io_submit、io_setup和io_getevents是LINUX上的AIO系统调用。这有一个非常特别注意的地方——传递给io_setup的aio_context参数必须初始化为0,在它的man手册里其实有说明,但容易被忽视,我就犯了这个错误,man说明如下:
ctxp must not point to an AIO context that already exists, and must be initialized to 0 prior to the call
完整示例如下:// 包含必须头文件
#include
int main()
{
io_context_t ctx;
unsigned nr_events = 10;
memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx)); // It's necessary,这里一定要的
int errcode = io_setup(nr_events, &ctx);
if (errcode == 0)
printf("io_setup success\n");
else
printf("io_setup error: :%d:%s\n", errcode, strerror(-errcode));
// 如果不指定O_DIRECT,则io_submit操作和普通的read/write操作没有什么区别了,将来的LINUX可能
// 可以支持不指定O_DIRECT标志
int fd = open("./direct.txt", O_CREAT|O_DIRECT|O_WRONLY, S_IRWXU|S_IRWXG|S_IROTH);
printf("open: %s\n", strerror(errno));
char* buf;
errcode = posix_memalign((void**)&buf, sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE), sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE));
printf("posix_memalign: %s\n", strerror(errcode));
strcpy(buf, "hello xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
struct iocb *iocbpp = (struct iocb *)malloc(sizeof(struct iocb));
memset(iocbpp, 0, sizeof(struct iocb));
iocbpp[0].data = buf;
iocbpp[0].aio_lio_opcode = IO_CMD_PWRITE;
iocbpp[0].aio_reqprio = 0;
iocbpp[0].aio_fildes = fd;
iocbpp[0].u.c.buf = buf;
iocbpp[0].u.c.nbytes = page_size;//strlen(buf); // 这个值必须按512字节对齐
iocbpp[0].u.c.offset = 0; // 这个值必须按512字节对齐
// 提交异步操作,异步写磁盘
int n = io_submit(ctx, 1, &iocbpp);
printf("==io_submit==: %d:%s\n", n, strerror(-n));
struct io_event events[10];
struct timespec timeout = {1, 100};
// 检查写磁盘情况,类似于epoll_wait或select
n = io_getevents(ctx, 1, 10, events, &timeout);
printf("io_getevents: %d:%s\n", n, strerror(-n));
close(fd);
io_destroy(ctx);
return 0;
}
测试环境:Linux 2.6.16,SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 (x86_64)
struct iocb {
/* these are internal to the kernel/libc. */
__u64 aio_data; /* data to be returned in event\'s data */用来返回异步IO事件信息的空间,类似于epoll中的ptr。
__u32 PADDED(aio_key, aio_reserved1); /* the kernel sets aio_key to the req # */
/* common fields */
__u16 aio_lio_opcode; /* see IOCB_CMD_ above */
__s16 aio_reqprio; // 请求的优先级
__u32 aio_fildes; // 文件描述符
__u64 aio_buf; // 用户态缓冲区
__u64 aio_nbytes; // 文件操作的字节数
__s64 aio_offset; // 文件操作的偏移量
/* extra parameters */
__u64 aio_reserved2; /* TODO: use this for a (struct sigevent *) */
__u64 aio_reserved3;
}; /* 64 bytes */
struct io_event {
__u64 data; /* the data field from the iocb */ // 类似于epoll_event中的ptr
__u64 obj; /* what iocb this event came from */ // 对应的用户态iocb结构体指针
__s64 res; /* result code for this event */ // 操作的结果,类似于read/write的返回值
__s64 res2; /* secondary result */
};
系统调用功能原型io_setup为当前进程初始化一个异步IO上下文int io_setup(unsigned nr_events,aio_context_t *ctxp);io_submit提交一个或者多个异步IO操作int io_submit(aio_context_t ctx_id,long nr, struct iocb **iocbpp);io_getevents获得未完成的异步IO操作的状态int io_getevents(aio_context_t ctx_id, long min_nr, long nr, struct io_event *events, struct timespec *timeout);io_cancel取消一个未完成的异步IO操作int io_cancel(aio_context_t ctx_id, struct iocb *iocb, struct io_event *result);io_destroy从当前进程删除一个异步IO上下文int io_destroy(aio_context_t ctx);