天天看点

Linux命令帮助的获取

Linux命令帮助的获取:

            内部命令:

                        # help COMMAND

            外部命令:

                        (1) 命令自带的简单帮助

                                    # COMMAND --help

                                    # COMMAND -h

                        (2) 命令手册页

                                    # man [CHPATER]KEYWORD

                        (3) 信息页

                                    # info COMMAND

                        (4) 程序自身的帮助文档

                                    README、INSTALL、Change

                        (5) 程序官方提供的Documentation

                        (6) 发行版官方提供的文档

                                    http://www.redhat.com/docs

                        (7) Google

            man手册的使用:

                        /usr/share/man/

                                    man1, ...,man9

                                                man1:用户命令;

                                                man2:系统调用;

                                                man3:C库调用;

                                                man4:设备文件及特殊文件;

                                                man5:配置文件格式;

                                                man6:游戏;

                                                man7:杂项;

                                                man8:管理命令;

                        man还可能存储其它路径:

                                    man命令的配置文件:/etc/man.config

                                                MANPATH

                        man解压缩其帮助手册至某临时目录中,而后调用less命令来显示此文件内容;

                        帮助手册中的段落:

                                    NAME

                                    SYNOPSIS

                                    DESCRIPTION

                                    OPTIONS

                                    EXAMPLES

                                    AUTHOR

                                    SEE ALSO

                        SYNOPSIS:

                                    []:可选

                                    <>: 必选

                                    a|b: 二选一

                                    ...: 同类内容可出现多次

                        man命令操作方法:

                                    Space: 向文件尾部翻一屏;

                                    b: 向文件首部翻一屏;before

                                    d: 向文件尾部翻半屏;down-half

                                    u: 向文件首部翻半屏;up-half

                                    Return:向文件尾部翻一行;return to last row

                                    k或y:向文件首部翻一行;

                                    #: 快速转到第#行;

                                    1G:回到第一行;

                                    G:到最后一行;

                                    q: 退出;

                                    文本搜索:

                                                /keyword:从当前位置向尾部搜索

                                                ?keyword:从当前位置向首部搜索

                                                            n:与命令方向相同

                                                            N:与命令方向相反

                                    练习:获取date命令的使用格式:

                                                显示今日为周几?

                                                设定当前系统时间?

                                                日期?

                                                CentOS7:设置时间命令timedatectl

在新的centos7里,关于时间的指令除了保留了之前版本中常用到的date、hwclock等命令外,还增加了一个统一的命令timedatactl。

            info命令:

                        info COMMAND

            程序自身的帮助文档:

                        /usr/share/doc/NAME-VERSION

            程序官方文档:

            发行版的官方文档:

            Google

            slideshare.net

            作业:自行学习如下命令

                        date, clock, hwclock,cal

                        ls, cd, pwd, tty,whereis, which

                        stat, echo, shutdown,halt, reboot, poweroff

                        who, w, whoami

回顾:命令的运行格式

            COMMAND [OPTION]... [ARGS]..

            COMMAND:

                        外部命令:PATH

            OPTION:

                        短选项

                        长选项

                        配置文件

            ARGS:

                        为命令提供数据

            命令帮助:man使用, help, --help