应用, 基本上拿来就可以用, 改动很少; 而且自适应增删源文件, 自适应多级目录结构, 自动检查头文件依赖.

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#

# Generic Makefile for C/C++ Program

#

# License: GPL (General Public License)

# Author:  whyglinux <whyglinux AT gmail DOT com>

# Date:    2006/03/04 (version 0.1)

#          2007/03/24 (version 0.2)

#          2007/04/09 (version 0.3)

#          2007/06/26 (version 0.4)

#          2008/04/05 (version 0.5)

#

# Author: kevin1078 <[email protected]>

# Date:    2012/04/24 (version 0.6)

#===========================================================================

## Customizable Section: adapt those variables to suit your program.

##==========================================================================

# The extra pre-processor and compiler options.

EXTRA_CFLAGS =

# The extra linker options.

EXTRA_LDFLAGS   =

# Specify the include dirs

INCLUDE   = -I./inc

# The pre-processor options used by the cpp (man cpp for more).

CPPFLAGS  = -Wall $(INCLUDE)

# The options used in linking as well as in any direct use of ld.

LDFLAGS   =

# The directories in which source files reside.

# If not specified, all subdirectories of the current directory will be serached.

SRCDIRS   :=

# The executable file name. Must be specified.

PROGRAM   = test

## Implicit Section: change the following only when necessary.

##==========================================================================

# The source file types (headers excluded).

# .c indicates C source files, and others C++ ones.

SRCEXTS = .c .C .cc .cpp .CPP .c++ .cxx .cp

# The header file types.

HDREXTS = .h .H .hh .hpp .HPP .h++ .hxx .hp

# The pre-processor and compiler options.

# Users can override those variables from the command line.

CFLAGS  = -g -O2

CXXFLAGS= -g -O2

# The C program compiler.

CC     = gcc

# The C++ program compiler.

CXX    = g++

# Un-comment the following line to compile C programs as C++ ones.

#CC     = $(CXX)

# The command used to delete file.

RM     = rm -f

ETAGS = etags

ETAGSFLAGS =

CTAGS = ctags

CTAGSFLAGS =

## Stable Section: usually no need to be changed. But you can add more.

##==========================================================================

ifeq ($(SRCDIRS),)

  SRCDIRS := $(shell find $(SRCDIRS) -type d)

endif

SOURCES = $(foreach d,$(SRCDIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(SRCEXTS))))

HEADERS = $(foreach d,$(SRCDIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(HDREXTS))))

SRC_CXX = $(filter-out %.c,$(SOURCES))

OBJS    = $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))

#DEPS    = $(OBJS:%.o=%.d) #replace %.d with .%.d (hide dependency files)

DEPS    = $(foreach f, $(OBJS), $(addprefix $(dir $(f))., $(patsubst %.o, %.d, $(notdir $(f)))))

## Define some useful variables.

DEP_OPT = $(shell if `$(CC) --version | grep -i "GCC" >/dev/null`; then \

                  echo "-MM"; else echo "-M"; fi )

DEPEND.d      = $(CC)  $(DEP_OPT)  $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)

COMPILE.c   = $(CC)  $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)   $(CPPFLAGS) -c

COMPILE.cxx = $(CXX) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c

LINK.c      = $(CC)  $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)   $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)

LINK.cxx    = $(CXX) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)

.PHONY: all objs tags ctags clean distclean help show

# Delete the default suffixes

.SUFFIXES:

all: $(PROGRAM)

# Rules for creating dependency files (.d).

#------------------------------------------

.%.d:%.c

    @echo -n $(dir $<) > [email protected]

    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> [email protected]

.%.d:%.C

    @echo -n $(dir $<) > [email protected]

    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> [email protected]

.%.d:%.cc

    @echo -n $(dir $<) > [email protected]

    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> [email protected]

.%.d:%.cpp

    @echo -n $(dir $<) > [email protected]

    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> [email protected]

.%.d:%.CPP

    @echo -n $(dir $<) > [email protected]

    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> [email protected]

.%.d:%.c++

    @echo -n $(dir $<) > [email protected]

    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> [email protected]

.%.d:%.cp

    @echo -n $(dir $<) > [email protected]

    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> [email protected]

.%.d:%.cxx

    @echo -n $(dir $<) > [email protected]

    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> [email protected]

# Rules for generating object files (.o).

#----------------------------------------

objs:$(OBJS)

%.o:%.c

    $(COMPILE.c) $< -o [email protected]

%.o:%.C

    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o [email protected]

%.o:%.cc

    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o [email protected]

%.o:%.cpp

    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o [email protected]

%.o:%.CPP

    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o [email protected]

%.o:%.c++

    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o [email protected]

%.o:%.cp

    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o [email protected]

%.o:%.cxx

    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o [email protected]

# Rules for generating the tags.

#-------------------------------------

tags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

    $(ETAGS) $(ETAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

ctags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

    $(CTAGS) $(CTAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

# Rules for generating the executable.

#-------------------------------------

$(PROGRAM):$(OBJS)

ifeq ($(SRC_CXX),)              # C program

    $(LINK.c)   $(OBJS) $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS) -o [email protected]

    @echo Type ./[email protected] to execute the program.

else                            # C++ program

    $(LINK.cxx) $(OBJS) $(EXTRA_LDFLAGS) -o [email protected]

    @echo Type ./[email protected] to execute the program.

endif

ifndef NODEP

ifneq ($(DEPS),)

  sinclude $(DEPS)

endif

endif

clean:

    $(RM) $(OBJS) $(PROGRAM) $(PROGRAM).exe

distclean: clean

    $(RM) $(DEPS) TAGS

# Show help.

help:

    @echo 'Generic Makefile for C/C++ Programs (gcmakefile) version 0.5'

    @echo 'Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 whyglinux <[email protected]>'

    @echo

    @echo 'Usage: make [TARGET]'

    @echo 'TARGETS:'

    @echo '  all       (=make) compile and link.'

    @echo '  NODEP=yes make without generating dependencies.'

    @echo '  objs      compile only (no linking).'

    @echo '  tags      create tags for Emacs editor.'

    @echo '  ctags     create ctags for VI editor.'

    @echo '  clean     clean objects and the executable file.'

    @echo '  distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies.'

    @echo '  show      show variables (for debug use only).'

    @echo '  help      print this message.'

    @echo

    @echo 'Report bugs to <whyglinux AT gmail DOT com>.'

# Show variables (for debug use only.)

show:

    @echo 'PROGRAM     :' $(PROGRAM)

    @echo 'SRCDIRS     :' $(SRCDIRS)

    @echo 'HEADERS     :' $(HEADERS)

    @echo 'SOURCES     :' $(SOURCES)

    @echo 'SRC_CXX     :' $(SRC_CXX)

    @echo 'OBJS        :' $(OBJS)

    @echo 'DEPS        :' $(DEPS)

    @echo 'DEPEND      :' $(DEPEND)

    @echo 'DEPEND.d    :' $(DEPEND.d)

    @echo 'COMPILE.c   :' $(COMPILE.c)

    @echo 'COMPILE.cxx :' $(COMPILE.cxx)

    @echo 'link.c      :' $(LINK.c)

    @echo 'link.cxx    :' $(LINK.cxx)

## End of the Makefile ##  Suggestions are welcome  ## All rights reserved ##

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