keepalived安装和测试

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<code>我的博客已迁移到xdoujiang.com请去那边和我交流</code>

<code>keepalived使用纯C语言写成。软件围绕中心的I</code><code>/O</code><code>多路复用器设计提供实时的网络。</code>

<code>它的设计重点是在各个元素之间实现模块化，为了保证稳定性和健壮性，守护进程被分成三个独立的进程。</code>

<code>整体设计基于一个简单的父进程，父进程负责fork并监控子进程。两个子进程，一个负责VRRP框架，</code>

<code>另一个负责健康检查。每个子进程有自己的I</code><code>/O</code><code>调度多路复用器，这样可以优化VRRP调度，因为VRRP</code>

<code>调度比健康检查更敏感。另一方面，这个分开的设计使得健康检查机制对外部函数库的使用最小化，</code>

<code>最小化自身的动作并且让主循环空闲来避免自身引起的故障。父进程的监控框架叫做watchdog，</code>

<code>它的设计是：每个子进程打开一个UNIX套接字等待请求，当守护进程启动后，</code>

<code>父进程连接这些UNIX套接字并周期性（5s）地发送hello包到子进程。如果父进程无法发送hello包到远程连接的UNIX套机字，</code>

<code>它会简单地重启子进程。watchdog的设计有两个好处，首先hello包从父进程发送到远程连接的子进程是通过I</code><code>/O</code><code>多路复用器调度，</code>

<code>这样它就能够检测子进程调度框架中的死循环。第二个好处是可以使用sysV信号检测子进程是否死掉。</code>

<code>测试当serverA机器重启后，虚IP漂移到serverB充当master角色，就是说serverA重启后不抢占。</code>

<code>masterA 10.1.10.117 3.2.0-4-amd64 7.8 keepaliaved</code>

<code>serverB 10.1.10.185 3.2.0-4-amd64 7.8 keepaliaved</code>

<code>二、安装keepalived</code>

<code>1、apt方式安装keepalived服务(serverA serverB)</code>

<code>apt-get -y </code><code>install</code> <code>keepalived --force-</code><code>yes</code>

<code>2、修改master</code><code>/slave</code><code>配置(serverA serverB)</code>

<code>1)master 创建keepalived.conf并添加以下内容</code>

<code>cat</code> <code>/etc/keepalived/keepalived</code><code>.conf </code>

<code>global_defs</code>

<code>router_id aaa</code>

<code>vrrp_instance VI_1</code>

<code>state BACKUP</code>

<code>interface eth0</code>

<code>virtual_router_id 90</code>

<code>nopreempt</code>

<code>priority 100</code>

<code>advert_int 1</code>

<code>virtual_ipaddress</code>

<code>2)slave 创建keepalived.conf并添加以下内容</code>

<code>router_id bbb</code>

<code>priority 99</code>

<code>state </code><code>#MASTER是主服务器，BACKUP是备服务器。</code>

<code>virtual_ipaddress </code><code>#设置虚拟IP地址，也叫漂移IP地址。</code>

<code>priority </code><code>#值越大优先级越高，主的值在设置上大于备的值</code>

<code>nopreempt </code><code>#不抢占(仅配置在state BACKUP时有效并且这个机器的优先级必须比另一台高)</code>

<code>virtual_router_id </code><code>#取值范围是1-255(must be between 1 & 255)</code>

<code>advert_int </code><code>#MASTER和BACKUP之间同步检查的时间间隔(s)</code>

<code>3、自定义日志存放地方(不定义的话默认是在</code><code>/var/log/messages</code><code>)(serverA serverB)</code>

<code>1)添加以下内容</code>

<code>echo</code> <code>"local3.* /var/log/keepalived"</code> <code>>> </code><code>/etc/rsyslog</code><code>.conf</code>

<code>2)重启下rsyslog服务</code>

<code>/etc/init</code><code>.d</code><code>/rsyslog</code> <code>restart</code>

<code>[ ok ] Stopping enhanced syslogd: rsyslogd.</code>

<code>[ ok ] Starting enhanced syslogd: rsyslogd.</code>

<code>4、启动服务(serverA serverB)</code>

<code>keepalived -d -D -S 3 -f </code><code>/etc/keepalived/keepalived</code><code>.conf</code>

<code>PS:启动参数说明</code>

<code>--use-</code><code>file</code><code>, -f keepalived.conf_file Use the specified configuration </code><code>file</code><code>.</code>

<code>--dump-conf, -d Dump the configuration data.</code>

<code>--log-detail, -D Detailed log messages (the default with the rc script provided).</code>

<code>--log-facility, -S 0-7 Set syslog facility to LOG_LOCAL[0-7] (default=LOG_DAEMON)</code>

<code>5、查看进程(serverA serverB)</code>

<code>ps</code> <code>aux |</code><code>grep</code> <code>keepalived |</code><code>grep</code> <code>-</code><code>v</code> <code>grep</code>

<code>root 2944 0.0 0.3 21984 796 ? Ss 16:44 0:00 keepalived -d -D -S 3 -f </code><code>/etc/keepalived/keepalived</code><code>.conf</code>

<code>root 2945 0.0 0.9 30520 2160 ? S 16:44 0:00 keepalived -d -D -S 3 -f </code><code>/etc/keepalived/keepalived</code><code>.conf</code>

<code>root 2946 0.0 0.6 30396 1468 ? S 16:44 0:00 keepalived -d -D -S 3 -f </code><code>/etc/keepalived/keepalived</code><code>.conf</code>

<code>6、查看相关日志文件(serverA serverB)</code>

<code>ll </code><code>/var/log/keepalived</code>

<code>-rw-r----- 1 root adm 4215 Sep 22 16:44 </code><code>/var/log/keepalived</code>

<code>7、查看启动日志(serverA serverB)</code>

<code>1)</code><code>cat</code> <code>/var/log/keepalived</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived: Starting Keepalived v1.2.2 (12</code><code>/18</code><code>,2011)</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived: Remove a zombie pid </code><code>file</code> <code>/var/run/keepalived</code><code>.pid</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived: Remove a zombie pid </code><code>file</code> <code>/var/run/vrrp</code><code>.pid</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived: Remove a zombie pid </code><code>file</code> <code>/var/run/checkers</code><code>.pid</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=2945</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived: Starting VRRP child process, pid=2946</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.10.117 added</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.10.240 added</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:87a1 added</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink reflector</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink </code><code>command</code> <code>channel</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Registering gratutious ARP shared channel</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Initializing ipvs 2.6</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Initializing ipvs 2.6</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Opening </code><code>file</code> <code>'/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'</code><code>.</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.10.117 added</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.10.240 added</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:87a1 added</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlink reflector</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlink </code><code>command</code> <code>channel</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Opening </code><code>file</code> <code>'/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'</code><code>.</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP is trying to assign invalid VIP {. skipping VIP...</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 60186 Bytes</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: ------< Global definitions >------</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Router ID = aaa</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Smtp server connection timeout = 30</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Email notification from = root@debian</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: ------< VRRP Topology >------</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP Instance = VI_1</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Want State = MASTER</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Runing on device = eth0</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Virtual Router ID = 90</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Priority = 100</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Advert interval = 1sec</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Preempt disabled</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Virtual IP = 1</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: 10.1.10.240</code><code>/24</code> <code>dev eth0 scope global</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(10,11)]</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Configuration is using : 5509 Bytes</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: ------< Global definitions >------</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Router ID = aaa</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Smtp server connection timeout = 30</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Email notification from = root@debian</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: ------< SSL definitions >------</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Using autogen SSL context</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:12 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:13 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:14 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:14 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:14 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 </code><code>for</code> <code>10.1.10.240</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:44:19 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 </code><code>for</code> <code>10.1.10.240</code>

<code>2)</code><code>cat</code> <code>/var/log/keepalived</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived: Starting Keepalived v1.2.2 (12</code><code>/18</code><code>,2011)</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=2414</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived: Starting VRRP child process, pid=2415</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.10.185 added</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe1c:c991 added</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink reflector</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Initializing ipvs 2.6</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink </code><code>command</code> <code>channel</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Registering gratutious ARP shared channel</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Initializing ipvs 2.6</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: IPVS: Cant initialize ipvs: Protocol not available</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.10.185 added</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe1c:c991 added</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlink reflector</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlink </code><code>command</code> <code>channel</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Opening </code><code>file</code> <code>/etc/keepalived/keepalived</code><code>.conf.</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Configuration is using : 5355 Bytes</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Opening </code><code>file</code> <code>/etc/keepalived/keepalived</code><code>.conf.</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP is trying to assign invalid VIP {. skipping VIP...</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 60164 Bytes</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: ------< Global definitions >------</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Router ID = bbb</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Smtp server connection timeout = 30</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Email notification from = root@debian</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: ------< VRRP Topology >------</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP Instance = VI_1</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Want State = BACKUP</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Runing on device = eth0</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Virtual Router ID = 90</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Priority = 99</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Advert interval = 1sec</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Virtual IP = 1</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: 10.1.10.240</code><code>/24</code> <code>dev eth0 scope global</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(11,12)]</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: ------< Global definitions >------</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Router ID = bbb</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Smtp server connection timeout = 30</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Email notification from = root@debian</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: ------< SSL definitions >------</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Using autogen SSL context</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:51:31 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...</code>

<code>8、使用ip命令查看(serverA serverB)</code>

<code>1)使用ip a命令查看</code>

<code>1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN </code>

<code> </code><code>link</code><code>/loopback</code> <code>00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00</code>

<code> </code><code>inet 127.0.0.1</code><code>/8</code> <code>scope host lo</code>

<code> </code><code>inet6 ::1</code><code>/128</code> <code>scope host </code>

<code> </code><code>valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever</code>

<code>2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000</code>

<code> </code><code>link</code><code>/ether</code> <code>00:0c:29:c8:87:a1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</code>

<code> </code><code>inet 10.1.10.117</code><code>/24</code> <code>brd 10.1.10.255 scope global eth0</code>

<code> </code><code>inet 10.1.10.240</code><code>/24</code> <code>scope global secondary eth0</code>

<code> </code><code>inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec8:87a1</code><code>/64</code> <code>scope link </code>

<code>2)使用ip a命令查看</code>

<code> </code><code>link</code><code>/ether</code> <code>00:0c:29:1c:c9:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</code>

<code> </code><code>inet 10.1.10.185</code><code>/24</code> <code>brd 10.1.10.255 scope global eth0</code>

<code> </code><code>inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1c:c991</code><code>/64</code> <code>scope link </code>

<code> </code><code>valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever </code>

<code>9、删除开机默认启动(serverA serverB)</code>

<code>update-rc.d -f keepalived remove</code>

<code>update-rc.d: using dependency based boot sequencing</code>

<code>10、添加开机启动(serverA serverB)</code>

<code>echo</code> <code>"/usr/sbin/keepalived -d -D -S 3 -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf"</code> <code>>> </code><code>/etc/rc</code><code>.</code><code>local</code>

<code>1、直接重启masterA机器</code>

<code>2、在slave上查看IP地址</code>

<code>lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN </code>

<code>eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000</code>

<code> </code><code>link</code><code>/ether</code> <code>00:0c:29:8c:61:6e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</code>

<code> </code><code>inet 10.1.10.250</code><code>/24</code> <code>brd 10.1.10.255 scope global eth0</code>

<code> </code><code>inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe8c:616e</code><code>/64</code> <code>scope link </code>

<code>3、在slave上查看日志</code>

<code>cat</code> <code>/var/log/keepalived</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:55:00 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:55:01 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:55:01 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:55:01 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 </code><code>for</code> <code>10.1.10.240</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:55:01 debian Keepalived_healthcheckers: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.1.10.240 added</code>

<code>Sep 22 16:55:06 debian Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 </code><code>for</code> <code>10.1.10.240</code>

<code>http:</code><code>//www</code><code>.keepalived.org/</code>

本文转自 xdoujiang 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/7938217/1654949，如需转载请自行联系原作者

keepalived安装和测试

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