C++11 FAQ中文版--转

更新至英文版October 3, 2012

译者前言：

经过C++标准委员会的不懈努力，最新的ISO C++标准C++11，也即是原来的C++0x，已经正式发布了。让我们欢迎C++11！

当然，我也非常欢迎大家指出翻译中的错误，或者是加入进来和我一起翻译这份文档，共同为C++11在中国的推广做一点事情。你可以通过chenlq at live.com联系到我。

对自己的翻译做一点说明：

在翻译的过程中，尽量遵照原文含义，可能有时候也会自己根据自己的理解加一点批注，希望可以帮助大家理解。

另外，虽然C++11刚刚公布，但是现在已经有很多编译器支持C++11中一些相对比较独立的特性，比如gcc以及它在Windows下的MinGW，Visual C++ 2012也部分支持，大家可以使用这三款编译器尝试这个文档中的部分例子。

在下面的目录中，已经翻译的问题链接到相应的中文文档，未翻译的问题则链接到英文原文。

感谢所有参与翻译的志愿者(排名不分先后)：interma，Chilli，张潇，dabaidu，Yibo Zhu，lianggang jiang，nivo，陈良乔

感谢所有参与审阅与校译的志愿者： ufouser

最后，祝大家阅读愉快:)

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目录

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/license-of-the-cpp11-faq-chinese-version-by-mr-stroustrups.html">Stroustrup先生关于中文版的授权许可邮件</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/notes-on-the-chinese-version-of-cpp11-faq-by-mr-stroustrup.html">Stroustrup先生关于C++11 FAQ的一些说明</a>

关于C++11的一般性的问题：

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-your-version-of-cpp11.html">您是如何看待C++11的?</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-when-will-cpp0x-become-a-formal-standard.html">什么时候C++11会成为一部正式的标准呢？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-when-will-compilers-implements-the-cpp11-standard.html">编译器何时将会实现C++11标准呢？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-when-can-we-use-new-standard-library-files.html">我们何时可以用到新的标准库文件？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-goals.html">C++11努力要达到的目标有哪些？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-what-is-the-specific-design-goals-for-the-guidance-of-the-standards-committee.html">指导标准委员会的具体设计目标是什么？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-11-faq-chinese-version-where-can-i-find-the-report-of-the-standards-committee.html">在哪里可以找到标准委员会的报告？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-11-faq-chinese-version-where-can-i-get-the-c-11-academic-and-technical-reference-materials.html">从哪里可以获得有关C++0x的学术性和技术性的参考资料？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-where-can-i-read-about-c-0-x.html">还有哪些地方我可以读到关于C++11的资料？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/chinese-version-of-c-11-faq-video-on-the-c-11.html">有关于C++11的视频吗？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-c-0-x-is-difficult-to-learn-anything.html">C++11难学吗?</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-how-does-the-standard-committee-run.html">标准委员会是如何运行的？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-who-is-the-standards-committee.html">谁在标准委员会里？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-achieving-c-0-x-features-in-what-order.html">实现者应以什么顺序提供C++11特性？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-it-will-be-the-c-1-x.html">将会是C++1x吗？</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-standard-concepts-what.html">标准中的”concepts”怎么了?</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-you-do-not-like-c-features.html">有你不喜欢的C++特性吗？</a>

关于独立的语言特性的问题:

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-__cplusplus-macro.html">__cplusplus宏</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-alignment-alignment.html">alignment(对齐方式)</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-attributes.html">attributes(属性)</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-atomic-operations.html">atomic operations</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-auto-set-data-types-during-initialization.html">auto——从初始化中推断数据类型</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-c99-features.html">C99功能特性</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-enum-class-and-strongly-typed-enum.html">枚举类——具有类域和强类型的枚举</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-attributes.html">[[carries_dependency]]</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-copy-and-rethrow-exception.html">复制和重新抛出异常</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-constexpr.html">常量表达式（constexpr）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-decltype.html">decltype – 推断表达式的数据类型</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-the-0-xfaq-chinese-version-control-the-default-function-default-or-disabled.html">控制默认函数——默认或者禁用函数</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/control-the-default-function-the-move-move-or-copy-the-copy.html">控制默认函数——移动(move)或者复制(copy)</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-delegate-constructors.html">委托构造函数（Delegating constructors）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-concurrency-dynamic-initialization-and-destructor.html">并发性动态初始化和析构</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-xfaq-chinese-version-noexcept-to-prevent-the-abnormal-spread-and-diffusion.html">noexcept – 阻止异常的传播与扩散</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-explicit-conversion-operator.html">显式转换操作符</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-extended-integer.html">扩展整型</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-external-template-declaration.html">外部模板声明</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-sequence-for-loop.html">序列for循环语句</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-return-type-after-syntax.html">返回值类型后置语法</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/within-the-c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-class-member-initialization.html">类成员的内部初始化</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-inheriting-the-constructor.html">继承的构造函数（inherited constructors）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-initializer-list.html">初始化列表</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-lambdas.html">Lambdas</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-local-type-in-template-parameters.html">用作模板参数的局部类型</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-long-long-integer-type.html">long long（长长整数类型）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-memory-model.html">内存模型</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-prevent-the-narrowing-conversion.html">预防窄转换</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-attributes.html">[[noreturn]]</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/think-talk-write/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-nullptr-null-pointer-identifies.html">nullptr——空指针标识</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-xfaq-chinese-version-control-of-overloading-the-override-override.html">对重载(override)的控制: override</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-xfaq-chinese-version-of-control-of-overloading-the-override-final.html">对重载(override)的控制：final</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-pod.html">PODs</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-of-native-string-that-identifies-the.html">原生字符串标识</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-right-corner-of-the-brackets.html">右角括号</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-an-an-rvalue-references.html">右值引用</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-11-faq-chinese-version-simple-sfinae-rule.html">Simple SFINAE rule</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-static-assertions-compile-static_assert.html">静态（编译期）断言 — static_assert</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-template-aliases-official-name-for-typedef-for-the-template.html">模板别名（正式的名称为”template typedef”）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-thread-local-storage-thread_local.html">线程本地化存储 (thread_local)</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-unicode-character.html">unicode字符</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-unified-initialization-syntax-and-semantics.html">统一初始化的语法和语义</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-broadly-defined-of-the-ss-commonwealth.html">（广义的）联合体</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-user-defined-literals.html">用户定义数据标识（User-defined literals）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-variadic-templates.html">可变参数模板（Variadic Templates）</a>

我经常从提案中借用一些例子。所以，我要感谢这些提案的作者们。另外，我也从自己的访谈和论文中借用了很多例子。

关于标准库的问题：

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-abandoning-a-process.html">abandoning_a_process</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-improvements-in-algorithm.html">算法方面的改进</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-array.html">array(数组)</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-async.html">async()函数</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-atomic-operations.html">atomic_operations</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/chinese-version-of-c-11-faq-condition-variable.html">Condition variables(条件变量)</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-improvements-of-the-standard-library-containers.html">容器(Container)方面的改进</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-std-function-and-std-bind.html">std::function 和 std::bind</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-std-future-and-the-the-std-promise.html">future and promise</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-garbage-collection.html">垃圾回收（应用程序二进制接口）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-unordered-containers.html">无序容器（Unordered containers）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-lock.html">锁（locks）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-metaprogramming-and-type-the-traits.html">metaprogramming（元编程） and type traits</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-exclusive.html">互斥</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-11-faq-chinese-version-the-generation-of-random-numbers.html">随机数的产生</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-the-regular-expression-regular-expressions.html">正则表达式（Regular expressions）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/chinese-version-of-c-11-the-faq-the-scope-of-the-memory-an-allocator.html">具有作用域的内存分配器</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-shared-smart-pointer-the-shared_ptr.html">共享资源的智能指针shared_ptr</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-0-x-faq-chinese-version-thread-the-thread.html">线程（thread）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/chinese-version-of-c-0-x-faq-the-time-utility.html">时间工具程序</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-standard-library-std-tuple.html">标准库中的元组（std::tuple）</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-unique_ptr.html">unique_ptr</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/cpp11-faq-chinese-version-series-the-weak_ptr.html">weak_ptr</a>

<a href="http://www.chenlq.net/books/cpp11-faq/c-11-faq-chinese-version-system-error.html">system error</a>