From the Shiwu Highway to Laoshiquan, on the bridge, you can see the advance and retreat of the Japanese invading army stronghold of the Daqingshan anti-Japanese guerrillas in the Raiden Shuimotan Railway Station. Stay for half an hour and travel north along the Wudanggou line from the Shigu Line. There are combat footprints of anti-Japanese guerrillas in this area. At the east end of the Three Forks, the Japanese mine team was attacked, and the Japanese brigade was ambushed in the area of Chen Wan on the slope of Guyang Xinyao. The gray and white dirt roads and ravines and valleys that the anti-Japanese guerrilla fighters ran on foot are now all built into cement or oil roads.
Located in the northern foothills of Yin mountain, Da Yushu Beach and Daqing Mountain Shiquan area is an important passage in the northern wing of northwest Hebei and Guyang, Wuchuan and Shiqiu anti-Japanese base areas during the anti-Japanese period.
One
In March 1938, Mao Zedong decided to create the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Base Area, and the 120th Division, which was responsible for the formation, decided to send the 715th Regiment of the 358th Brigade and a company of the Divisional Cavalry Battalion as the Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Detachment, with Li Jingquan, the brigade political commissar, as the commander, Yao Zhe, chief of staff, and Peng Deda, the political commissar of the 714th Regiment, as the director of the Political Department, with three battalions and fifteen companies, totaling nearly 2,000 people. The regimental commanders were Wang Shangrong of the 715 Regiment, Zhu Huizhao, political commissar, and Li Wenqing, chief of staff. Of the more than 140 cadres above the platoon level, one-third were the old Red Guards before the Long March or the old Red Army who came from the Long March. Proceeding from the reorganization of Wuzhai County, Shanxi Province, four months later, they set up the "General Mobilization Committee for the National Revolutionary War in the Second Theater," led by Wu Xinyu, Wu Daping, Zhang Jinxun, Li Weizhong, Qiao Fengshan, and other ministers. In addition, the four detachments of teachers and students of Taiyuan Private Chengcheng Middle School are integrated, totaling more than 2,300 people. The detachment wore stars and moons, waded through mountains and waters, cut through thorns in Jin, broke through the heavy encirclement and sniper attack of the Japanese and puppet recalcitrant troops, and went north twice, arriving in the middle of Daqingshan in mid-July. After beating the enemy on the centipede dam on the Wugui Highway, the main force advanced west from Wuchuan and soon attacked the Shiqiu mining area in Baotou.
These materials were interviewed by me in the compilation of Guyang County's literary and historical materials and county chronicles from the 1980s to the early 1990s. Sitting on the car and looking at the relevant information, we arrived at the original Guyang Xinjian Township. It stretched east to the town of Lower Wet Trench, which was the center of the anti-Japanese detachment's frequent activities and the key to transportation. We turned south from xiashi trench town, entered the north pass of the middle section of DaqingShan, and flowed along the former black sand, Dulongtu, and qianhai to Guandi Village, and entered the "National Nature Reserve". Vegetation is sparse, and exposed granite, limestone, and sandstone show a hazel desolation between gray and white. There was no dense forest hidden by the anti-Japanese guerrillas.
At that time, the puppet Mongolian regime had been reduced to a traitor of the Japanese and Kou, with districts, townships, neighborhoods, and armor on both sides and three knives, and bandits running rampant like a chaotic weed. The Daqingshan guerrilla detachment was in an unusually precarious situation: no supplies, torn shoes, and coarse bran and wild vegetables.
Here to the south is closely connected to the Shiqiu mining area, Daci, Dafa, Shuimotan, Changhangou, Hetangou and other coal mines, the mountains are undulating, the ditches are longitudinal, and the underground is buried with rich coal resources. The large amount of coal has long coveted the energy-starving Japanese invaders, who claimed in their strategic analysis report: "big stone turn, small baotou." Predatory mining of the Shiqi Coal Mine. In order to embezzle large quantities of coal and transport them back to Japan, they captured laborers from the occupied areas and forced them to go to the coal mines to mine coal. Coal miners live inhuman lives, and miners who are beaten daily with whips and sticks die in the underground.
Two
Seven turns and eight turns to the former site of the headquarters - Ba Zong Yaozi Village. Ba ZongYao Village is located in The Jiufeng Mountain of the Right Banner of Tumut, about 10 kilometers away from the location of the Ninth Management Committee, and belongs to the old revolutionary area, where the headquarters of the Daqingshan Detachment of the Eighth Route Army is located. It was included in the fourth batch of traditional Chinese villages. The overall style of the village is typical of the Shanxi village style, the building is scattered, many houses are damaged, and the main traditional building Wei family compound is a typical courtyard pattern, sitting north to south, divided into main houses. The box room highlights the high-end atmosphere and conforms to the architecture of traditional houses in northern China. As early as the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a Mongolian nomadic old man named Bartle, who came here, dug caves and lived, mainly shepherding sheep, and gradually developed and grew, and the old man Battle also became the chief supervisor of the surrounding herders at that time, presiding over meetings and discussing important matters on time, so it was named "Ba Zong Yao". Later, during the Xikou period, a large number of people surnamed Zhang in Xinzhou, Li surnamed Wuzhai, Gao surname of Shenmu and Wei surnamed Fugu migrated to the village of Ba Zongyao and settled down, forming a village where Menghan and Han lived side by side, and raised farmers and agriculture and animal husbandry at the same time.
I first climbed the hill in the middle, looked around the terrain, south of the main vein of the Daqing Mountain, the foot of the mountain to the front of the village a half-moon shaped open land, through the village avenue to connect the front and back villages such as S-shaped Yin Yang Taijitu, located in two small mountain bays of the village like the eyes of yin and yang fish. In all directions are mountain valleys, twisting and turning, and moving forward and backward freely. It is said that Li Jingquan and Yao Zhe observed and selected it during a month-long guerrilla war when they first arrived. The village rebuilt the beacon tower and the three-story anti-aircraft artillery tower, and on the west slope is the newly built headquarters of the blue-gray brick ridged courtyard, and the sign "Memorial Hall of the Headquarters of the Daqingshan Detachment of the Eighth Route Army" is hung next to the south gate. The six pavilions are distributed in the three rooms on the east and west sides of the north, starting from the east, respectively displaying pictures of the main leaders and subordinates of the Eighth Route Army of the Party Central Committee, the series of institutions of the Daqingshan detachment, cadres at or above the company level, guerrilla battles, the deeds of the masses, relics and devices and other pictures and texts.
Li Jingquan began to live in the Wei family compound, and the headquarters was set up in the courtyard to carry out the construction of the anti-Japanese base area in Suixi. The original Wei family compound is more than 40 meters from east to west, more than 20 meters from north to south, surrounded by a tall wall, a row of main houses in the north, and Li Jingquan lives in 3 suites with partitions in the middle. At present, the indoor partition in the room has the marks of the bullets of that year, and the east house has a dark passage leading to the outside of the courtyard. In the winter of 1939, Li Jingquan commanded the crushing of the Japanese puppet army's offensive here.
We watched for a week and came out, entered through the east entrance of the turret, and went down the tunnels. Feel the wall forward in the two walls of lights, and exit the west mouth ten minutes later. According to Uncle Shi, who is more than 80 years old, the original mouth went straight to the courtyard of the headquarters, but later it was diverted. The village still retains stone mill plates, stone mills, stone canals and old supply and marketing cooperatives. In front of the village, two people hang legendary texts on an ancient tree.
Three
Initially, the Daqingshan detachment, the General Motion Committee, and the guerrilla detachments settled in the Datan area of the Suizhong area, and after the night raid on Taolin County, they carried out activities in Suizhong, Suixi, and Suinan. After passing through the town of Wulanhua in siziwang banner, Wuchuan led to suiyuan after the battle of centipede dam, and arrived at Jingergou in the Daqingshan Gorge in the southwest of Wuchuan County. It was decided that Li Jingquan, Wang Shangrong, Li Weizhong, Chen Gang, and others would lead the third battalion and the fifth company of the second battalion, and the four detachments and some personnel of the second company's motion committee to advance into Suixi. In 1938, on the first day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, we arrived at the villages of Houyaozi, Guandi and Hexi Yaozi at the junction of Wuchuan, Saraqi and Guyang counties. To the south, along the Liudaoba and Meidaigou straight out of the Mochuan River, to the west through Guyang, Shiqiu, Baotou, north out of Daqingshan to The Dalchan Maoming'an Grassland, and east into the Machangliang, Yiqian and Wanjiagou base areas. After the Japanese army learned of this, 37 cars were dispatched on the fourth day of the first lunar month, full of soldiers' weapons and ammunition, and chased them to the rear kiln and raided the headquarters. Captain Li and Staff Officer Wang commanded the two battalions and five companies to cover, and the third battalion resisted four times that of the Japanese Kou. Annihilating more than 200 enemy soldiers, the Japanese army was furious and burned the kiln village after burning. After that, Commander Wang Shangrong and Commander Chen Gang led the main forces of the three battalions to camp at Jiufeng Mountain through Cabbage Ditch and Ba ZongYaozi. On a stormy night, he rushed to Tao Sihao Station and won a great victory.
After opening up the eastern region, it marched west (including Wuchuan, Saraqi, Guyang, and Shiquan). The Daqingshan detachment faced a strong enemy, fought tenaciously, and won the first battle with the Japanese army in the area of the back of the head and the official land, and then attacked Tao Sihao in a rainy night.
Four
Located in the hinterland of Daqingshan, surrounded by mountains, Shiqiu is the middle ground from Baotou to Guyang, Bailingmiao, and Wuchuan, and its strategic position is very important. It was garrisoned by the first regiment of the pseudo-cavalry division Li Shouxin. After detailed and careful planning and probing, the Lee detachment decided that the three battalions would quickly attack Shi Quan.
Comrade Chen Gang, commander of the third battalion of the 715th Regiment, led about four or five hundred troops to Shiqiu, and after eight or nine hours of rapid marching, arrived at Shiqiugou at two o'clock in the morning, temporarily concealed, and at about three o'clock, the battle began, the surprise attack of our army, the Japanese puppet army panicked, chaotic, and then launched a fierce battle, killing and wounding more than a hundred Japanese puppet troops, cutting off the reinforcements sent by the Japanese from Baotou, blowing up a tank of the reinforcements, and capturing twenty or thirty puppet troops and a Japanese. More than 200 laborers captured from Hebei were liberated, more than 80 coal trucks were blown up, more than 60 long guns and a batch of military supplies were captured. The scattered Japanese puppet army sneaked into the underground in order to escape and mixed with the miners.
Three companies of three battalions attacked Shiquan from three roads. The adjusted and strengthened pseudo-regimental headquarters was located in a compound in The Old Stone Bend, and the courtyard wall was washed away by rain and a large gap. The soldiers of the Ninth Company rushed into the courtyard with lightning speed. At this time, the pseudo-regimental commander was sleeping, did not know what had happened, and was panicking when he was captured alive by me. All of his soldiers were also captured. In just ten minutes, without firing a shot, he took down the compound of the pseudo-regimental headquarters.
After a while, gunshots rang out, shouts of death continued, and explosions shook the valley. After half an hour of fierce fighting, the companies reported victories one after another, and the sound of gunfire also fell. In this battle, more than 200 enemy members were killed and wounded, and Liu Zhendong, the pseudo-Mongolian representative stationed in Shiquan, was captured. More than 300 people below the commander of the pseudo-regiment were captured, more than 300 long and short guns, more than 30,000 rounds of ammunition, more than 400 war horses, more than 2,000 pounds of large smoke, a radio station, and other materials were captured.
Five
After conquering Shijiao, the regimental headquarters ordered the Ninth Company to stay behind in Shiquan and garrison the Area of Nanshan in Lijiagou. Carry out work such as mobilizing the masses. Five days later, more than 1,000 Japanese troops stationed in Baotou rushed to Shiquan. The puppet army coordinated to attack from both the east and the west. At that time, a squad working as a guard in the earthen fort in the south of the town found the traces of the Japanese Kou, immediately shot the police, and launched a blockade. As soon as Commander Yang saw that the enemy was being attacked on three sides, and the strength of the Japanese puppet army was several times that of me, he immediately ordered the troops to withdraw up the mountain beam and move in the direction of the rear mountain. But the warriors guarding the bunkers were too late to withdraw and were besieged by the enemy.
The squad leader Zhang Da was calm and calm, leading 13 fighters to launch a fierce attack on the enemy, severely damaging the flank puppet army. The enemy has no intention of fighting and waits for the opportunity to retreat. At this time, an officer of the Japanese Kou carried a plaster flag to supervise the battle, urging the puppet army to rush forward. Captain Zhang aimed at the Japanese officer and killed him with one shot. The puppet army panicked and stagnated, just bluffing, shouting, and shooting indiscriminately. By dark, more than 80 Japanese puppet troops had been killed and wounded, and only one of the thirteen fighters had been slightly wounded. After it was completely dark, my squad leader ordered the soldiers to change into puppet army costumes, mix with the puppet army defense to the west, and break out. At this time, if you climb the mountain from the northeast, you can catch up with the troops, but this is afraid of arousing the suspicion of the enemy and disrupting the combat plan of the main force. In order to save the big picture, they decided to reverse the shift from the southwest. Arrived at a landlord's estate. The warriors, tired and sleepy, stopped to rest. When the landlord saw it, he hurriedly slaughtered the sheep and prepared food, and Yingqin entertained.
Captain Zhang found that there was a fourteen- or fifteen-year-old girl in the landlord's house, who was the child of a former landlord. He took the opportunity to quietly tell her the truth and asked her to find a reliable guide back to the army. The little girl also recognized the disguised squad leader, so she called her brother who came to work to meet with the squad leader. The two conspire against a plan. The next morning, the squad leader shouted for help from a man, pulled the girl's brother away in front of the landlord, and then left the manor and walked toward the back of his head.
After that, the detachment withdrew to the Ba Zong Kiln and stationed itself in the area of the back of the head. During this period, frictional battles broke out with Li Hailong of Erjia Mountain, Zhao Taibao of Jikulun Tu Shaobuhai, Yun Erjiao, and Jin Guozhu of the Wudang Summoning Guard. These miscellaneous contingents, known as the "People's Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Army," all revolted and surrendered to the Eighth Route Army.
Six
Not long ago, when I was interviewing in that area, I heard many folk stories:
In the 1930s, after the Invasion of japan and Kosovo, they occupied the coal mines. In order to find out the distribution of the Japanese puppet army's garrison, a deputy platoon commander of the anti-Japanese guerrilla group led two scouts from Xinjian Nanshan to ShuijianLiang, south to Wudangzhao, and then to Dafa Kiln, where there were Japanese artillery towers at the top of the east and west hills, disguised as coal kiln workers, black-faced and torn clothes, and carrying pointed-headed planers, and passed through the street. Then, through the Changhan Ditch and the Lama Dam to the Shiqiu Water Mill Beach, we completely found out the deployment situation and the approximate number of Japanese puppet troops. On the way back to the north, they encountered two Patrol Japanese troops riding motorcycles, killed in a hidden place, grabbed the car and flew to the new kiln slope, waiting for the Japanese squad to chase, the three anti-Japanese warriors had already abandoned the motorcycle in the ravine, and no one knew where to go.
After that, more than thirty people from the mine team were stationed at the three forks. Adultery and plunder, no evil. After gang-raping his wife who was eight months pregnant, he stabbed him to death with a bayonet, and it was unbearable to see... Women also often went to the area around The City Bay to loot their belongings. The Daqingshan Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Detachment often went in and out of this area to attack the Japanese army and fight bandits; the Wudang Summoning Jin Guozhu Security Brigade also operated here. Late at night when the clouds were thick with black clouds, the anti-Japanese guerrillas came from the wet trenches and secretly surrounded the Japanese army. Just as the raid was about to begin, lightning broke out. The Japanese sentry spotted the approaching soldiers of my detachment and shouted. The detachment commander immediately ordered fire, killed the Japanese sentry, and then rushed to the Japanese barracks. The Japanese army attacked, the two sides fought fiercely, our detachment only a dozen people, with rifles, grenades to fight the Japanese army, outnumbered, killed seven or eight Japanese troops. My detachment sacrificed two soldiers and fought and retreated to the east.
The Japanese did not dare to chase and returned to the barracks. First of all, the Jin Guozhu security team was coming south from the brain bag, heard the sound of gunfire, and waited for the Japanese army to go out of the camp to engage our detachment, trying to take advantage of the false opportunity to rob the Japanese barracks and loot the guns and ammunition. Just as they were about to leave after stealing their supplies, they ran head-on with the returning Japanese troops. The Japanese army was desperate to retaliate, so they opened fire on jin fiercely. Jin Bu left three corpses and fled south. When they reached the big ditch of climbing elm tree, it was already bright, and when they met two Japanese soldiers, they shot and killed one, and the other fled to the three forks. Jin Bu did not dare to chase after it, and turned over the Eastern Mountain back to Wudangzhao. Unexpectedly, the fleeing Japanese troops went back to report to the detachment, and the next day, the Japanese troops stationed in the Shiquan Mine surrounded Wudangzhao and captured five Jin security guards. I heard that after being taken back to Baotou, all the sacks were packed and thrown into the Yellow River.
Minden, Chengwan and Sanchakou are located in several ancient road passes. Go east to the new wet trench Wuchuan, south to Shijiao, north to Guyang, west to Baotou. It is a major transportation route, which has always been valued by soldiers, and it is also a place where soldiers and bandits haunt. The anti-Japanese guerrillas also operated frequently in this area, reconnoitring and harassing the enemy, and often inflicting hard-won blows on the people.
During the Republic of China, bandits were frequent. Villagers are often robbed of their belongings and livestock, and chickens and sheep are slaughtered, and the people suffer terribly. One night, a small group of bandits came down from Guyang, snatched property from the city beams, helped a woman, and then rested and drank at the ruins of the ancient city under Dongshan. After the anti-Japanese guerrilla detachment learned of it, Bao Cao besieged it, and the bandits cried and cried, abandoning their stolen belongings and fleeing into the mountains. The detachment rescued the women and returned the belongings to the village.
Seven
In the course of waging guerrilla warfare in Suixi, the General Motion Committee set up sub-districts in the north and south of Daqingshan to cooperate with the four detachments in carrying out mass work; according to the recollection of Wu Jingguo of the Changhan Dam (then the commander of the Donggong Banner Eastern Auxiliary Security Regiment), the Motion Committee and the anti-Japanese guerrillas often sent people down to publicize the anti-Japanese resistance, mobilize the masses, collect clothing, and provide logistical support for the troops. From the 27th to the first half of the 28th century of the Republic of China alone, the Zhao Taibao Department, the assistant of the Eastern Gongqi, raised more than 3,000 oceans, nearly 100 stones of grain, fur, cloth, shoes and socks, clothes, etc., and more than 200 cattle, sheep, donkeys and horses. Once, two village assistants of the Movement Committee were killed when they encountered patrolling Japanese troops from The Village of Shobuhai through the Barbed Wire Dam. The local sheep immediately reported the situation to the security team of Shaobuhai Village, and the commander of the Wu Company led seven or eight members of the team to the mouth of the Bazong Yaozigou to report to the four detachments of the anti-Japanese guerrillas who were temporarily staying there, and together they pursued the west, and after seeing the Japanese army robbing the village entrance in front of the new kiln slope, they went south. They went around Dongshan to The Front Hill of Nabaobei and opened fire on the Japanese, attacking four Japanese, and when the Japanese turned their heads and returned, they safely retreated to Dongshan.
At the end of the Nanshan interview, we put the bread and cooked meat stalls we carried with us on the stone mill plate, and invited Uncle Shi, who was in charge of the patrol headquarters, to lunch, he said that the most tragic battle here was at the beginning of 38 years, the snow was cold and cold, and the enemy gathered about 2,000 people from Suiyuan, Baotou, Guyang, Wuchuan, and Sa County. Cars, gun trucks, and horse teams lay siege under the cover of aircraft. The command headquarters heard the news and led the villagers to evacuate Ba Zong Yaozi. After the Japanese puppet army pounced, it vented its anger to the local and neighboring villages, burning and looting, and was inhumane. The detachment hid in the dense forest around Ma'anshan in Jiufeng Mountain, waiting for an opportunity to attack the enemy, luring the enemy out of the village, completing the task of containment, and then moving eastward. Later, it advanced into the northern Hebei region.