Configure Oracle Dataguard Primary-ASM to Physical-ASM

     在生产环境中的DBA，往往都是面对几十上百G的数据，甚至可能是T级别的，文件系统存储数据文件在这些场合下的I/O问题就会逐渐暴露，因而在生产环境中的数据存储一般都使用ASM，或者裸设备，oracle 11g开始就不支持裸设备存储数据了，因而本讲主要介绍在ASM环境下配置Data guard物理备库！

环境介绍：

主库IP：192.168.227.20/24

主库SID: orcl

主库DB_NAME：orcl

主库DB_UNIQUE_NAME:primary

主库SERVICES_NAME: primary.yang.com

备库IP：192.168.227.30/24

备库SID: orcl

备库DB_NAME：orcl

备库DB_UNIQUE_NAME:physical

备库SERVICES_NAME: physical.yang.com

一：主库准备工作 

1：配置ASM环境

[root@primary ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/localconfig add

[root@primary ~]# ps -ef |grep css

root 4180 1 0 13:07 ? 00:00:00 /bin/su -l oracle -c sh -c 'cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/log/primary/cssd;ulimit -c unlimited;

exec /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/ocssd '

oracle 4332 4180 0 13:08 ? 00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/ocssd.bin

root 4682 4265 0 13:17 pts/1 00:00:00 grep css

[root@primary ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/

[root@primary bin]# ./crsctl check crs

CSS appears healthy

Cannot communicate with CRS

Cannot communicate with EVM

[oracle@primary ~]# ps -ef |grep -i asm

oracle 4459 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_pmon_+ASM

oracle 4461 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_psp0_+ASM

oracle 4463 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_mman_+ASM

oracle 4465 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_dbw0_+ASM

oracle 4467 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_lgwr_+ASM

oracle 4469 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_ckpt_+ASM

oracle 4471 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_smon_+ASM

oracle 4473 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_rbal_+ASM

oracle 4475 1 0 13:10 ? 00:00:00 asm_gmon_+ASM

oracle 4665 5702 0 13:16 pts/2 00:00:00 grep -i asm

[oracle@primary ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

[oracle@primary ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL> conn /as sysdba

SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_N STATUS

---------- ------------------------------------

+ASM STARTED

SQL> create diskgroup data normal redundancy

2 failgroup fg1 disk

3 '/dev/raw/raw1' name asmdisk1,

4 '/dev/raw/raw2' name asmdisk2

5 failgroup fg2 disk

6 '/dev/raw/raw3' name asmdisk3,

7 '/dev/raw/raw4' name asmdisk4;

Diskgroup created.

SQL> create diskgroup fraexternal redundancy

2 disk '/dev/raw/raw5' name asmdisk5;

SQL> select name,path,failgroup from v$asm_disk;

NAMEPATH

FAILGROUP

---------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------

ASMDISK5 /dev/raw/raw5 ASMDISK5

ASMDISK4 /dev/raw/raw4 FG2

ASMDISK3 /dev/raw/raw3 FG2

ASMDISK2 /dev/raw/raw2 FG1

ASMDISK1 /dev/raw/raw1 FG1

SQL> select name,total_mb,free_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAMETOTAL_MB

FREE_MB USABLE_FILE_MB

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------

DATA 81920 8181430667

FRA 58368 5831858318

2：建库

[oracle@primary ~]$ env |grep ORA

ORACLE_SID=orcl

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME

------------------------------------------

+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.259.765985893

+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.257.765985893

+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.258.765985893

+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.256.765985891

+DATA/orcl/datafile/example.265.765986057

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

--------------------------------------------

+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.263.765986013

+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.259.765986017

+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.262.765986005

+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.258.765986009

+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.261.765985997

+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.257.765986003

SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAMETYPEVALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string+DATA/orcl/spfileorcl.ora

SQL> show parameter control;

control_file_record_keep_time integer 7

control_files string+DATA/orcl/controlfile/current

.260.765985991, +FRA/orcl/cont

rolfile/current.256.765985991

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination +FRA/orcl

Oldest online log sequence 3

Next log sequence to archive 5

Current log sequence 5

SQL> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest;

------------------------------------ ----------- ---------

db_recovery_file_dest string+FRA

db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 50000M

3：添加standby日志组

SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 4 size 50M;

SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 5 size 50M;

SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 size 50M;

SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 size 50M;

SQL> select member,type from v$logfile;

MEMBERTYPE

-------------------------------------------------- -------

+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.263.765986013 ONLINE

+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_3.259.765986017 ONLINE

+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.262.765986005 ONLINE

+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.258.765986009 ONLINE

+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.261.765985997 ONLINE

+FRA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.257.765986003 ONLINE

+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_4.268.765996737 STANDBY

+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_4.264.765996743 STANDBY

+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_5.269.765996751 STANDBY

+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_5.265.765996757 STANDBY

+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_6.270.765996763 STANDBY

+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_6.266.765996767 STANDBY

+DATA/primary/onlinelog/group_7.271.765996775 STANDBY

+FRA/primary/onlinelog/group_7.267.765996779 STANDBY

4：配置Data guard相关参数

SQL> alter system set db_unique_name='primary' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,physical)';

SQL> show parameter remote_login;

remote_login_passwordfile stringEXCLUSIVE

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+FRA/orcl valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=primary' scope=spfile;

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=physical lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=physical' scope=spfile;

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;

SQL>alter system set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;

SQL> alter system set fal_server='physical';

SQL> alter system set fal_client='primary';

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered

5：配置listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件(备库上需要做同样的配置)，重启监听器和数据库，确保数据库连接正常

[oracle@primary ~]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary_DGMGRL.yang.com)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.227.20)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

[oracle@primary ~]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

primary =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = primary.yang.com)

physical =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.227.30)(PORT = 1521))

(SERVICE_NAME = physical.yang.com)

Connected.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

[oracle@primary ~]$ lsnrctl stop

[oracle@primary ~]$ lsnrctl start

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

sysdba

SQL> show parameter name;

------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------------

db_file_name_convert string

db_name stringorcl

db_unique_name stringprimary

global_names booleanFALSE

instance_name stringorcl

lock_name_space string

log_file_name_convert string

service_names stringprimary.yang.com

6:备份主库相关文件

SQL> !mkdir -p /home/oracle/dg_backup

SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/dg_backup/initorcl.ora' from spfile;

File created.

[oracle@primary ~]$ rman target /

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 format '/home/oracle/dg_backup/dg_%U'

2> tag 'dg_asm' database plus archivelog;

RMAN> backup format '/home/oracle/dg_backup/ctl_asm_%U' current controlfile for standby;

[oracle@primary ~]$ ll -h /home/oracle/dg_backup/

total 670M

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.8M Oct 31 15:32 ctl_asm_05mqg6vt_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 64M Oct 31 15:28 dg_01mqg6o9_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 592M Oct 31 15:29 dg_02mqg6oj_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.9M Oct 31 15:29 dg_03mqg6qa_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 25K Oct 31 15:29 dg_04mqg6qh_1_1

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1.5K Oct 31 15:24 initorcl.ora

 二：备库上的配置

1：配置ASM

[oracle@physical ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

[oracle@physical ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Oct 31 17:18:29 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------

2：复制主库上的备份数据

[oracle@physical ~]$ scp -rp primary:/home/oracle/dg_backup ./

[oracle@physical ~]$ cat dg_backup/initorcl.ora （修改如下参数）

*.db_unique_name='physical'

*.fal_client='physical'

*.fal_server='primary'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=+FRA/orcl valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=physical'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=primary lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=primary'

[oracle@physical ~]$ cp dg_backup/initorcl.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@physical ~]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapworcl password=123456 entries=5

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Oct 31 17:33:30 2011

SQL> select open_mode,name from v$database;

OPEN_MODENAME

---------- ---------

MOUNTED ORCL

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Total System Global Area167772160 bytes

Fixed Size 1218316 bytes

Variable Size 83888372 bytes

Database Buffers 79691776 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

/

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Oct 31 17:26:18 2011

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1293766727)

connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;

验证：

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Oct 31 17:43:16 2011

SQL> select sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied from v$archived_log order by 1;

SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIMENEXT_TIME

APP

---------- ------------------- ------------------- ---

2 2011-10-31:13:57:04 2011-10-31:14:02:38 NO

3 2011-10-31:14:02:38 2011-10-31:14:24:53 NO

4 2011-10-31:14:24:53 2011-10-31:14:25:57 NO

5 2011-10-31:14:25:57 2011-10-31:15:28:03 NO

6 2011-10-31:15:28:03 2011-10-31:15:29:17 NO

7 2011-10-31:15:29:17 2011-10-31:16:59:50 NO

8 2011-10-31:16:59:50 2011-10-31:17:01:33 YES

7 rows selected.

查看日志信息：

[oracle@physical ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/

[oracle@physical bdump]$ tail -f alert_orcl.log

Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:01

Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:00

Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:02

Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:03

Archivelog restore complete. Elapsed time: 0:00:06

Mon Oct 31 17:41:33 2011

Media Recovery Log +FRA/orcl/1_8_765985997.arc

Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 9

主库上切换日志：

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

备库上再次查询：

SQL> select sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied from v$archived_log where sequence# >= 8 order by 1;

9 2011-10-31:17:01:33 2011-10-31:17:45:49 YES

10 2011-10-31:17:45:49 2011-10-31:17:49:26 YES

11 2011-10-31:17:49:26 2011-10-31:17:50:42 YES

[oracle@physical admin]$ tail -f /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log

Fetching gap sequence in thread 1, gap sequence 9-10

Mon Oct 31 17:51:14 2011

RFS[1]: Archived Log: '+FRA/orcl/1_9_765985997.arc'

RFS[1]: Archived Log: '+FRA/orcl/1_10_765985997.arc'

RFS[1]: Archived Log: '+FRA/orcl/1_11_765985997.arc'

Mon Oct 31 17:51:48 2011

Media Recovery Log +FRA/orcl/1_9_765985997.arc

Media Recovery Log +FRA/orcl/1_10_765985997.arc

Media Recovery Log +FRA/orcl/1_11_765985997.arc

Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 12

 三：排错

1：数据不同步问题排错

SQL> select sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied from v$archived_log;

no rows selected

Oldest online log sequence 0

Next log sequence to archive 0

Current log sequence 0

SQL> select * from v$archive_gap;

[oracle@physical bdump]$ ls

alert_orcl.log orcl_arc1_18529.trc orcl_mrp0_18646.trc

FAL[client]: Failed to request gap sequence

GAP - thread 1 sequence 8-8

DBID 1293766727 branch 765985997

FAL[client]: All defined FAL servers have been attempted.

-------------------------------------------------------------

Check that the CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME initialization

parameter is defined to a value that is sufficiently large

enough to maintain adequate log switch information to resolve

archivelog gaps.

主库上查看归档日志信息

Oldest online log sequence 7

Next log sequence to archive 9

Current log sequence 9

在备库上还原归档日志

RMAN> restore archivelog all;

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/dg_backup/dg_09mqgc7f_1_1

ORA-19870: error reading backup piece /home/oracle/dg_backup/dg_09mqgc7f_1_1

ORA-19504: failed to create file "+FRA/orcl/1_8_765985997.arc"

ORA-17502: ksfdcre:4 Failed to create file +FRA/orcl/1_8_765985997.arc

ORA-15173: entry 'orcl' does not exist in directory '/'

failover to previous backup

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 10/31/2011 17:39:52

RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore

RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 8 lowscn 489318 found to restore

RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 7 lowscn 485345 found to restore

RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 6 lowscn 485300 found to restore

RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 5 lowscn 482789 found to restore

RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 4 lowscn 482752 found to restore

RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 3 lowscn 479773 found to restore

RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 2 lowscn 472799 found to restore

[oracle@physical dg_backup]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

[oracle@physical dg_backup]$ asmcmd

ASMCMD> cd FRA

ASMCMD> ls

PHYSICAL/

ASMCMD> mkdir orcl

orcl/

ASMCMD> cd orcl

1_2_765985997.arc

1_3_765985997.arc

1_4_765985997.arc

1_5_765985997.arc

1_6_765985997.arc

1_7_765985997.arc

1_8_765985997.arc

2:关闭主库后，重启物理备库，报错如下,找不到控制文件

SQL> startup mount

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

[oracle@physical dbs]$ grep-i control_files initorcl.ora //该路径需要和asmcmd命令找到的控制文件路径一致

*.control_files='+DATA/physical/controlfile/Current.256.765999025','+FRA/physcial/controlfile/backup.256.765999027'

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

ORACLE instance started.

Database mounted.

Database altered.

配置物理备库以spfile方式启动，spfile不使用ASM管理

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

SQL> shutdown immediate

spfile string/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0

/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora

3：配置ASM报错如下

[root@physical ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/localconfig add

/etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.

Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.

Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..

Operation successful.

Configuration for local CSS has been initialized

Adding to inittab

Startup will be queued to init within 90 seconds.

Checking the status of new Oracle init process...

Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.

Giving up: Oracle CSS stack appears NOT to be running.

Oracle CSS service would not start as installed

Automatic Storage Management(ASM) cannot be used until Oracle CSS service is started

[root@physical ~]# /etc/init.d/init.cssd run >/dev/null 2>&1 [1] 16323

[root@physical ~]# ps -ef |grep css

root 16323 14445 0 16:22 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.cssd run

root 16338 16323 0 16:22 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.cssd startcheck

root 16406 14445 0 16:22 pts/2 00:00:00 grep css

[root@physical ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/

[root@physical bin]# ./crsctl check crs

Failure 1 contacting CSS daemon

[root@physical bin]# ./crsctl start crs

Attempting to start CRS stack

The CRS stack will be started shortly

4：物理备库standby日志组invalid问题排错

主库：

------------------------------------------------------------ ----------

备库：

+DATA/physical/onlinelog/group_3.264.765999293 ONLINE

+FRA/physical/onlinelog/group_3.259.765999299 ONLINE

+DATA/physical/onlinelog/group_2.263.765999285 ONLINE

+FRA/physical/onlinelog/group_2.258.765999291 ONLINE

+DATA/physical/onlinelog/group_1.262.765999279 ONLINE

+FRA/physical/onlinelog/group_1.257.765999283 ONLINE

+DATA STANDBY

+FRA