Android开发之蓝牙操作

蓝牙操作

一、什么是蓝牙

1、Bluetooth广泛使用的一种无线通讯协议

2、主要针对短距离通讯（10m）

3、常用于耳机、鼠标、键盘等移动通讯设备

二、与蓝牙相关的API

1、BluetoothAdapter：代表本地蓝牙设备

2、BluetoothDevice：代表远程蓝牙设备

三、蓝牙需要的设置

需要在AndroidManifest中申明蓝牙操作的权限

四、扫描已经配对的蓝牙设备

1、获取BluetoothAdapter对象

    BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter()

2、判断当前设备中是否有蓝牙设备

    if(adapter != null){}

3、判断当前设备中的蓝牙设备是否已经打开

    使用adapter.isEnabled()方法

4、得到所有已经配对的蓝牙设备

    Set devices = adapter.getBondedDevices();

五、设置蓝牙设备的可见性

1、创建intent对象：

    Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);

2、设置可见性的时间，最大300s，超过300s系统会自动设为300s

    discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);

3、启动Android内置activity，将参数传入

    startActivity(discoverableIntent);

六、扫描周围可见的蓝牙

1、调用startDiscovery()来扫描周围可见设备

    BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().startDiscovery();

2、每次扫描到系统就会发送广播

    A、创建一个过滤器，过滤广播ACTION_FOUND

       IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);

    B、创建一个广播接收器

       BluetoothReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BluetoothReceiver();

    C、 注册接收器

       registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter);

    D、在广播中取出数据

       String action = intent.getAction();

       //从intent取出远程蓝牙设备

       BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

七、源代码

MainActivity.java

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package com.example.bluetooth;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.Set;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.app.SearchManager.OnCancelListener;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;

import android.content.Context;

import android.content.DialogInterface;

import android.content.IntentFilter;

import android.content.DialogInterface.OnClickListener;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.view.View;

import android.webkit.WebView.FindListener;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.EditText;

public class MainActivity extends Activity

{

    private Button findBtn = null;

    private Button scanBtn = null;

    private Button setBtn = null;

    private EditText edit1 = null;

    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)

    {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //找到按钮

        findBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.findBtn);

        scanBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.scanBtn);

        setBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.setBtn);

        //设置监听器

        findBtn.setOnClickListener(new btnOnclickListener());

        scanBtn.setOnClickListener(new btnOnclickListener());

        setBtn.setOnClickListener(new btnOnclickListener());

        edit1 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.edit1);

        //创建一个过滤器，过滤广播ACTION_FOUND

        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);

        //创建一个广播接收器

        BluetoothReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BluetoothReceiver();

        //注册接收器

        registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter);

    }

    class btnOnclickListener implements android.view.View.OnClickListener

        @Override

        public void onClick(View v)

        {

            // TODO Auto-generated method stub

            switch(v.getId())

            {

                case R.id.findBtn:

                    //获取BluetoothAdapter对象

                    BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

                    //如果得到了设备

                    if(adapter != null)

                    {

                        //更新edittext，打印有设备

                        edit1.append("have!"+'\n');

                        //如果设备没有被打开

                        if(!adapter.isEnabled())

                        {

                            //启动新的activity，打开蓝牙

                            Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);

                            startActivity(intent);

                        }

                        //获取所有已经配对的蓝牙，得到一个蓝牙设备集

                        SetBluetoothDevice> devices = adapter.getBondedDevices();

                        if(devices.size()>0)

                            //如果有已经配对的蓝牙，那么用迭代逐个打印出来

                            for(Iterator iterator=devices.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();)

                            {

                                BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice = (BluetoothDevice)iterator.next();

                                edit1.append(bluetoothDevice.getAddress()+'\n');

                            }

                    }

                    else

                        edit1.append("no device!!");

                    break;

                case R.id.scanBtn:

                    //调用startDiscovery()来扫描周围可见设备

                    BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().startDiscovery();

                case R.id.setBtn:

                    //创建intent通过intent传递参数

                    Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);

                    //设置可见状态的持续时间，如果超过300s，那么系统会自动设为300s

                    discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);

                    //启动activity，这是Android自带的

                    startActivity(discoverableIntent);

                default:

            }

        }

    private class BluetoothReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver

        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)

            //接受intent

            String action = intent.getAction();

            //从intent取出远程蓝牙设备

            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

            edit1.append("find new device:"+device.getAddress()+"\n");

    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)

        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.

        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);

        return true;

}

布局文件

RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"

    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"

    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"

    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"

    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    Button

        android:id="@+id/findBtn"

        android:layout_width="fill_parent"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="扫描已经连接的蓝牙"

        />

        android:id="@+id/setBtn"

        android:layout_below="@+id/findBtn"

        android:text="设置蓝牙可见性"

        android:id="@+id/scanBtn"

        android:layout_below="@+id/setBtn"

        android:text="扫描周围可见的蓝牙"

    EditText

        android:id="@+id/edit1"

        android:layout_below="@+id/scanBtn"

/RelativeLayout>