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QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项

QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项

一、QtCreator菜单栏简介

1、QtCreator菜单简介

QtCreator菜单栏如下:

QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项

QtCreator默认菜单包括“文件”、“编辑”、“工具”、“窗体”、“帮助”。“构建”、“调试”、“分析”由插件提供,不是QtCreator的默认菜单。在“帮助”菜单中的“关于插件”对话框中将所有可以取消的插件取消后重启QtCreator,得到QtCreator默认菜单如下:

QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项

2、Core::ActionManager简介

QtCreator主程序仅仅是一个插件加载器。QtCreator所提供的所有功能都是通过插件实现的。QtCreator最主要的一个插件叫做Core插件。如果没有Core插件,QtCreator将没有插件加载功能。

Core插件的关键组件是ActionManager。ActionManager的作用是注册菜单、菜单项以及键盘快捷键。如果想要添加新的菜单或菜单项,就需要使用ActionManager。

为了访问ActionManager,可以使用下面的代码:

#include <coreplugin/actionmanager/actionmanager.h>
#include <coreplugin/icore.h>
Core::ActionManager* am = Core::ICore::instance()->actionManager();           

3、Core::ActionContainer简介

ActionContianer表示QtCreator中的菜单或者菜单栏。通常不会直接创建ActionContainer的实例,而通过ActionManager::createMenu()、ActionManager::createMenuBar()函数进行访问。

QtCreator每一个默认菜单都关联一个ActionContainer对象。给定一个菜单,获取其关联的ActionContainer对象,可以使用下面的代码:

#include <coreplugin/coreconstants.h>
#include <coreplugin/actionmanager/actionmanager.h>
#include <coreplugin/actionmanager/actioncontainer.h>
#include <coreplugin/icore.h>

Core::ActionManager* am = Core::ICore::instance()->actionManager();
Core::ActionContainer* ac = am->actionContainer(ID);           

QtCreator每个菜单的ID如下:

QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项

每个ID都是Core命名空间中的静态const char *常量,$$QT_CREATOR_ROOT/src/plugins/coreplugin/coreconstants.h文件中定义了这些常量。

如果想要访问“Help”菜单,可以使用如下的代码:

#include <coreplugin/coreconstants.h>
#include <coreplugin/actionmanager/actionmanager.h>
#include <coreplugin/actionmanager/actioncontainer.h>
#include <coreplugin/icore.h>

Core::ActionManager* am = Core::ICore::instance()->actionManager();
Core::ActionContainer* ac =     am->actionContainer( Core::Constants::M_HELP );           

二、添加菜单项

如果将DoNothing插件添加到“Help”菜单,增加为“About DoNothing”菜单项。

DoNothingPlugin.cpp文件修改如下:

#include <coreplugin/coreconstants.h>
#include <coreplugin/actionmanager/actionmanager.h>
#include <coreplugin/actionmanager/actioncontainer.h>
#include <coreplugin/icore.h>
#include <QMenu>

bool DoNothingPlugin::initialize(const QStringList& args, QString *errMsg)
{
    Q_UNUSED(args);
    Q_UNUSED(errMsg);

    Core::ActionManager* am = Core::ICore::instance()->actionManager();
    Core::ActionContainer* ac = am->actionContainer(Core::Constants::M_HELP);
    QAction* aboutDoNothing = ac->menu()->addAction(QString::fromUtf8("About DoNothing"));

    return true;
}           

编译后启动QtCreator,菜单如下:

QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项

虽然可以使用上述方法添加菜单项,但并不是推荐的方式。QtCreator中的菜单项必须在Keyboard Shortcuts参数界面中列出。

通过注册菜单项,可以实现QtCreator中的菜单项在Keyboard Shortcuts参数界面中列出。

三、注册菜单项

QtCreator的所有菜单项都应该出现在键盘选择里面的“Keyboard Shortcuts” 中。

Core::Command类表示一个action动作,例如菜单项menu item、工具按钮tool button,或者是快捷键shortcut。开发者不能直接创建Command对象,而是使用ActionManager::registerAction()注册一个 action,然后获取返回值,其返回值就是一个Command。Command对象表示用户可见的action及其属性。

下面代码显示了如何为DoNothing插件注册“About DoNothing” 菜单项:

#include <coreplugin/coreconstants.h>
#include <coreplugin/actionmanager/actionmanager.h>
#include <coreplugin/actionmanager/command.h>
#include <coreplugin/icore.h>

#include <QKeySequence>
#include <QAction>

bool DoNothingPlugin::initialize(const QStringList& args, QString *errMsg)
{
    Q_UNUSED(args);
    Q_UNUSED(errMsg);

    // Fetch the action manager
    Core::ActionManager* am = Core::ICore::instance()->actionManager();

    // Create a command for "About DoNothing".
    Core::Command* cmd = am->registerAction(
                new QAction(this),
                "DoNothingPlugin.AboutDoNothing",
                Core::Context(Core::Constants::C_GLOBAL));
    cmd->action()->setText(QString::fromUtf8("About DoNothing"));

    // Add the command to Help menu
    am->actionContainer(Core::Constants::M_HELP)->addAction(cmd);

    return true;
}           

编译后运行,About DoNothing菜单项已经出现在Help菜单的开始位置。

QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项

使用注册方式添加菜单项,可以在Keyboard Shortcuts参数界面中列出About DoNothing菜单项,并可以关联快捷键。

QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项

四、响应菜单项

DoNothing插件已经作为一个菜单项加入到QtCreator中。既然菜单项就是一个QAction,可以通过连接triggered(bool)或者toggled(bool)信号,并增加响应trigger、toggled事件的槽函数。

插件类的实现如下:

DoNothingPlugin.h文件:

#ifndef DONOTHINGPLUGIN_H
#define DONOTHINGPLUGIN_H

#include <extensionsystem/iplugin.h>

class DoNothingPlugin : public ExtensionSystem::IPlugin
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    DoNothingPlugin();
    ~DoNothingPlugin();

    void extensionsInitialized();
    bool initialize(const QStringList & arguments, QString * errorString);
    void shutdown();
protected slots:
    void doNothing();
};
#endif // DONOTHINGPLUGIN_H           

DoNothingPlugin.cpp文件:

#include "DoNothingPlugin.h"
#include <QtPlugin>
#include <QStringList>
#include <coreplugin/coreconstants.h>
#include <coreplugin/actionmanager/actionmanager.h>
#include <coreplugin/actionmanager/actioncontainer.h>
#include <coreplugin/icore.h>
#include <QKeySequence>
#include <QAction>
#include <QMessageBox>

DoNothingPlugin::DoNothingPlugin()
{
    // Do nothing
}

DoNothingPlugin::~DoNothingPlugin()
{
    // Do notning
}

bool DoNothingPlugin::initialize(const QStringList& args, QString *errMsg)
{
    Q_UNUSED(args);
    Q_UNUSED(errMsg);

    // Fetch the action manager
    Core::ActionManager* am = Core::ICore::instance()->actionManager();

    // Create a command for "About DoNothing".
    Core::Command* cmd = am->registerAction(
                new QAction(this),
                "DoNothingPlugin.AboutDoNothing",
                Core::Context(Core::Constants::C_GLOBAL));
    cmd->action()->setText(QString::fromUtf8("About DoNothing"));
    // Add the command to Help menu
    am->actionContainer(Core::Constants::M_HELP)->addAction(cmd);

    connect(cmd->action(), SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(doNothing()));
    return true;
}

void DoNothingPlugin::extensionsInitialized()
{
    // Do nothing
}

void DoNothingPlugin::shutdown()
{
    // Do nothing
}

void DoNothingPlugin::doNothing()
{
    QMessageBox::information(
            0,
            QString::fromUtf8("About DoNothing Plugin"),
            QString::fromUtf8("Seriously dude, this plugin does nothing")
        );
}

Q_EXPORT_PLUGIN(DoNothingPlugin)           

编译后运行QtCreator,点击DoNothing菜单项:

QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项QtCreator插件开发(二)——QtCreator菜单和菜单项

使用Qt Creator主窗口作为弹出消息对话框的parent,代码修改如下:

void DoNothingPlugin::doNothing()
{
    QMessageBox::information(
        Core::ICore::instance()->mainWindow(),
        "About DoNothing Plugin",
        "Seriously dude, this plugin does nothing");
}           

五、添加菜单

向QtCreator添加菜单不能使用Core::Command,而是使用Core::ActionContainer,将其添加到MENU_BAR上面。代码如下:

#include <QMenu>

bool DoNothingPlugin::initialize(const QStringList& args, QString *errMsg)
{
    Q_UNUSED(args);
    Q_UNUSED(errMsg);

    // Fetch the action manager
    Core::ActionManager* am = Core::ICore::instance()->actionManager();

    // Create a DoNothing menu
    Core::ActionContainer* ac =     am->createMenu("DoNothingPlugin.DoNothingMenu");
    ac->menu()->setTitle(QString::fromUtf8("DoNothing"));
    // Create a command for "About DoNothing".
    Core::Command* cmd = am->registerAction(
                new QAction(this),
                "DoNothingPlugin.AboutDoNothing",
                Core::Context(Core::Constants::C_GLOBAL));
    cmd->action()->setText(QString::fromUtf8("About DoNothing"));
    connect(cmd->action(), SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(doNothing()));
    // Add DoNothing menu to the menubar
    am->actionContainer(Core::Constants::MENU_BAR)->addMenu(ac);
    // Add the "About DoNothing" action to the DoNothing menu
    ac->addAction(cmd);

    return true;
}           

六、定位菜单、菜单项位置

#include <QMenuBar>

bool DoNothingPlugin::initialize(const QStringList& args, QString *errMsg)
{
    Q_UNUSED(args);
    Q_UNUSED(errMsg);

    Core::ActionManager* am = Core::ICore::instance()->actionManager();

    // Create a DoNothing menu
    Core::ActionContainer* ac =         am->createMenu("DoNothingPlugin.DoNothingMenu");
    ac->menu()->setTitle(QString::fromUtf8("DoNothing"));
    // Create a command for "About DoNothing".
    Core::Command* cmd = am->registerAction(
                new QAction(this),
                "DoNothingPlugin.AboutDoNothing",
                Core::Context(Core::Constants::C_GLOBAL));
    cmd->action()->setText(QString::fromUtf8("About DoNothing"));
    connect(cmd->action(), SIGNAL(triggered(bool)), this, SLOT(doNothing()));
    // Insert the "DoNothing" menu between "Window" and "Help".
    QMenu* helpMenu =   am->actionContainer(Core::Constants::M_HELP)->menu();
    QMenuBar* menuBar =     am->actionContainer(Core::Constants::MENU_BAR)->menuBar();
    menuBar->insertMenu(helpMenu->menuAction(), ac->menu());
    // Add the "About DoNothing" action to the DoNothing menu
    ac->addAction(cmd);

    return true;
}           

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