python日期识别

        通过jieba切分语句，根据词性提取时间，再利用正则表达式匹配日期，最后输出识别日期。

        可以识别：今天几号？上周一的时间是？27号到30号？15号？我要订今天到后天的房间。从2019年4月28号下午3时10分27秒到2019年5月4号。前天上午12点等。

        识别的结果受jieba分词的影响，如果想要效果更好，可以自己用HMM训练分词，用双向匹配分词，条件随机场，神经网络等根据自己的需求训练自己的分词。

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# author:SingWeek

import re
from datetime import datetime,timedelta
from dateutil.parser import parse
import jieba.posseg as psg

UTIL_CN_NUM={'零':0,'一':1,'二':2,'三':3,'四':4,'五':5,'六':6,'七':7,'八':8,'九':9,'0':0,'1':1,'2':2,'3':3,'4':4,'5':5,'6':6,'7':7,'8':8,'9':9}
UTIL_CN_UNIT={'十':10,'百':100,'千':1000,'万':10000}

def get_lastweek(day=1):
    d = datetime.now()
    dayscount = timedelta(days=d.isoweekday())
    dayto = d - dayscount
    sixdays = timedelta(days=7-day)
    dayfrom = dayto - sixdays
    date_from = datetime(dayfrom.year, dayfrom.month, dayfrom.day, 0, 0, 0)
    return str(date_from)[0:4]+'年'+str(date_from)[5:7]+'月'+str(date_from)[8:10]+'日'

def get_nextweek(day=1):
    d = datetime.now()
    dayscount = timedelta(days=d.isoweekday())
    dayto = d - dayscount
    sixdays = timedelta(days=-7-day)
    dayfrom = dayto - sixdays
    date_from = datetime(dayfrom.year, dayfrom.month, dayfrom.day, 0, 0, 0)
    return str(date_from)[0:4]+'年'+str(date_from)[5:7]+'月'+str(date_from)[8:10]+'日'

def get_week(day=1):
    d = datetime.now()
    dayscount = timedelta(days=d.isoweekday())
    dayto = d - dayscount
    sixdays = timedelta(days=-day)
    dayfrom = dayto - sixdays
    date_from = datetime(dayfrom.year, dayfrom.month, dayfrom.day, 0, 0, 0)
    return str(date_from)[0:4]+'年'+str(date_from)[5:7]+'月'+str(date_from)[8:10]+'日'

def check_time_valid(word):
    m=re.match("\d+$",word)
    if m:
        if len(word)<=6:
            return None
    word1=re.sub('[号|日]\d+$','日',word)
    if word1!=word:
        return check_time_valid(word)
    else:
        return word1

def cn2dig(src):
    if src=="":
        return None
    m=re.match("\d+",src)
    if m:
        return int(m.group(0))
    rsl=0
    unit=1
    for item in src[::-1]:
        if item in UTIL_CN_UNIT.keys():
            unit=UTIL_CN_UNIT[item]
        elif item in UTIL_CN_NUM.keys():
            num=UTIL_CN_NUM[item]
            rsl+=num*unit
        else:
            return None
    if rsl<unit:
        rsl+=unit
    return rsl

def year2dig(year):
    res=''
    for item in year:
        if item in UTIL_CN_NUM.keys():
            res=res+str(UTIL_CN_NUM[item])
        else:
            res=res+item
    m=re.match("\d+",res)
    if m:
        if len(m.group(0))==2:
            return int(datetime.today().year/100)*100+int(m.group(0))
        else:
            return int(m.group(0))
    else:
        return None

def parse_datetime(msg):
    tmptime= datetime.today().strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d{d}%H{h}%M{m}%S{s}').format(y='年',m='月',d='日', h='时', M='分',s='秒')#获取年月日时分秒
    if msg is None or len(msg)==0:
        return None
    try:
        dt=parse(msg,fuzzy=True)
        return dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s')
    except Exception as e:
        m = re.match("([0-9零一二三四五六七八九十]+年)?([0-9零一二三四五六七八九十]+月)?([0-9零一二三四五六七八九十]+[号日])?([上中下午晚早]+)?([0-9零一二三四五六七八九十百]+[点:时])?([0-9零一二三四五六七八九十百]+分)?([0-9零一二三四五六七八九十百]+秒)?",msg)
        if m.group(0) is not None:
            res={"year":m.group(1) if m.group(1) is not None else str(tmptime[0:5]),
                 "month":m.group(2) if m.group(2) is not None else str(tmptime[5:8]),
                 "day":m.group(3) if m.group(3) is not None else str(tmptime[8:11]),
                 "hour":m.group(5) if m.group(5) is not None else '00',
                 "minute": m.group(6) if m.group(6) is not None else '00',
                 "second": m.group(7) if m.group(7) is not None else '00',}
            # print("匹配",res)
            params={}
            for name in res:
                if res[name] is not None and len(res[name]) !=0:
                    tmp=None
                    if name=='year':
                        tmp=year2dig(res[name][:-1])
                    else:#时间格式转换
                        tmp=cn2dig(res[name][:-1])
                    if tmp is not None:
                        params[name]=int(tmp)
            # print("----------------------》",params)
            target_date=datetime.today().replace(**params)#用新的时间参数替换当前的时间
            is_pm=m.group(4)
            if is_pm is not None:
                if is_pm==u'下午' or is_pm==u'晚上' or is_pm=='中午':
                    hour=params['hour']
                    if hour<12:
                        target_date=target_date.replace(hour=hour+12)
            return target_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
        else:
            return None

def time_extract(text):
    time_res=[]
    word=''
    keyDate={'今天':0,'明天':1,'后天':2,'昨天':-1,'前天':-2}
    timedic=['时','分','到']
    tmptext=[]
    for k,v in psg.cut(text):
        tmptext.append([k,v])
    for i in range(len(tmptext)):
        k,v=tmptext[i][0],tmptext[i][1]
        if k in keyDate:#今天、明天、后天、昨天、前天具体时间提取计算
            word = (datetime.today() + timedelta(days=keyDate.get(k, 0))).strftime('%Y{y}%m{m}%d{d}').format(y='年',m='月',d='日')
        elif k =='到':#时间段提取
            if word!='':
                time_res.append(word)
                word = ''
        elif word != '':
            if v in ['m', 't']:
                try:
                    if tmptext[i+1][0] in timedic:
                        word = word + k+tmptext[i+1][0]
                    else:
                        word = word + k
                except:
                    word = word + k
            elif k not in timedic:
                time_res.append(word)
                word = ''
        elif v in ['m', 't']:
            word = k
    if word != '':
        time_res.append(word)
    tmp_time_res = []
    for i in range(len(time_res)):
        if time_res[i][:2] in ['上周','下周']:
            if time_res[i][2:3] in UTIL_CN_NUM.keys():
                day=UTIL_CN_NUM[time_res[i][2:3]]
                if time_res[i][:2]=='上周':
                    tmp_time_res.append(get_lastweek(day)+time_res[i][3:])
                else:
                    tmp_time_res.append(get_nextweek(day) + time_res[i][3:])
        elif time_res[i][:1] == '周':
            if time_res[i][1:2] in UTIL_CN_NUM.keys():
                day=UTIL_CN_NUM[time_res[i][1:2]]
                if time_res[i][:1]=='周':
                    tmp_time_res.append(get_week(day)+time_res[i][2:])
        else:
            tmp_time_res.append(time_res[i])
    time_res=tmp_time_res
    try:
        print("匹配字符串：",time_res)
        result=list(filter(lambda x:x is not None, [check_time_valid(w) for w in time_res]))
        final_res=[parse_datetime(w) for w in result]
        return [x for x in final_res if x is not None]
    except:
        return None

# test1="我要预定2019年1月28号3时10分27秒房间"
# test1="预定2019年1月28号下午3时10分27秒住到2019年3月17号"
# test1="我要订今天到明天的房间"
# test1="15号行程安排"
# test1="上周一下午5点集合"
# test1="27号到30号"
test1="今天多少号"
print(test1,time_extract(test1),sep=":")