1.Ingress概述
- Ingress 是对集群中服务的外部访问进行管理的 API 对象,典型的访问方式是 HTTP和HTTPS。
- Ingress 可以提供负载均衡、SSL 和基于名称的虚拟托管。
- 必须具有 ingress 控制器【例如 ingress-nginx】才能满足 Ingress 的要求。仅创建 Ingress 资源无效。
1.1Ingress 是什么
Ingress 公开了从集群外部到集群内 services 的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 路由。 流量路由由 Ingress 资源上定义的规则控制。
1 internet
2 |
3 [ Ingress ]
4 --|-----|--
5 [ Services ]
可以将 Ingress 配置为提供服务外部可访问的 URL、负载均衡流量、 SSL / TLS,以及提供基于名称的虚拟主机。Ingress 控制器 通常负责通过负载均衡器来实现 Ingress,尽管它也可以配置边缘路由器或其他前端来帮助处理流量。
Ingress 不会公开任意端口或协议。若将 HTTP 和 HTTPS 以外的服务公开到 Internet 时,通常使用 Service.Type=NodePort 或者 Service.Type=LoadBalancer 类型的服务。
以Nginx Ingress为例,图如下
2.Ingress示例
2.1架构图
2.2部署Ingress-Nginx
1)镜像下载与重命名
docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
docker tag 89ccad40ce8e quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
docker rmi registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
2)ingress-nginx的yaml文件修改后并启动
# 当前目录
[root@k8s-master ingress]# pwd
/root/k8s_practice/ingress
# 获取NGINX: 0.30.0
[root@k8s-master ingress]# wget https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/archive/nginx-0.30.0.tar.gz
[root@k8s-master ingress]# tar xf nginx-0.30.0.tar.gz
# yaml文件在下载包中的位置:ingress-nginx-nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cp -a ingress-nginx-nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml ./
[root@k8s-master ingress]#
# yaml文件配置修改
[root@k8s-master ingress]# vim mandatory.yaml
………………
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet # 从Deployment改为DaemonSet
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
#replicas: 1 # 注释掉
………………
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/hostname: k8s-master # 修改处
# 如下几行为新加行 作用【允许在master节点运行】
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
………………
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
hostPort: 80 # 添加处【可在宿主机通过该端口访问Pod】
protocol: TCP
- name: https
containerPort: 443
hostPort: 443 # 添加处【可在宿主机通过该端口访问Pod】
protocol: TCP
………………
[root@k8s-master ingress]#
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl apply -f mandatory.yaml
namespace/ingress-nginx created
configmap/nginx-configuration created
configmap/tcp-services created
configmap/udp-services created
serviceaccount/nginx-ingress-serviceaccount created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-clusterrole created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-role created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding created
daemonset.apps/nginx-ingress-controller created
limitrange/ingress-nginx created
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get ds -n ingress-nginx -o wide
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR
nginx-ingress-controller 1 1 1 1 1 kubernetes.io/hostname=k8s-master 9m47s nginx-ingress-controller quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0 app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/part-of=ingress-nginx
[root@k8s-master ingress]#
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-ingress-controller-rrbh9 1/1 Running 0 9m55s 10.244.0.46 k8s-master <none> <none>
2.3deply_service1的yaml信息
1)yaml文件
[root@k8s-master ingress]# pwd
/root/k8s_practice/ingress
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat deply_service1.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: myapp-deploy1
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: myapp
release: v1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myapp
release: v1
env: test
spec:
containers:
- name: myapp
image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: myapp-clusterip1
namespace: default
spec:
type: ClusterIP # 默认类型
selector:
app: myapp
release: v1
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
2)启动Deployment和Service
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl apply -f deply_service1.yaml
deployment.apps/myapp-deploy1 created
service/myapp-clusterip1 created
3)查看Deploy状态和信息
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get deploy,rs,po -o wide --show-labels
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
deployment.apps/myapp-deploy1 3/3 3 3 2m47s myapp registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1 app=myapp,release=v1 <none>
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
replicaset.apps/myapp-deploy1-6c468d6b6c 3 3 3 2m47s myapp registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1 app=myapp,pod-template-hash=6c468d6b6c,release=v1 app=myapp,env=test,pod-template-hash=6c468d6b6c,release=v1
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES LABELS
pod/myapp-deploy1-6c468d6b6c-fbcln 1/1 Running 0 2m47s 10.244.2.5 k8s-node2 <none> <none> app=myapp,env=test,pod-template-hash=6c468d6b6c,release=v1
pod/myapp-deploy1-6c468d6b6c-shz6z 1/1 Running 0 2m47s 10.244.2.6 k8s-node2 <none> <none> app=myapp,env=test,pod-template-hash=6c468d6b6c,release=v1
pod/myapp-deploy1-6c468d6b6c-zqn7b 1/1 Running 0 2m47s 10.244.1.6 k8s-node1 <none> <none> app=myapp,env=test,pod-template-hash=6c468d6b6c,release=v1
4)curl访问pod
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl 10.244.2.5
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl 10.244.2.6
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl 10.244.1.6
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
5)查看Service状态和信息
1 [root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get svc -o wide
2 NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
3 kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 19d <none>
4 myapp-clusterip1 ClusterIP 10.104.146.14 <none> 80/TCP 5m38s app=myapp,release=v1
6)curl访问svc
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get svc -o wide
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 6h48m <none>
myapp-clusterip1 ClusterIP 10.103.139.138 <none> 80/TCP 4m9s app=myapp,release=v1
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl 10.103.139.138
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl 10.103.139.138/hostname.html
myapp-deploy1-6c468d6b6c-shz6z
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl 10.103.139.138/hostname.html
myapp-deploy1-6c468d6b6c-zqn7b
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl 10.103.139.138/hostname.html
myapp-deploy1-6c468d6b6c-fbcln
2.4deply_service2的yaml信息
1)yaml文件
[root@k8s-master ingress]# pwd
/root/k8s_practice/ingress
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat deply_service2.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: myapp-deploy2
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: myapp
release: v2
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myapp
release: v2
env: test
spec:
containers:
- name: myapp
image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v2
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: myapp-clusterip2
namespace: default
spec:
type: ClusterIP # 默认类型
selector:
app: myapp
release: v2
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl apply -f deply_service2.yaml
deployment.apps/myapp-deploy2 created
service/myapp-clusterip2 created
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get deploy,rs,po -o wide --show-labels -l "release=v2"
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR LABELS
replicaset.apps/myapp-deploy2-5fffdcccd5 3 3 3 50s myapp registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v2 app=myapp,pod-template-hash=5fffdcccd5,release=v2 app=myapp,env=test,pod-template-hash=5fffdcccd5,release=v2
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES LABELS
pod/myapp-deploy2-5fffdcccd5-4qn5c 1/1 Running 0 50s 10.244.2.7 k8s-node2 <none> <none> app=myapp,env=test,pod-template-hash=5fffdcccd5,release=v2
pod/myapp-deploy2-5fffdcccd5-gvcqp 1/1 Running 0 50s 10.244.1.8 k8s-node1 <none> <none> app=myapp,env=test,pod-template-hash=5fffdcccd5,release=v2
pod/myapp-deploy2-5fffdcccd5-pbqqp 1/1 Running 0 50s 10.244.1.7 k8s-node1 <none> <none> app=myapp,env=test,pod-template-hash=5fffdcccd5,release=v2
4)查看Service状态和信息
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get svc -o wide
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE SELECTOR
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 6h51m <none>
myapp-clusterip1 ClusterIP 10.103.139.138 <none> 80/TCP 7m36s app=myapp,release=v1
myapp-clusterip2 ClusterIP 10.107.114.166 <none> 80/TCP 114s app=myapp,release=v2
5)curl访问svc
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl 10.107.114.166
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl 10.107.114.166/hostname.html
myapp-deploy2-5fffdcccd5-pbqqp
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl 10.107.114.166/hostname.html
myapp-deploy2-5fffdcccd5-4qn5c
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl 10.107.114.166/hostname.html
myapp-deploy2-5fffdcccd5-gvcqp
2.5Ingress HTTP代理访问
1)yaml文件【由于自建的service在默认default名称空间,因此这里也是default名称空间】
[root@k8s-master ingress]# pwd
/root/k8s_practice/ingress
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat ingress-http.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: nginx-http
namespace: default
spec:
rules:
- host: www.zhangtest.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: myapp-clusterip1
servicePort: 80
- host: blog.zhangtest.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: myapp-clusterip2
servicePort: 80
2)启动ingress http并查看状态
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-http.yaml
Warning: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1 Ingress is deprecated in v1.19+, unavailable in v1.22+; use networking.k8s.io/v1 Ingress
ingress.networking.k8s.io/nginx-http created
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get ingress -o wide
Warning: extensions/v1beta1 Ingress is deprecated in v1.14+, unavailable in v1.22+; use networking.k8s.io/v1 Ingress
NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
nginx-http <none> www.zhangtest.com,blog.zhangtest.com 80 9s
3)查看nginx配置文件
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -A | grep 'ingre'
ingress-nginx nginx-ingress-controller-rrbh9 1/1 Running 0 27m
[root@k8s-master ~]#
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl exec -it -n ingress-nginx nginx-ingress-controller-rrbh9 bash
bash-5.0$ cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
…………
##### 可见server www.zhangtest.com 和 server blog.zhangtest.com的配置
4)hosts文件修改,添加如下信息
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.3.104.51 k8s-master
10.3.104.52 k8s-node1
10.3.104.56 k8s-node2
185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
10.3.104.51 www.zhangtest.com blog.zhangtest.com
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl www.zhangtest.com
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[root@k8s-master ingress]# curl blog.zhangtest.com
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
2.6Ingress HTTPS代理访问
1)ssl证书创建
[root@k8s-master cert]# pwd
/root/k8s_practice/ingress/cert
[root@k8s-master cert]# openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BeiJing/O=BTC/OU=MOST/CN=zhang/[email protected]"
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......................................................+++
........................+++
writing new private key to 'tls.key'
-----
[root@k8s-master cert]# kubectl create secret tls tls-secret --key tls.key --cert tls.crt
secret/tls-secret created
2)创建ingress https
yaml文件【由于自建的service在默认default名称空间,因此这里也是default名称空间】
[root@k8s-master ingress]# pwd
/root/k8s_practice/ingress
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cat ingress-https.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: nginx-https
namespace: default
spec:
tls:
- hosts:
- www.zhangtest.com
- blog.zhangtest.com
secretName: tls-secret
rules:
- host: www.zhangtest.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: myapp-clusterip1
servicePort: 80
- host: blog.zhangtest.com
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: myapp-clusterip2
servicePort: 80
3)启动ingress https并查看状态
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-https.yaml
ingress.networking.k8s.io/nginx-https created
[root@k8s-master ingress]#
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get ingress -o wide
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
nginx-https www.zhangtest.com,blog.zhangtest.com 80, 443 8s
作者:杰宏唯一