返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性

[索引页]

[×××]

返璞归真 asp.net mvc (6) - asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性

作者：webabcd

介绍

asp.net mvc 之 asp.net mvc 2.0 新特性：如通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证及客户端验证，MVC 与 Dynamic Data 的结合，对异步 Controller 的支持，对 Area 的支持，新增的一些帮助方法等

示例

1、新特性总结

Index.aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage" %>

<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">

        Home Page

</asp:Content>

<asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">

        <h2><%: ViewData["Message"] %></h2>

        <p>

                <a href="Category" target="_blank">Demo</a>

        </p>

                1、<a href="Category/Create" target="_blank">通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证；对客户端验证的支持</a>

                2、<a href="AsynchronousController" target="_blank">对异步 Controller 的支持</a>

                3、MVC 与 Dynamic Data 的结合

                <br />

                <a href="Category/Edit/21" target="_blank">实现 Model 级别的 Dynamic Data</a>

                <a href="Category/Edit2/21" target="_blank">实现 Property 级别的 Dynamic Data</a>

                新增了对模板的支持（模板源自 Dynamic Data）

ActionResult View() ActionResult View(int id, [DefaultValue(1)]int page) { }

                5、关于路由的新特性，参看：http://webabcd.blog.51cto.com/1787395/341124

                6、Html.Hidden() 增强 - 其可以用于保存二进制（Binary 类型或 byte[] 类型）数据

                比如：

                <%= Html.Hidden("Photo", Model.Photo) %>

                生成的 html 为：

                <input type="hidden" name="Photo" value="QVNQLk5FVCBNVkMgaXMgZnVuIQ................................." />

                7、在 VS 2010 中增加了 asp.net mvc 相关的代码片段

                组合键 ctrl+k ctrl+b 调出代码片段管理器后查看

                8、新增了一个名为 RequireHttpsAttribute 的 Action Filter - 其作用就是用于只允许 HTTPS 请求。默认情况下，如果是 HTTP 请求，则会自动跳转到 HTTPS 请求

                9、只有 HTTP POST 请求才能返回 JsonResult    

                10、新增了 HttpPostAttribute HttpPutAttribute HttpGetAttribute HttpDeleteAttribute ，以前是类似这样写的 AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs.Post)

                11、UrlParameter.Optional - 如果从url路由中无法获取某个参数的值，则从url参数中获取该参数的值。示例如下

                routes.MapRoute(

                        "Default",

                        "{controller}/{action}/{id}",

                        new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }

                );

                <a href="Category/?pageIndex=0" target="_blank">使用 UrlParameter.Optional 的一个演示</a>

                12、对 Area 的支持 - 允许在一个应用程序内存在多套 MVC，在项目中单击右键 -> Add -> Area...（详见示例程序中的 Areas 目录）

                13、新增的一些帮助方法

                Html.EditorFor(), Html.DisplayFor(), Html.DisplayTextFor(), Html.ValidationMessageFor(), Html.TextBoxFor(), Html.TextAreaFor(), Html.DropDownListFor(), Html.CheckboxFor(), Html.RadioButtonFor(), Html.ListBoxFor(), Html.PasswordFor(), Html.HiddenFor(), Html.LabelFor()

                它们主要用于实现 Scaffold，以及为 Property 或 Model 指定显示模板或编辑模板

</asp:Content>

2、异步 Controller 的 Demo

Areas/AsynchronousController/Controllers/HomeController.cs

/*

* ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 异步 Controller

*         1、需要继承基类 AsyncController

*         2、在 Async 为后缀的方法中写发起异步操作的逻辑；在 Completed 为后缀的方法中写异步操作完成后的逻辑；此两个方法的前缀就是这个异步 Controller 的 Action

*         3、AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Increment() - 递增当前异步操作的计数器；AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Decrement(); - 递减当前异步操作的计数器。当异步操作的计数器为 0 时，则调用以 Completed 为后缀的方法

*         4、AsyncManager.Parameters[key] - 传递指定参数到以 Completed 为后缀的方法中

*/

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Mvc;

using System.Net;

using System.Xml;

using System.ServiceModel.Syndication;

namespace MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController.Controllers

{

        [HandleError]

        public class HomeController : AsyncController

        {

                // IndexAsync() 以及 IndexCompleted() 是一对，其 Action 为 Index

                // 开始一个异步操作

void IndexAsync() void IndexAsync()

                {

                        // 递增计数器

                        AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Increment();

                        HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/rss");

                        request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(OnGetRssFeedAsyncCompleted), request);

                }

                // 完成异步操作后

ActionResult IndexCompleted() ActionResult IndexCompleted(IEnumerable<SyndicationItem> items)

                        ViewData["Message"] = "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!";

                        ViewData["SyndicationItems"] = items;

                        return View();

void OnGetRssFeedAsyncCompleted() void OnGetRssFeedAsyncCompleted(IAsyncResult result)

                        HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)result.AsyncState;

                        HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.EndGetResponse(result);

                        using (XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(response.GetResponseStream()))

                        {

                                SyndicationFeed feed = SyndicationFeed.Load(reader);

                                // 传递指定参数到 IndexCompleted() 方法中

                                AsyncManager.Parameters["items"] = feed.Items;

                                // 递减计数器，当计数器为 0 时，则调用 IndexCompleted()

                                AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Decrement();

                        }

        }

}

Areas/AsynchronousController/Views/Home/Index.aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>" %>

<%@ Import Namespace="System.ServiceModel.Syndication" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head runat="server">

        <title>Index</title>

</head>

<body>

        <div>

                <h2>

                        <%: ViewData["Message"] %></h2>

                <div>

                        <!--

                                调用异步 Controller 的 Demo

                                注意：Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<dynamic>"，这里用了 dynamic 类型

                        -->

                        <% foreach (SyndicationItem item in (IEnumerable<SyndicationItem>)ViewData["SyndicationItems"])

                             { %>

                        <a href="<%= item.Id %>">

                                <%= item.Title.Text %></a><br />

                        <% } %>

                </div>

        </div>

</body>

</html>

3、Area 的 Demo

Areas/AsynchronousController/AsynchronousControllerAreaRegistration.cs

* ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 对 Area 的支持，其允许在一个应用程序内实现多套 MVC

*         1、新建 Area：右键 -> Add -> Area...

*         2、继承 AreaRegistration，配置对应此 Area 的路由

*         3、在 Global 中通过 AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); 注册此 Area

*         4、有了 Area，就一定要配置路由的命名空间

namespace MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController

        // 新建一个 Area 会自动生成这个继承自 AreaRegistration 的类

        // 如果需要使用此 Area 下的 MVC， 需要在 Global 中 AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();

        public class AsynchronousControllerAreaRegistration : AreaRegistration

                public override string AreaName

                        get

                                return "AsynchronousController";

override void RegisterArea() override void RegisterArea(AreaRegistrationContext context)

                        // 在 Area 中配置路由的时候，要设置命名空间（即本例中的第 4 个参数）

                        context.MapRoute(

                                "AsynchronousController_default",

                                "AsynchronousController/{controller}/{action}/{id}",

                                new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, // Parameter defaults

                                new string[] { "MVC20.Areas.AsynchronousController.Controllers" }

                        );

Global.asax

using System.Web.Routing;

namespace MVC20

        public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication

static void RegisterRoutes() static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)

                        routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

                        // 用于本项目中使用了 Area，所以在配置路由的时候，要设置命名空间（即本例中的第 4 个参数）

                        routes.MapRoute(

                                "Default", // Route name

                                "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters

                                new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, // UrlParameter.Optional - 如果从url路由中无法获取某个参数的值，则从url参数中获取该参数的值

                                new string[] {"MVC20.Controllers"}

void Application_Start() void Application_Start()

                        // 注册本应用程序中的所有 Area

                        AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();

                        RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);

4、对 DataAnnotations 的支持，实现数据验证（包括客户端验证）

Metadata.cs

* ASP.NET MVC 2.0 - 对 DataAnnotations 的支持，可以实现验证及 Scaffold

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace MVC20.Models

        [MetadataType(typeof(ProductCategory_Metadata))]

        public partial class ProductCategory

        public class ProductCategory_Metadata

                [Required(AllowEmptyStrings = false, ErrorMessage = "{0} 为必填字段")]

                [NameValidation(ErrorMessage = "{0} 只能是数字")]

                [Display(Name="名称")]

                public string Name;

                [ScaffoldColumn(false)]

                public object ModifiedDate { get; set; }

                // DisplayValue=true - 默认值。在显示模板中，用一个 lable 显示指定的值；在编辑模板中，用一个 lable 显示指定的值，并用一个 hidden input 保存该值

                // DisplayValue=false - 在显示模板中，不做任何显示；在编辑模板中，不做任何显示，但会用一个 hidden input 保存该值

                [System.Web.Mvc.HiddenInput(DisplayValue=true)]

                public object rowguid { get; set; }

        // 通过继承 RegularExpressionAttribute 实现自定义验证 Attribute

        // 通过继承 ValidationAttribute 实现自定义验证 Attribute 的 Demo 可以参看 http://webabcd.blog.51cto.com/1787395/341156

        public class NameValidationAttribute : RegularExpressionAttribute

NameValidationAttribute() NameValidationAttribute()

                        : base("^[0-9]*$")

CategoryController.cs

using MVC20.Models;

using System.ComponentModel;

namespace MVC20.Controllers

        public class CategoryController : Controller

                // DefaultValueAttribute - 用于为参数指定默认值。当路由或url参数中无此参数时，则会使用此默认值

ActionResult Index() ActionResult Index([DefaultValue(2)]int pageIndex)

                        int pageSize = 10;

                        var categories = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(pageIndex, pageSize);

                        return View("Index", categories);

ActionResult Edit() ActionResult Edit(int id)

                        var category = new Models.CategorySystem().GetCategory(id);

                        return View("Edit", category);

                // 用于演示实现 Model 级别的 Dynamic Data

                [HttpPost]

ActionResult Edit() ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection formValues)

                        var cs = new Models.CategorySystem();

                        var category = cs.GetCategory(id);

                        TryUpdateModel<ProductCategory>(category);

                        cs.Save();

                        return RedirectToAction("Index");

ActionResult Edit2() ActionResult Edit2(int id)

                        return View("Edit2", category);

                // 用于演示实现 Property 级别的 Dynamic Data

ActionResult Edit2() ActionResult Edit2(int id, FormCollection formValues)

ActionResult Details() ActionResult Details(int id)

                        return View("Details", category);

ActionResult Create() ActionResult Create()

                        ProductCategory category = new ProductCategory()

                        };

                        return View(category);

                // 用于演示通过 DataAnnotations 实现数据验证

ActionResult Create() ActionResult Create(ProductCategory category)

                        if (!ModelState.IsValid)

                                return View(category);

                        else

                                var cs = new Models.CategorySystem();

                                cs.AddCategory(category);

                                cs.Save();

                                return View("Details", category);

Create.aspx

<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>" %>

        Create

        <!--

                为了实现客户端验证，需要引用以下两个 JavaScript

        -->

        <script src="http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftAjax.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

        <script src="http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftMvcValidation.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

        <h2>Create</h2>

        <!--启用客户端验证功能-->

        <% Html.EnableClientValidation(); %>

        <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%>

                <!--    Html.ValidationSummary Helper Method Can Display Model-Level Errors -->

                <%: Html.ValidationSummary("错误信息如下：")%>

                <fieldset>

                        <legend>Fields</legend>

                        <div class="editor-label">

                                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID) %>

                        </div>

                        <div class="editor-field">

                                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID) %>

                                <!--

                                        验证的错误信息来自 DataAnnotations，也可以通过 ValidationMessageFor() 来指定需要显示的错误信息

                                -->

                                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ProductCategoryID, "*") %>

                                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>

                                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>

                                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ParentProductCategoryID) %>

                                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.Name) %>

                                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.Name) %>

                                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Name) %>

                                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.rowguid) %>

                                <%: Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.rowguid) %>

                                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.rowguid) %>

                                <%: Html.LabelFor(model => model.ModifiedDate) %>

                                <%: Html.TextBox("ModifiedDate", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd")) %>

                                <%: Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.ModifiedDate) %>

                        <p>

                                <input type="submit" value="Create" />

                        </p>

                </fieldset>

        <% } %>

                <%: Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index") %>

5、MVC 与 Dynamic Data 相结合的 Demo

相关的 DataAnnotations 就用上面的那个

Category/Edit.aspx

        Edit

        <h2>

                Edit</h2>

        <% using (Html.BeginForm()) { %>

                <%= Html.EditorFor(category => category) %>

                <input type="submit" value="Save" />

Category/Edit2.aspx

        Edit2

        <h2>Edit2</h2>

                        <%= Html.LabelFor(c => c.ParentProductCategoryID) %>: <%= Html.EditorFor(c => c.ParentProductCategoryID)%>

                        </br>

                        <%= Html.LabelFor(c => c.Name) %>: <%= Html.EditorFor(c => c.Name)%>

                                <input type="submit" value="Save" />

Category/Index.aspx

<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<IEnumerable<MVC20.Models.ProductCategory>>" %>

        Index

                Index</h2>

        <table>

                <tr>

                        <th>

                        </th>

                                ProductCategoryID

                                ParentProductCategoryID

                                名称

                                rowguid

                                ModifiedDate

                </tr>

                <% foreach (var item in Model)

                     { %>

                        <td>

                                <%: Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID }) %>

                                |

                                <%: Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID })%>

                                <%: Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.ProductCategoryID })%>

                        </td>

                                <%: item.ProductCategoryID %>

                                <%: item.ParentProductCategoryID %>

                                <%: Html.DisplayTextFor(c => item.Name)%>

                                <%: item.rowguid %>

                                        Html.DisplayFor() - 可以指定显示模板（可以指定 Property 级模板，也可以指定 Model 级模板），本例的模板地址为 Views/Shared/DisplayTemplates/MyDate.ascx ，这种实现方式来自 Dynamic Data

                                <%= Html.DisplayFor(Product => item.ModifiedDate, "MyDate")%>

                <% } %>

        </table>

                <%= Html.RouteLink("上一页", "Default", new { pageIndex = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["pageIndex"] ?? "2") - 1 })%>

                |

                <%= Html.RouteLink("下一页", "Default", new { pageIndex = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["pageIndex"] ?? "2") + 1 })%>

                <%: Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") %>

Shared/DisplayTemplates/MyDate.ascx

<%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl<dynamic>" %>

<%= Html.Encode(String.Format("{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", Model)) %>

OK

[×××]