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linux关机命令详解

关机命令有三个halt,shutdown,poweroff,以及重启命令reboot

halt确有其命令,以及man内容。

shutdown也是专门负责关机的命令,并是独立的程序。

poweroff命令并不存在,但他直接调用的是halt -p的默认命令参数,是link过来的,下面我也提到了

reboot是重启命令,作用内容可以参考halt的man

......

[root@acnis root]# halt --help

usage: halt [-n] [-w] [-d] [-f] [-i] [-p]

-n: don't sync before halting the system

-w: only write a wtmp reboot record and exit.

-d: don't write a wtmp record.

-f: force halt/reboot, don't call shutdown.

-p: power down the system (if possible, otherwise halt)

参数说明:

[-n] 防止 sync 系统调用,它用在用fsck修补根分区之后,以阻止内核用老版本的超级块(superblock)覆盖修补过的超级块。

[-w] 并不是真正的重启或关机,只是写 wtmp(/var/log/wtmp)纪录。

[-d] 不写 wtmp 纪录(已包含在选项 [-n] 中)。

[-f] 没有调用 shutdown 而强制关机或"重启"(指的是reboot)。

[-i] 关机(或重启)前,关掉所有的网络接口。

[-p] 该选项为缺省选项。就是关机时调用 poweroff。 (isher喜欢直接用poweroff命令)

[-h] 在系统关闭之前,从系统中正确的移除所有的磁盘驱动器。

说明poweroff命令很多人不知道,这也是在/sbin下面的命令,是一个link,连接到halt -p的命令上。

[root@acnis sbin]# ll |grep pow

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 2002-01-13 poweroff -> halt

为了说明,MAN一下poweroff

MAN poweroff(halt) 得到以下内容,可以作为对照,对于halt -h

同时包含了halt命令和reboot的解释,因为poweroff本就是halt的快捷方式而已(windows的话)

NAME

halt, reboot, poweroff - stop the system.

SYNOPSIS

/sbin/halt [-n] [-w] [-d] [-f] [-i] [-p] [-h]

/sbin/reboot [-n] [-w] [-d] [-f] [-i]

/sbin/poweroff [-n] [-w] [-d] [-f] [-i] [-h]

OPTIONS

-n Don't sync before reboot or halt.

-w Don't actually reboot or halt but only write the wtmp record (in

the /var/log/wtmp file).

-d Don't write the wtmp record. The -n flag implies -d.

-f Force halt or reboot, don't call shutdown(8).

-i Shut down all network interfaces just before halt or reboot.

-h Put all harddrives on the system in standby mode just before

halt or poweroff.

-p When halting the system, do a poweroff. This is the default when

halt is called as poweroff.

[root@acnis root]# shutdown --help

shutdown: invalid option -- -

Usage: shutdown [-akrhfnc] [-t secs] time [warning message]

-a: use /etc/shutdown.allow

-k: don't really shutdown, only warn.

-r: reboot after shutdown.

-h: halt after shutdown.

-f: do a 'fast' reboot (skip fsck).

-F: Force fsck on reboot.

-n: do not go through "init" but go down real fast.

-c: cancel a running shutdown.

-t secs: delay between warning and kill signal.

** the "time" argument is mandatory! (try "now") **

参数说明

shutdown 命令可以安全地关闭或重启Linux系统,它在系统关闭之前给系统上的所有登录用户提示一条警告信息。该命令还允许用户指定一个时间参数,可以是一个精确 的时间,也可以是从现在开始的一个时间段。精确时间的格式是hh:mm,表示小时和分钟;时间段由“ ”和分钟数表示。系统执行该命令后,会自动进行数据同步的工作。

该命令的一般格式为: shutdown [选项] [时间] [警告信息] 命令中各选项的含义为:

[-t] seconds : 设定在几秒钟之后进行关机程序

[-k] 并不真正关机,而只是发出警告信息给所有用户。

[-r] 关机后立即重新启动。

[-h] 关机后不重新启动。

[-f] 快速关机,重启动时跳过fsck。

[-F] : 关机时,强迫进行 fsck 动作

[-n] 快速关机,不经过init程序。

[-c] 取消一个已经运行的shutdown。

×需要特别说明的是,该命令只能由超级用户使用。

time : 设定关机的时间

message : 传送给所有使用者的警告讯息

MAN shutdown 得到以下内容,可以作为对照

shutdown - bring the system down

/sbin/shutdown [-t sec] [-arkhncfF] time [warning-message]

-a Use /etc/shutdown.allow.

-t sec Tell init(8) to wait sec seconds between sending processes the

warning and the kill signal, before changing to another run-

level.

-k Don't really shutdown; only send the warning messages to every-

body.

-r Reboot after shutdown.

-h Halt after shutdown.

-n [DEPRECATED] Don't call init(8) to do the shutdown but do it

ourself. The use of this option is discouraged, and its results

are not always what you'd expect.

-f Skip fsck on reboot.

-F Force fsck on reboot.

-c Cancel an already running shutdown. With this option it is of

course not possible to give the time argument, but you can enter

a explanatory message on the command line that will be sent to

all users.

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