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配置网络

1.配置网络目的

1.远程登录它

2.可以使用yum安装其他的包

1.1配置网络步骤

1.执行dhclient命令,自动获取ip地址(NAT模式,它可以自动生成一个ip地址)

查看ip地址的命令ip addr

快捷键ctrl -L 清屏

2.配置ip地址,要知道:ip地址,子网掩码,网关,DNS

查看网关命令iproute

公共的DNS:119.29.29.29 114.114.114.114 202.106.0.20 8.8.8.8

3.编辑配置文件

按Tab键自动补全命令或者文件路径名字

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33直接回车,进入到配置文件里面按i,进入编辑模式,用方向键把光标挪到最下面,另外一行添加如下内容

IPADDR=192.168.109.133 #自动获取的ip地址

NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #地址

GATEWAY=192.168.109.2 #获取的关网

DNS1=119.29.29.29 #dns

还需要更改BOOTPROTO=static和ONBOOT=yes  

获取ip地址,查看ip

重启网络服务,ping百度

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network

[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.com

PING www.baidu.com (14.215.177.38) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=16.7 ms

64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=16.5 ms

64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=15.6 ms

64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=15.8 ms

其他

cat 查看文件内容

如果遇到一个很长的文件,cat之后就看不到前面的内容了,此时可以用管道和less命令结合起来查看,管道符 | 作用是把管道左边的命令交给管到右边命令去处理

如:cat /etc/init.d/network | less

b 网上翻 f往下翻 q退出less

2.远程登录

xshell 登录 远程的linux 还有putty

Xshell个人版下载

试试这个地址能否下载:https://cdn.netsarang.net/0763e317/Xshell-6.0.0121p.exe

如果不行,就到官网(下面地址)下吧

https://www.netsarang.com/download/down_form.html?code=622

说明:License type 选择"Home and school use"

putty官方下载地址:

https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/latest.html

这边选择的是xshell,可以Windows登录linux linux登录linux mca登录linux

linux登录linux

[root@localhost ~]# ssh [email protected] //登录命令

The authenticity of host '192.168.109.133 (192.168.109.133)' can't be established.

ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:C3899wVB7Svy9IdEn7wPBSAbZCyrHR4nSlOQnf/thlY.

ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:30:f1:03:ae:84:a6:f6:d7:f0:0a:dd:a2:2f:38:0a:d3.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

Warning: Permanently added '192.168.109.133' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.

[email protected]'s password: 输入密码

2.0秘钥认证

使用一堆秘钥进行验证身份。公钥+私钥 公钥是用来加密,私钥是用来解密

点击工具找到-用户秘钥管理者-点击生成

保持默认

下一步

输入秘钥名称-点击完成

配置网络

点击属性-点击公钥一会要用到

配置网络

想验证那台机器就到那台机器上去配置

把公钥放到哪里是要讲究的

[root@localhost ~]# cd ~/.ssh/ 进入目录

[root@localhost .ssh]# vi authorized_keys 编辑配件文件

把刚刚公钥复制进来

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAmljL8plyVnsd8crXSYfogx6wYtMh3Xj3fkfqgS5LiYxUsqhXYmqOZZ7zpWYHeuKBAXfd/T0gjRQJKwETC/qz0kV9mIwRrW9rDlU/oo/w4afgxTtZlrYZ5mcUpExZnmL/FuccLjkEJfySfMfybTJom85NijgCpzxnvRE6BHUzQZVF+Vo5fMfu/XxSNkLr4UtbaLubsqft8deQxpQzvkzFM+87FdJFeYo+0oMYWS9ifid6DjI/OdRNxJwROMK34qgXzyhJjQpZCqwUDKa1qk1VJ6nrjDwBnSiqc0Lc/N0dldmwMOT1X8m5PYoj1a6MgRkJ/hzAdMd5acy+l1cqQ0zYGQ== rsa 2048-082719

给文件600权限

[root@localhost .ssh]# chmod 600 authorized_keys

回到xshell点击主机名-属性

点击用户身份认证-选择Public Key-在选择用户秘钥的名字-确定即可登录进linux

总结:xshell-工具-用户秘钥管理者-生成-密码留空-复制公钥

到linux机器执行

1.创建.ssh目录 mkdir ~/.ssh

2.进入cd .ssh

3.编辑配置文件vi authorized_keys 注:这配置文件不能打错

4.给文件600权限

5.到xshell的会话属性-用户身份认证-选择Public Key-在选择用户秘钥的名字-确定即可登录进linux

3.0Linux密钥认证登录Linux

到vmware

1.做一个快照 点击右键-找到快照-拍摄快照

2.点击右键-管理-克隆

如何命令关机? 执行命令 init 0 或者shutdown -h now

如何命令重启?执行命令init 6 或者reboot ,shutdown -r now

下一步 虚拟机中的当前状态 连接克隆 填写名称和路径

3.修改网卡ip

编辑vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens36

修改IPADDR=的ip

找到UUID哪行前面加上#即可

更改主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname linux1

秘钥认证

[root@linux1 ~]# ssh-keygen 生成秘钥对

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):

/root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.

Overwrite (y/n)? y

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

SHA256:qk/l/cPbf5wfG2zK9g6GDZrPfR08GPuqTn/oy4eBXIM root@linux1

The key's randomart image is:

+---[RSA 2048]----+

.

E +

S ..o *

+ .oo++.+

o .o.+ +=*=

o +.O=+*B

... .=*%X==

+----[SHA256]-----+

[root@linux1 ~]# ssh-copy-id [email protected] 拷贝公钥到那台机器上

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys

[email protected]'s password: 输入134ip的密码

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '[email protected]'"

and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@linux1 ~]# ssh [email protected] 登录

Last failed login: Tue Aug 27 10:35:04 CST 2019 from 192.168.109.133 on ssh:notty

There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.

Last login: Tue Aug 27 10:23:56 2019 from 192.168.109.1

[root@linux2 ~]#

5.0重置root密码

忘记root密码,没办法登录,需要重置密码。

用的是秘钥认证,忘记root密码无所谓。只要你记得秘钥即可。

密码和秘钥都支持远程登录。是不是说启用秘钥,密码就失效 了.不是两者二选一,密钥难被破解

改密码:root用户执行passwd回车输入两次密码即可,root更改普通用户输入passwd+用户名即可 普通用户自己更改也是passwd回车

如果忘记密码和秘钥认证。总之就是无法远程登录了如何做?

单用户

救援模式

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