python smtplib 发送邮件简单介绍

SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则，由它来控制信件的中转方式

python的smtplib提供了一种很方便的途径发送电子邮件。它对smtp协议进行了简单的封装。

Python创建 SMTP 对象语法:

　　import smtplib

　　smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )

参数说明：

　　host: SMTP 服务器主机。你可以指定主机的ip地址或者域名如: runoob.com，这个是可选参数。

　　port: 如果你提供了 host 参数, 你需要指定 SMTP 服务使用的端口号，一般情况下 SMTP 端口号为25。

　　local_hostname: 如果 SMTP 在你的本机上，你只需要指定服务器地址为 localhost 即可。

Python SMTP 对象使用 sendmail 方法发送邮件，语法如下:

　　SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]

　　from_addr: 邮件发送者地址。

　　to_addrs: 字符串列表，邮件发送地址。

　　msg: 发送消息

# 使用163邮箱给自己发邮件信息

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

mail_host = "smtp.163.com"
mail_user = "[email protected]"
mail_pass = "aaaaaa"

sender = "[email protected]"
receivers = ["[email protected]"]

message = MIMEText("python 邮件测试","plain","utf-8")
message["From"] = Header("ceshi","utf-8")
message["To"] = Header("CESHI","UTF-8")

subject = "python semp email ceshi ...."
message["Subject"] = Header(subject,"utf-8")

try:
    smtpOBJ = smtplib.SMTP()
    smtpOBJ.connect(mail_host, 25)
    smtpOBJ.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
    smtpOBJ.sendmail(sender,receivers,message.as_string())
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print("error")

# 使用163邮箱发送信息，带附件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header

mail_host = "smtp.163.com"
mail_user = "[email protected]"
mail_pass = "aaaaa"

sender = "[email protected]"
receivers = ["[email protected]"]

message = MIMEMultipart()
message["From"] = Header("wo","utf-8")
message["To"] = Header("ni","utf-8")
subject = "python smtp text, 附件"
message["Subject"] = Header("subject","utf-8")

message.attach(MIMEText('这是菜鸟教程Python 邮件发送测试……', 'plain', 'utf-8'))

att1 = MIMEText(open("tt.yaml","r").read(),"base64","utf-8")
att1["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream"
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="tt.yaml"'
message.attach(att1)

try:
    smtpOBJ = smtplib.SMTP()
    smtpOBJ.connect(mail_host, 25)
    smtpOBJ.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
    smtpOBJ.sendmail(sender,receivers,message.as_string())
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print("error")

# 使用163邮箱发送信息，带附件和html

在 HTML 文本中添加图片

邮件的 HTML 文本中一般邮件服务商添加外链是无效的，正确添加突破的实例如下所示：

import smtplib
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

mail_host = "smtp.163.com"
mail_user = "[email protected]"
mail_pass = "abc115698"

sender = "[email protected]"
receivers = ["[email protected]"]

msgRoot = MIMEMultipart("related")
msgRoot["From"] = Header("wo")
msgRoot["To"] = Header("ni")
subject = "Python SMTP 邮件测试,html + 图片"
msgRoot["Subject"] = Header(subject,"utf-8")

msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative)

mail_msg = """
<p>Python 邮件发送测试...</p>
<p><a href="http://www.runoob.com">菜鸟教程链接</a></p>
<p>图片演示：</p>
<p><img src="cid:image1"></p>
"""
msgAlternative.attach(MIMEText(mail_msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))

fb = open("1111.jpg","rb")
msgImage = MIMEImage(fb.read())
fb.close()

msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
msgRoot.attach(msgImage)

try:
    smtpOBJ = smtplib.SMTP()
    smtpOBJ.connect(mail_host, 25)
    smtpOBJ.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
    smtpOBJ.sendmail(sender,receivers,msgRoot.as_string())
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print("error")

# 验证开通邮箱的smtp协议的授权码，并验证登录

验证代码：

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.163.com",25)
server.login("[email protected]","aaaaaa")
MSG = MIMEText("hello,send by python..","plain","utf-8")
server.sendmail("[email protected]",["[email protected]"],MSG.as_string())

参考链接： http://www.runoob.com