Red hat 5 、6 和 7 常用命令对比

System basics

Task

RHEL5

RHEL6

RHEL7

View subscription information

/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid

/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid 

subscription-manager identity

Configure subscription

rhn_register 

rhnreg_ks 

subscription-manager

View RHEL version information

/etc/redhat-release

View system profile

sosreport 

dmidecode 

hwbrowser

lstopo 

lscpu

Basic configuration

Graphical configuration tools

system-config-*

gnome-control-center

Text-based configuration tools

system-config-*-tui

Configure printer

system-config-printer

Configure network

system-config-network

nmcli 

nmtui 

nm-connection-editor

Configure system language

system-config-language

localectl

Configure time and date

system-config-date 

date

timedatectl 

Synchronize time and date

ntpdate 

/etc/ntp.conf

/etc/chrony.conf 

ntpdate

Configure keyboard

system-config-keyboard

Configure SSH

/etc/ssh/ssh_config 

/etc/ssh/sshd_config 

~/.ssh/config ssh-keygen

Jobs and services

List all services

chkconfig --list 

ls /etc/init.d/

systemctl -at service 

ls /etc/systemd/system/*.service 

ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*.service

List running services

service --status-all

systemctl -t service --state=active

Start/stop service

service name start 

service name stop

systemctl start name.service 

systemctl stop name.service

Enable/disable service

chkconfig name on 

chkconfig name off

systemctl enable name.service 

systemctl disable name.service

View service status

service name status

systemctl status name.service

Check if service is enabled

chkconfig name --list

systemctl is-enabled name

Create new service file or modify configuration

chkconfig --add

systemctl daemon-reload 

/etc/systemd/system/*.service

View run level/target

runlevel 

who -r

systemctl get-default 

Change run level/target

/etc/inittab 

init run_level

systemctl isolate name.target

systemctl set-default

Configure logging

/etc/syslog.conf

/etc/rsyslog.conf

/etc/rsyslog.conf 

/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf 

/var/log/journal 

systemd-journald.service

View logs

/var/log

/var/log 

journalctl

Configure system audit

add audit=1 to kernel cmdline 

auditctl 

/etc/audit/auditd.conf 

/etc/audit/audit.rules 

authconfig 

/etc/pam.d/system-auth 

pam_tty_audit kernel module

View audit output

aureport /var/log/faillog

Schedule/batch tasks

cron 

at 

batch

Find file by name

locate

Find file by characteristic

find

Create archive

tar 

cpio 

zip

Single user/rescue mode

append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline

append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline

Shut down system

shutdown

Power off system

poweroff

poweroff 

systemctl poweroff

Halt system

halt

halt 

systemctl halt

Reboot system

reboot

reboot 

systemctl reboot

Configure default run level/target

/etc/inittab

Configure GRUB bootloader

/boot/grub/grub.conf

/etc/default/grub 

grub2-mkconfig 

grub-set-default

Configure kernel module

modprobe

View hardware configured

lshw (in EPEL)

Configure hardware device

udev

View kernel parameters

sysctl -a 

cat /proc/cmdline

Load kernel module

Remove kernel module

modprobe -r

View kernel version

rpm -q kernel 

uname -r

Install software

yum install 

yum groupinstall

yum group install

View software info

yum info 

yum groupinfo

yum group info

Update software

yum update

Upgrade software

yum upgrade

Configure software repository

subscription-manager repos 

/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

Find package owning file

rpm -qf filename 

yum provides filename-glob

View software version

rpm -q packagename

View installed software

rpm -qa 

yum list installed

Graphical user management

system-config-users

Create user account

useradd

Delete user account

userdel

View/change user account details

usermod 

/etc/passwd 

vipw 

id

Create user group

groupadd

Delete user group

groupdel

Change group details

groupmod 

/etc/group

Change user password

passwd

Change user permissions

visudo

Change group permissions

Change password policy

chage

View user sessions

w

File systems, volumes, and disks

Default file system

ext3

ext4

xfs

Create/modify disk partitions

fdisk 

parted

gdisk 

parted 

ssm create

Format disk partition

mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) 

mkswap

mkswap 

Defragment disk space

copy data to new file system 

fsck (look for 'non-contiguous inodes')

fsck (look for 'non-contiguous inodes') 

xfs_fsr

Mount storage

mount 

/etc/fstab

/etc/fstab 

ssm mount

Mount and activate swap

swapon -a

Configure static mounts

View free disk space

df

View logical volume info

lvdisplay 

lvs 

vgdisplay 

vgs 

pvdisplay 

pvs

Create physical volume

pvcreate

pvcreate 

ssm create (if backend is lvm)

Create volume group

vgcreate

vgcreate 

Create logical volume

lvcreate

lvcreate 

Enlarge volumes formatted with default file system

vgextend 

lvextend 

resize2fs

xfs_growfs 

ssm resize

Shrink volumes formatted with default file system

resize2fs 

lvreduce 

vgreduce

XFS cannot currently be shrunk; copy desired data to a smaller file system.

Check/repair file system

fsck

fsck 

ssm check

View NFS share

showmount -e 

mount

Configure NFS share

/etc/exports 

service nfs reload

systemctl reload nfs.service

Configure on-demand auto-mounts

/etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs 

/etc/auto.*

Change file permissions

chmod 

chown 

chgrp 

umask (future file creation)

Change file attributes

chattr

Change access control list

setfacl

Configure name resolution

/etc/hosts 

/etc/resolv.conf

/etc/resolv.conf 

nmcli con mod

Configure hostname

/etc/sysconfig/network

hostnamectl        

/etc/hostname 

nmtui

View network interface info

ip addr 

ifconfig 

brctl

nmcli dev show 

teamdctl 

brctl 

bridge

Configure network interface

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*        

nmcli con [add|mod|edit] 

View routes

ip route

Configure routes

ip route add 

system-config-network 

/etc/sysconfig/route-iface

nm-connection-editor 

Configure firewall

iptables and ip6tables 

/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables

/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables 

system-config-firewall

firewall-cmd 

firewall-config

View ports/sockets

ss 

lsof 

netstat

lsof

Configure system security

/etc/selinux/config 

chcon 

restorecon 

semanage 

setsebool 

system-config-selinux

Report on system security

sealert

LDAP, SSSD, Kerberos

authconfig-tui 

authconfig-gtk

Network users

getent

Trace system calls

strace

Trace library calls

ltrace

Change process priority

nice 

renice

Change process run location

taskset

Kill a process

kill 

pkill 

killall

View system usage

top 

ps 

sar 

iostat 

netstat 

vmstat 

mpstat 

numastat

numastat 

tuna

View disk usage

df 

iostat

本文转自 yuri_cto 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/laobaiv1/1896668，如需转载请自行联系原作者